依维莫司药物洗脱支架和西罗莫司药物洗脱支架对冠心病疗效的Meta分析

目的比较依维莫司药物洗脱支架(everolimus-eluting stent,EES)与西罗莫司药物洗脱支架(sirolimuseluting stent,SES)治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的疗效。方法计算机检索Pub Med、MEDLINE、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、CNKI全文数据库,收集2007年1月至2013年12月公开发表的有关EES和SES疗效比较的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCT),手检已获文献的参考文献、会议摘要及相关网站。对文献质量进行严格评价后,对符合要求的RCTs进行资料提取并采用Rev Man4.2软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入14项RCTs,Meta分析显示,EES组与SES组之间主要心血管事件(MACE)发生率(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.76~1.17,P=0.60)、心源性死亡发生率(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.74~1.27,P=0.81)、心肌梗死发生率(OR=1.03,95%CI:0.83~1.27,P=0.80)、血运重建发生率(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.76~1.04,P=0.15)均差异无统计学意义;但EES组确定或者可能的支架内血栓发生率低于SES组,差异有统计学意义(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.44~0.97,P=0.04)。结论在冠心病支架介入治疗中,EES能更显著降低支架术后的支架内血栓的发生率,但在主要心血管事件发生率、心源性死亡发生率、心肌梗死发生率、血运重建发生率与SES相似。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和心血管事件相关性的Mate分析

目的前期研究表明阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)可能会增加心血管疾病的风险,但基于各种条件的限制,该结论尚无定论。本研究旨在于通过系统性评估前瞻性队列研究来进一步分析OSA与心血管事件的相关性。方法系统性检索PubMed与EMbase等电子数据库,查找关于OSA与成年人冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD,冠心病)、卒中及总心血管疾病(CVD)发生率之间的前瞻性队列研究。结果本研究共计纳入14项研究。与对照组相比,OSA组的心血管死亡率(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.4~3.18,P=0.03)、冠心病发病率(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.16~1.91,P=0.002)及高血压发生率(OR=1.82,95%CI:1.24~2.68,P=0.002)上存在统计学差异,而在心血管事件(OR=1.25,95%CI:0.38~4.13,P=0.72)、卒中发生率(OR=1.17,95%CI:0.75~1.82,P=0.50)及高脂血症发生率(OR=2.06,95%CI:0.96~4.44,P=0.06)方面,两组间无统计学差异。在亚组中,体质指数(BMI)≥30的OSA人群(OR=3.82,95%CI:1.90~7.68,P=0.0002)、OSA持续10年以上(OR=3.66,95%CI:2.07~6.47,P<0.00001)及中重度OSA患者(OR=3.52,95%CI:1.59~7.79,P<0.05)具有更高的心血管死亡率。结论这项研究证实OSA会增加心血管事件的死亡率,同时增加心血管事件的相关风险,尤其是中重度OSA患者。     

干细胞移植治疗扩张型心肌病疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的:系统评价干细胞移植治疗扩张型心肌病的疗效与安全性。方法:对PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Medline、Web of Science及知网、维普、万方、CBM于2020年10月1日前发表的随机对照试验进行系统检索。采用RevMan5.3及STATA15进行Meta分析。结局指标包括病死率及不良事件发生率、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDCs)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESCs)、六分钟步行距离(6MWD)、氨基末端脑钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)。结果:最终纳入9项随机对照试验,共包括607例患者。Meta分析结果表明,干细胞移植不会增加病死率(RR=0.72,95%CI:0.52～1.01,P=0.196)及不良事件发生率(RR=1.25,95%CI:0.68～2.27,P=0.617),并可提高LVEF(WMD=5.02,95%CI:3.32～6.73,P=0.005),降低LVEDCs(SMD=-0.82,95%CI:-1.42～-0.22,P=0)及NT-proBNP(WMD=-1534.00,95%CI:-2410.06～-657.95,P=0);但对LVESCs(SMD=0.12,95%CI:-0.78～1.01,P=0);和6MWD(WMD=51.39,95%CI:-11.65～114.43,P=0)无影响。结论:干细胞移植治疗扩张型心脏病不会增加病死率及不良事件发生率,对提高LVEF、降低LVEDCs及NT-proBNP有一定疗效,但对降低LVESCs和提高6MWD影响不大,未来还需更多大型随机对照试验来进一步明确干细胞治疗对扩张型心肌病患者的影响。     

依维莫司药物洗脱支架与西罗莫司药物洗脱支架治疗冠心病疗效的Meta分析

目的 比较依维莫司药物洗脱支架（everolimus-eluting stent,EES）与西罗莫司药物洗脱支架（sirolimus-eluting stent,SES）治疗冠心病的疗效与安全性.方法 计算机检索PubMed、MEDLINE、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、CNKI全文数据库,收集2007年1月至2012年12月公开发表的有关EES和SES疗效和安全性比较的随机对照试验（RCT）,同时辅以手检纳入文献的参考文献.对文献质量进行严格评价后,符合要求的RCTs进行资料提取及采用RevMen5.1软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入7项RCTs,Meta分析显示：EES组与SES组之间病死率（OR=0.98,95%CI：0.85～1.12,P=0.75）、心源性病死率（OR=1.05,95%CI：0.88～1.25,P=0.57）、靶病变血运重建（TLR）率（OR=0.92,95%CI：0.65～1.31,P=0.65）、主要心脏不良事件（MACE）发生率（OR=0.95,95%CI：0.77～1.18,P=0.66）、支架内血栓发生率（OR=0.80,95%CI：0.49～1.32,P=0.39）、支架内再狭窄发生率（OR=0.89,95%CI：0.26～3.04,P=0.85）均无统计学差异,但EES组心肌梗死发生率低于SES组（OR=0.66,95%CI：0.53～0.80,P＜0.001）有统计学差异.结论 在冠心病支架介入治疗中,EES能更显著降低支架术后的心肌梗死的发生率,但在病死率,心源性病死率,TLR、MACE、支架内血栓和支架内再狭窄的发生率方面,与SES相似.     

风速对冠心病心血管事件影响临床研究

目的探讨风速对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)心血管事件的影响。方法收集铜川地区2017～2018年650例冠心病患者的临床资料和同期气象资料、环境污染资料,回顾性分析风速与心血管事件的相关性。结果 650例冠心病患者累计发生心血管事件754次,包括心源性死亡9例、非致命性心肌梗死59例、不稳定型心绞痛506例、急性心力衰竭50例、卒中85例。单因素分析显示,日均风速与心血管事件显著相关(OR=1.58,95%CI:1.02～2.45)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,相对于低风速(0.70～1.90 m/s),中等风速(2.00～2.60 m/s)发生心血管事件的风险显著增加(OR=3.29,95%CI:1.49～7.26)。结论一定范围的风速增高会增加冠心病患者心血管事件风险。     

急性生理和慢性健康状况评价系统Ⅱ在心血管急重症患者中的应用评价

目的评估急性生理和慢性健康状况评价系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)在心血管急重症患者临床评价中的作用。方法连续入选345例心血管急重症住院患者,进行APACHEⅡ评分,同时检测N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、大内皮素等临床相关指标,比较患者院内的预期病死率和实际病死率。结果 345例患者的实际病死率和预期病死率分别为4.93%和7.85%(P>0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.832。单因素回归分析显示,APACHEⅡ评分参数———呼吸频率(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.04～1.31,P=0.01)、血钠浓度(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.81～0.99,P=0.03)、血肌酐浓度(OR=1.01,95%CI:1.00～1.02,P<0.01)、白细胞计数(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.05～1.33,P<0.01)与死亡率相关,而非APACHEⅡ评分因素———总蛋白(OR=0.95,95%CI:0.90～0.99,P=0.04)、白蛋白(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.83～0.99,P=0.02)、谷草转氨酶(OR=1.00,95%CI:1.00～1.01,P<0.01)、谷丙转氨酶(OR=1.00,95%CI:1.00～1.001,P=0.01)、NT-proBNP(OR=1.00,95%CI:1.00～1.01,P=0.02)、大内皮素(OR=1.58,95%CI:1.02～2.45,P=0.01)、是否进行机械通气(OR=178.36,95%CI:19.75～1610.72,P<0.01)亦与病死率相关。多因素回归分析表明,钠值(OR=0.846,95%CI:0.740～0.968,P=0.015)、机械通气(OR=358.7,95%CI:27.2～4731.7,P<0.01)与病死率相关。结论 APACHEⅡ模型对心血管急重症患者的预后有一定的判断作用,但仍有很多不足之处。     

阿司匹林对糖尿病患者心脑血管事件一级预防的荟萃分析

目的 系统评价阿司匹林对糖尿病患者心脑血管事件一级预防的疗效及安全性.方法 电子检索数据席MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆、维普数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库等,文献检索时间为建库至2009年7月,检索关键词包括阿司匹林、糖尿病、一级预防、心血管事件、心肌梗死、卒中,文献语种不限.检索纳入文献的参考文献.纳入阿司匹林降低糖尿病患者心脑血管并发症的所有前瞻性随机对照试验,评价纳入研究的方法学质量,并提取符合纳入标准的数据,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行荟专笔分析.结果 共纳入4项随机对照试验中的5883例糖尿病患者.荟萃分析结果显示:阿司匹林可使糖尿病患者卒中事件的发生率降低近30%(RR=0.71,95%CI为0.55～0.93,P=0.01),阿司匹林组与对照组主要心血管事件(RR=0.90,95%CI为0.77～1.04,P=0.15)及心肌梗死事件(RR=1.02,95%CI为0.78～1.32,P=0.90)无显著差异.阿司匹林对不同性别糖尿病患者主要心血管事件的影响无显著差异.阿司匹林可使糖尿病患者主要出血事件的发生风险增加4倍(RR=4.03,95%CI为2.09～7.78,P<0.0001),阿司匹林组与对照组心源性死亡事件(RR=0.85,95%CI为0.32～2.24,P=0.74)及全因死亡事件(RR=0.87,95%CI为0.47～1.61,P=0.67)无显著差异.结论 阿司匹林能显著降低糖尿病患者卒中事件的发生风险,增加出血事件的发生风险.     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架与紫杉醇药物洗脱支架治疗冠心病疗效的Meta分析

目的 比较雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架（sirolimus-eluting stent,SES）与紫杉醇药物洗脱支架（paclitaxel-eluting stent,PES）治疗冠心病的疗效与安全性.方法 计算机检索PubMed、MEDLINE、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、CNKI全文数据库,收集2006年1月至2011年10月公开发表的有关SES和PES疗效和安全性比较的随机对照试验（RCTs）.对文献质量进行严格评价后,符合要求的RCTs进行资料提取及采用RevMen 5.1软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入9项RCTs,Meta分析显示：SES组与PES组病死率（OR=0.98,95%CI：0.74～1.31,P＞0.05）、心肌梗死率（OR=0.86,95%CI：0.69～1.07,P＞0.05）和支架内血栓发生率（OR=0.94,95%CI：0.67～1.32,P＞0.05）均无统计学差异,但靶病变血运重建（TLR）率（OR=0.67,95%CI：0.51～0.89,P＜0.05）、主要心脏不良事件（MACE）发生率（OR=0.08,95%CI：0.68～0.94,P＜0.05）和支架内再狭窄率（OR=0.44,95%CI：0.24～0.79,P＜0.05）的差异有统计学意义.结论 两种药物洗脱支架治疗冠心病患者的病死率、心肌梗死率和支架内血栓发生率相似,但与PES比较,SES能明显降低支架术后TLR、MACE和支架内再狭窄的发生率.     

经皮冠状动脉介入术后以CYP2C19基因分型为指导的抗血小板治疗研究的荟萃分析

目的 评价CYP2C19基因分型为指导的抗血小板治疗策略对冠心病(CAD)患者预后的影响。方法 通过计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane library、中国知网、万方和维普数据库，经过严格的纳排标准和文献质量评估，采用风险比(RR)比较治疗的有效性和安全性。结果 共纳入10项随机对照研究，包括11 065例CAD患者。结果表明：相较于常规治疗组，基因指导组在PCI术后发生心肌梗死风险(RR=0.55,95%CI:0.42～0.72,P<0.0001)、支架内血栓形成风险(RR=0.62,95%CI:0.42～0.91,P=0.02)、心血管死亡风险(RR=0.67,95%CI:0.46～0.97,P=0.03)和不良心血管事件发生风险(RR=0.60,95%CI:0.39～0.91,P=0.02)均更低。而两组的靶血管血运重建风险(RR=0.90,95%CI:0.75～1.08,P=0.26)和大出血风险(RR=0.87,95%CI:0.73～1.03,P=0.11)的差异均无统计学意义。结论 CYP2C19基因分型为指导的抗血小板策略可以显著提高CAD患者的...     

强化降压对中老年慢性肾脏病患者心血管及肾脏事件影响的荟萃分析

目的比较强化降压与标准降压对中老年慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者心血管及肾脏结局的影响。方法通过计算机检索英文数据库Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane,同时手工检索纳入文献的参考文献,收集截至2017年12月发表的比较中老年CKD患者强化降压与标准降压的随机临床试验,运用RevMan 5.3软件评价中老年CKD患者强化降压对心血管事件及肾脏事件的影响。结果共纳入随机对照试验4项,包含患者8 122例,其中强化降压组4 057例,标准降压组4 065例。分析发现,与标准降压组比较,强化降压组发生心血管病死亡风险降低31%(95%CI 10%～47%,P0.01),全因死亡风险降低23%(95%CI 8%～36%,P0.05),综合心血管事件风险降低17%(95%CI 3%～28%,P=0.02)。而两组主要冠状动脉事件(RR=0.88,95%CI 0.70～0.90,P=0.24)和综合肾脏事件(RR=0.92,95%CI 0.70～1.21,P=0.53)差异无统计学意义。结论强化降压能降低中老年CKD患者心血管病死亡率、全因死亡率及综合心血管事件发生率,而在主要冠状动脉事件发生率及综合肾脏事件发生率上没有明显差异。     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular systolic function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in patients with coronary heart disease and preserved left ventricular (LV) function. BACKGROUND: The ACEIs have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction (MI). However, there is conflicting evidence concerning the benefits of ACEIs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and preserved LV systolic function. METHODS: An extensive search was performed to identify randomized, placebo-controlled trials of ACEI use in patients with CAD and preserved LV systolic function. Of 61 potentially relevant articles screened, 6 trials met the inclusion criteria. They were reviewed to determine cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal MI, all-cause mortality, and revascularization rates. We performed random-effect model meta-analyses and quantified between-studies heterogeneity with I(2). RESULTS: There were 16,772 patients randomized to ACEI and 16,728 patients randomized to placebo. Use of ACEIs was associated with a decrease in cardiovascular mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72 to 0.96, p = 0.01), nonfatal MI (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.94, p = 0.003), all-cause mortality (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.94, p = 0.0003), and revascularization rates (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.00, p = 0.04). There was no significant between-studies heterogeneity. Treatment of 100 patients for an average duration of 4.4 years prevents either of the adverse outcomes (one death, or one nonfatal myocardial infarction, or one cardiovascular death or one coronary revascularization procedure). CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative evidence provided by this meta-analysis shows a modest favorable effect of ACEIs on the outcome of patients with CAD and preserved LV systolic function.     

Tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or clinical evidence of heart failure: a pooled meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials

Aim:  The aim of this study was to determine the role of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or clinical evidence of heart failure in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials using pooled meta-analysis techniques.
Methods:  Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of at least 12 months duration in patients with diabetes mellitus without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure who had experienced a prior cardiovascular event or were at high cardiovascular risk were selected. A total of 10 328 patients (43 517 patient-years) from four selected trials were used for meta-analysis. Relative risk estimations were made using data pooled from the selected trials and statistical significance was determined using the Chi-squared test (two-sided alpha error <0.05). The number of patients needed to treat was also calculated.
Results:  Tissue ACE inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality by 14.9% (p = 0.022), myocardial infarction by 20.8% (p = 0.002) and the need for invasive coronary revascularization by 14% (p = 0.015) when compared to placebo. The risk of all-cause mortality also tended to be lower among patients randomized to tissue ACE inhibitors, whereas the risks of stroke and hospitalization for heart failure were not significantly affected. Treating about 65 patients with tissue ACE inhibitors for about 4.2 years would prevent one myocardial infarction, whereas treating about 85 patients would prevent one cardiovascular death.
Conclusion:  Pooled meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials suggests that tissue ACE inhibitors modestly reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death and tend to reduce overall mortality in diabetic patients without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure.     

Predictors of ventricular dysfunction and coronary artery disease in Iranian patients with left bundle branch block

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and concomitant left bundle branch block (LBBB) have increased cardiovascular mortality rates in comparison with those with CAD but without LBBB. In patients with LBBB, therefore, the delineation of the presence and severity of CAD may be helpful in providing prognostic information. In this cross-sectional study 219 patients with LBBB and suspected CAD that underwent coronary angiography, assessed for having CAD and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. CAD was present in 124 (56.3%) patients and left ventricular ejection fraction <50% was seen in 147 (67.1%) patients. Advanced age (p=0.001), male gender (p=0.027, OR=1.94), history of chest pain (p=0.015, OR=2.08) and LVEF <50% (p=0.026, OR=3.04) were predictors of CAD and older age (p=0.004), male gender (p=0.017, OR=2.11), history of diabetes mellitus (p=0.043, OR=1.45) and angiographically documented CAD (p=0.001, OR=3.41) were predictors of LV dysfunction.     

左西孟旦对冠状动脉旁路移植术术后因左心功能不全应用主动脉内球囊反搏患者预后影响

目的 探讨左西孟旦对冠状动脉旁路移植术术后因左心功能不全应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)患者的影响.方法 收集2017年1月至2019年4月泰达国际心血管病医院心脏大血管外科患者术后因左心功能不全应用IABP的112例患者的临床资料,并以应用"左西孟旦"为分组变量建立倾向匹配44对病例资料,比较两组术后住院时间、呼吸机...     

Should angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors be used to improve outcome in patients with coronary artery disease and 'preserved' left ventricular function?

Early clinical studies investigating the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure unexpectedly demonstrated a possible reduction in coronary heart disease endpoints. Two large scale clinical trials, HOPE and EUROPA, both studies in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) but without clinical evidence of heart failure, showed a highly significant improvement in coronary heart disease outcomes on treatment with ramipril and perindopril, respectively, in contrast, in a similar population, PEACE was unable to demonstrate such benefit with trandolapril. Meta-analyses of all trials involving ACE-inhibitors showed a highly significant improvement in coronary heart disease endpoints. Current ESC guidelines recommend ACE-inhibitor therapy in CAD patients with co-existing indications for ACE-inhibitors, such as hypertension, heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, prior MI was left ventricular dysfunction, or diabetes (class I, level of evidence A). These guidelines also recommend ACE-inhibitor therapy in all patients with angina and proven coronary disease (class IIa, level of evidence B). However, in angina patients without independent indication for ACE-inhibitor treatment, the anticipated benefit should be weighted against the costs and risks of side effects; in these patients, only agents and doses of proven efficacy for secondary prevention should be employed.     

Serum BNP, hs-C-reactive protein, procollagen to assess the risk of ventricular tachycardia in ICD recipients after myocardial infarction.

AIMS: Ventricular arrhythmia is the main cause of sudden cardiac death. Intracardiac strain, myocardial and extracellular matrix remodelling, and subsequent myocardial fibrosis are involved in arrhythmia pathogenesis. The present study investigates the relationship between cardiac fibrosis [procollagen type I aminoterminal peptide (PINP), procollagen type III aminoterminal peptide (PIIINP), TIMP1, membrane metalloproteinase I], pressure overload [brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)] inflammation [high sensitivity (hs)-C-reactive protein] serum markers, and the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) recipients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum markers were collected in 121 patients implanted for spontaneous sustained VT and a prior history of myocardial infarction. VT incidence was obtained during ICD interrogation. Over a 1 year period, 38 patients (31%) experienced at least 1 VT. In a multivariate analysis, a left ventricular ejection fraction <0.35 (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.00-4.79, P = 0.049), an increased serum BNP (OR = 3.75, 95%CI 1.46-9.67, P = 0.014), an increased hs-C-reactive protein (OR = 3.2, 95%CI 1.26-8.10, P = 0.006), an increased PINP (OR = 3.71, 95%CI 1.40-9.88, P = 0.009), and a decreased PIIINP (OR = 0.21, 95%CI 0.08-0.59, P = 0.003) were associated with a higher VT incidence. CONCLUSION: In coronary artery disease patients: (1) BNP is not only a marker of left ventricular dysfunction, but also a marker of VT; (2) combined 'high PINP and low PIIINP' is a strong VT marker; and 3) inflammatory process is involved in VT pathogenesis.     

The Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibition Post Revascularization Study (APRES)

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to assess the effect of treatment with ramipril on the incidence of cardiac events after invasive revascularization in patients with asymptomatic moderate left ventricular dysfunction. BACKGROUND: In patients with angina pectoris and left ventricular dysfunction, both invasive revascularization and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce cardiac mortality and morbidity. Whether there is a benefit from combining the two treatment strategies has never been evaluated prospectively. METHODS: After invasive revascularization, 159 patients with preoperative chronic stable angina pectoris, left ventricular ejection fraction between 0.30 and 0.50 and no clinical heart failure were randomly assigned to receive double-blind treatment with either ramipril or placebo and subsequently followed for a median of 33 months. RESULTS: Ramipril reduced the incidence of the triple-composite end point of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction or clinical heart failure (risk reduction 58%; 95% confidence interval 7% to 80%, p = 0.031). The incidence of the quadruple-composite end point of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, clinical heart failure or recurrent angina pectoris was not altered with ramipril. These findings were consistent across subgroups with respect to left ventricular ejection fraction below or above 0.40, and whether coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with angina pectoris and asymptomatic moderate left ventricular dysfunction, long-term treatment with ramipril after invasive revascularization significantly reduced the incidence of the composite end point of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction or clinical heart failure, indicating that the beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment may be extended to include treatment of this patient group.     

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for prevention of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of 72,128 patients

Backgroud

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been linked to reduced risk of new-onset diabetes, but the evidence was insufficient.

Objective and methods

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ACEIs on the development of new-onset type 2 diabetes. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about ACEIs and new-onset diabetes were identified by electronic and manual searches.

Results

Nine RCTs with 92,404 patients (72,128 non-diabetic patients at baseline) were included in this study. Compared with control group, incidence of new-onset diabetes was significantly reduced in the ACEIs group [OR 0.80, (0.71, 0.91)], irrespective of achieved blood pressure levels at the follow-up. ACEIs therapy was associated with significant reduction in the risk of new-onset diabetes compared with beta-blockers/diuretics [OR 0.78, (0.65, 0.93)], placebo [OR 0.79, (0.64, 0.96)], or calcium channel blockers [OR 0.85, (0.73, 0.99)]. ACEIs treatment was associated with significant reduction in the risk of new-onset diabetes in patients with hypertension [OR 0.80, (0.68, 0.93)], coronary artery disease (CAD) or cardiovascular disease [OR 0.83, (0.68, 1.00)], or heart failure [OR 0.22, (0.10, 0.47)]. Among patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, ramipril did not significantly reduce the incidence of diabetes [OR 0.91, (0.79, 1.05)], but significantly increased regression to normoglycemia.

Conclusion

ACEIs have beneficial effects in preventing new-onset diabetes. ACEIs provide additional benefits of lowering the risk of new-onset diabetes in patients with hypertension, CAD or other cardiovascular disease.     

Prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to identify all randomized clinical trial data evaluating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers for the prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF), to estimate the magnitude of this effect and to identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit. BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure, vascular disease, and hypertension. Several reports suggest that they may also prevent the development of AF. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify all reports of the effect of ACEIs or ARBs on the development of AF. Eligible studies had to be randomized, controlled, parallel-design human trials of an ACEI or ARB that collected data on the development of AF. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies, which included 56,308 patients, were identified: 4 in heart failure, 3 in hypertension, 2 in patients following cardioversion for AF, and 2 in patients following myocardial infarction. Overall, ACEIs and ARBs reduced the relative risk of AF by 28% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15% to 40%, p = 0.0002). Reduction in AF was similar between the two classes of drugs (ACEI: 28%, p = 0.01; ARB: 29%, p = 0.00002) and was greatest in patients with heart failure (relative risk reduction [RRR] = 44%, p = 0.007). Overall, there was no significant reduction in AF in patients with hypertension (RRR = 12%, p = 0.4), although one trial found a significant 29% reduction in patients with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. In patients following cardioversion, there appears to be a large effect (48% RRR), but the confidence limits are wide (95% CI 21% to 65%). CONCLUSIONS: Both ACEIs and ARBs appear to be effective in the prevention of AF. This benefit appears to be limited to patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction or LV hypertrophy. The use of these drugs following cardioversion appears promising but requires further study.