骨基质明胶复合自体红骨髓及同种异体骨修复骨缺损

目的:评价骨基质明胶复合自体红骨髓及同种异体骨联合移植修复骨缺损的疗效.方法:76例良性骨肿瘤和瘤样病损患者,彻底刮除病灶或作肿瘤骨段切除,并对瘤壁作灭活处理,以同种异体骨作支架,周围填充骨基质明胶和自体红骨髓复合物,术后观察机体反应及骨缺损修复情况.结果:术后机体无明显免疫排斥反应,无1例发生感染,所有病例随访时间为5～16个月,X线显示新骨形成时间为术后1.5～4月,完全骨化的时间为术后5～9月,骨缺损骨性愈合74例,并获得较好的关节功能,肿瘤复发2例.结论:骨基质明胶、自体红骨髓、同种异体骨复合物能有效修复骨缺损,有广泛的临床应用前景.     

骨基质明胶复合自体红骨髓及同种异体骨修复骨缺损

目的:评价骨基质明胶复合自体红骨髓及同种异体骨联合移植修复骨缺损的疗效。方法:76例良性骨肿瘤和瘤样病损患者,彻底刮除病灶或作肿瘤骨段切除,并对瘤壁作灭活处理,以同种异体骨作支架,周围填充骨基质明胶和自体红骨髓复合物,术后观察机体反应及骨缺损修复情况。结果:术后机体无明显免疫排斥反应,无1例发生感染,所有病例随访时间为5～16个月,X线显示新骨形成时间为术后1.5～4月,完全骨化的时间为术后5～9月,骨缺损骨性愈合74例,并获得较好的关节功能,肿瘤复发2例。结论:骨基质明胶、自体红骨髓、同种异体骨复合物能有效修复骨缺损,有广泛的临床应用前景。     

用同种异体骨基质明胶修复颅骨大面积缺损

本文报道同种异体骨基质明胶促进颅骨大面积缺损愈合的实验结果。以家兔颅顶骨直径1.0mm圆形骨缺损作为颅骨缺损模型,分别植入同种异体骨基质明胶、脱钙骨基质和不脱钙骨。植入后4周、8周、12周进行X线摄片和组织学位检查,结果表明同种骨基质明胶没有免疫排斥反应,并具有良好的骨诱导作用。术后8周已有大量新骨出现于骨缺损中央部,12周已使骨缺损完全愈合。说明同种骨基质明胶是修复儿童颅骨缺损较理想的植骨材料。     

组织工程方法异体骨复合物修复关节置换时骨缺损

目的：观察植入骨形态发生蛋白红骨髓异体骨复合物修复关节置换时骨缺损的疗效。方法：15例因多种疾患施行初次髋、膝或肩关节置换术，假体受区有骨包容性缺损需植骨。将骨形态发生蛋白、红骨髓、异体松质骨体外构建成复合物，即刻植入骨缺损区，然后再置入假体。结果：平均随访40个月。术后移植骨新骨替代较快，无吸收，骨缺损修复满意，假体无松动。结论：骨形态发生蛋白、红骨髓、异体骨构建成复合物，使坏死区成骨能力增强，可作为修复关节置换时骨缺损的一种选择。     

骨肿瘤

20061286 复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢治疗中的应用／王建炜…∥中华显微外科杂志．-2005，28（4）．-309-311 应用携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，重建下肢骨肿瘤切除后的长段骨缺损12例。其中，骨肉瘤6例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例，骨纤维结构不良2例，骨巨细胞瘤3例。结果：12例经术后8～38个月随访，1例死于肺转移，2例带瘤存活，9例无瘤存活。术后功能优良率达75％。10例术后3个月内X线示骨端骨性愈合，2例内固定失败重新外固定后骨性愈合，所有均在9个月内能完全负重行走。结论；携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，适用于下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中的长段骨缺损的修复，具有自体活骨移植和异体骨移植的双重优点。图3参6     

复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢治疗中的应用

目的探讨复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中重建骨缺损的手术原理及效果。方法应用携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，重建下肢骨肿瘤切除后的长段骨缺损12例。其中，骨肉瘤6例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例，骨纤维结构不良2例，骨巨细胞瘤3例。结果12例经术后8～38个月随访，1例死于肺转移，2例带瘤存活，9例无瘤存活。术后功能优良率达75％。10例术后3个月内X线示骨端骨性愈合，2例内固定失败重新外固定后骨性愈合，所有均在9个月内能完全负重行走。结论携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，适用于下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中的长段骨缺损的修复，具有自体活骨移植和异体骨移植的双重优点。     

自体红骨髓注射治疗骨不连术后局灶性骨缺损

目的：观察自体红骨髓注射治疗骨不连术后局灶性骨缺损的临床疗效。方法：13例骨不连术后局灶性骨缺损患者,男8例,女5例;年龄15-60岁,平均32．5岁。骨缺损部位：胫骨7例,股骨2例,肱骨4例。采用自体红骨髓注射至骨折断端治疗,自体红骨髓经皮注射每2周1次,共5次,每月复查肢体正侧位X线片。结果：13例全部获得随访,时间6～12个月,平均7．5个月。13例骨缺损完全修复,平均愈合时间4个月。无严重并发症发生。结论：自体红骨髓注射创伤小,疗效明确,并能缩短骨缺损修复时间,有利于促进肢体功能恢复,是治疗骨不连术后局灶性骨缺损的一种好方法。     

异种脱蛋白骨管复合不同移植材料修复大段骨缺损的实验研究

目的 应用异种脱蛋白骨管复合骨基质明胶(BMG)、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)、骨膜细胞与复合脱钙骨基质(DBM)、自体红骨髓(RBM)作比较,观察修复猪大段骨缺损的成骨差异.方法 建立猪双侧胫骨大段骨缺损模型.24只成年猪,随机分成2组,实验组A:异种骨管+BMG、BMP、骨膜细胞;实验组B:异种骨管+DBMLRBM;两组均采用锁定钢板及异种皮质骨板固定.分别于术后4、8、12、24周时通过大体标本观察.放射学及组织学观察评估其修复猪大段骨缺损的成骨情况.结果 植入后24周,异种骨管复合BMG、BMP、骨膜细胞完全修复.成骨活跃程度,骨再生量和重建髓腔结构等方面均显著;复合脱钙骨基质、自体红骨髓成骨能力较弱.结论 异种脱蛋白皮质骨管复合骨基质明胶、骨形态发生蛋白及骨膜细胞能够有效修复大段骨缺损.     

复合人工骨修复骨良性病变切除后骨缺损

目的探讨骨良性病变切除后骨缺损的修复方法，并对其疗效进行评估。方法总结1999年1月-2003年10月我科应用混合自体骨松质的异体脱蛋白骨松质复合自体红骨髓治疗骨良性病变切除后骨缺损28例。年龄12—61岁，平均20，5岁。结果除2例因死亡失访外，其余26例均取得满意随访，平均骨愈合时间为4．2个月。骨腔大小或植骨量不同，骨愈合时间不同。骨腔越大，植骨越多，骨愈合时间越长。本组病例未见明显排斥反应及并发感染。随访至今，无一例复发。结论利用这种复合人工骨修复骨良性病变切除后骨缺损的方法可行性好，安全性高，自体损伤小，便于推广，可用于骨缺损的修复。     

骨基质明胶复合红骨髓及同种骨修复节段性骨缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨骨质基明胶 (BMG)复合自体红骨髓移植及其与同种库存骨联合移植修复骨缺损的效果,为其应用于临床提供实验依据。方法 将 BMG与自体红骨髓复合,制成 BM;并采用兔桡骨干 1.5 cm缺损的动物模型。通过观察大体形态及进行 X线检查、组织学检查等,比较 BM移植、 BM与同种库存骨联合移植 (简称 BMA移植 )及自体骨移植修复节段性骨缺损的疗效。结果 (1)BMA移植,术后 16周全部骨愈合 (5/5),修复效果优于自体骨和 BM移植 (P 0.05); (3)BMA、 BM、自体骨移植明显优于对照组 (P     

Whole Bone Mechanics and Bone Quality

Background  

The skeleton plays a critical structural role in bearing functional loads, and failure to do so results in fracture. As we evaluate new therapeutics and consider treatments to prevent skeletal fractures, understanding the basic mechanics underlying whole bone testing and the key principles and characteristics contributing to the structural strength of a bone is critical.     

Bone Transport for Reconstruction in Benign Bone Tumors

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the results of using the Ilizarov apparatus to transport bones in the treatment of benign bone tumors.

Methods

Seven patients (six males and one female) with benign bone tumors were treated by bone transport with an Ilizarov apparatus at our institution. Their mean age at surgery was 14.4 years (range, 4.8 to 36.9 years). The histological diagnoses were osteofibrous dysplasia (4), giant-cell tumor (1), intraosseous cavernous hemangioma (1), and aneurysmal bone cyst (1). Three radiological indices were used for evaluating the results: an external fixation index, a distraction index, and a maturation index. The bone and functional results were evaluated according to the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov classification.

Results

Five patients had bone union at the reconstructed site, one patient had a local recurrence, and the other had a nonunion at the docking site. The mean length of distraction was 7.3 cm (range, 5.1 to 12.1 cm). The mean external fixation index was 26.0 day/cm (range, 19.8 to 32.5 day/cm), the distraction index was 9.6 day/cm (range, 6.8 to 12.0 day/cm), and the maturation index was 14.9 day/cm (range, 8.0 to 22.5 day/cm). Ultimately, the bone and the functional results were rated excellent in six cases and good in one case.

Conclusions

Bone transport using the Ilizarov apparatus is a good treatment option in patients with bone defects after the resection of an active or aggressive benign bone tumor.     

Penetration of Acrylic Bone Cements into Cancellous Bone

The depth of penetration of five commercial acrylic bone cements into cancellous bone was measured in vitro. Under standard, idealized conditions, cement penetration was found to vary significantly with different cements. Penetration was critically influenced by the coarseness of the cancellous bone and increased directly with the effective volume of the “cells” within the osseous matrix. An inverse correlation was determined between the mean cement viscosity during flow into the bone and final penetration depth. The dough time, set time and working time of each acrylic formulation was found to have no significant effect upon the depth of cement penetration.

It is suggested that in addition to the techniques adopted for introduction of cement to the bone, the selection of the bone cement itself may critically influence the incidence of late loosening following total joint replacement.     

Repair of Bone Defects by Bone Inductive Material

Experimental fibular defects in 16 rats were filled with an acid decalcified homogenous bone matrix (bone inductive material). Autogenous bone grafts in corresponding defects in the other legs of the same rats served as controls. After 3 months, 11 of the 16 defects filled with bone inductive material healed with bony union, but only 4 of the 16 defects treated with autogenous bone grafts had healed. The results suggest that bone inductive material can repair bone defects which are too large to be healed by autogenous bone grafts.     

Penetration of Acrylic Bone Cements into Cancellous Bone

The depth of penetration of five commercial acrylic bone cements into cancellous bone was measured in vitro. Under standard, idealized conditions, cement penetration was found to vary significantly with different cements. Penetration was critically influenced by the coarseness of the cancellous bone and increased directly with the effective volume of the “cells” within the osseous matrix. An inverse correlation was determined between the mean cement viscosity during flow into the bone and final penetration depth. The dough time, set time and working time of each acrylic formulation was found to have no significant effect upon the depth of cement penetration.

It is suggested that in addition to the techniques adopted for introduction of cement to the bone, the selection of the bone cement itself may critically influence the incidence of late loosening following total joint replacement.     

骨形态发生蛋白复合同种松质骨载体修复节段性骨缺损的实验研究

目的　本实验将探讨同种松质骨作为 BMP的载体修复节段性骨缺损。方法　将 rh BMP- 2复合同种松质骨载体 (其中含 rh BMP- 2 0 .4 mg)植入兔桡骨 15 m m人工缺损处 ,以新鲜自体松质骨植入 ,单纯同种松质骨植入作为对照 ,通过放射学骨缺损修复 L ane评分 ,Nilsson骨愈合组织学评分 ,扫描电镜观察 ,比较术后 4、8、12周各组修复骨缺损的效果。结果　 rh BMP- 2复合同种骨载体组术后 4、8、12周各项评分与同期自体骨组之间无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,明显优于单纯同种骨组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 rh BMP- 2具有高效的骨诱导能力。同种骨是一种较理想的 BMP载体 ,rh BMP- 2复合同种松质骨载体的骨修复效果与自体骨基本一致     

A Bone Replaceable Artificial Bone Substitute: Osteoinduction by Combining with Bone Inducing Agent

Bone inducing agent (BIA) isolated from Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells was added to an artificial bone substitute composed of 980 degrees C-heated carbonate apatite (CAp) and Type I atelocollagen (AtCol) extracted from bovine tail skins (88/12 in wt/wt %), and a CAp-AtCol-BIA substitute was prepared as an osteoinductive bone substitute. Rat calvaria osteoblasts treated by the isolated BIA demonstrated significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 3 days (p < 0.05). In vitro cell attachment and proliferation and ALP activity were investigated for the bone substitute combined with BIA. Osteoblasts cultured onto the surface of the CAp-AtCol-BIA substitute demonstrated remarkable morphological changes such as radial spreading, flattening, and projecting filopodia after 5 days. In comparison with the substitute without BIA, osteoblasts grown in the BIA-combined CAp-AtCol substitute expressed significantly increased proliferation and ALP activity, respectively (p < 0.05). Both the substitutes combined with and without BIA were implanted into artificial defects created in rabbit radii. After 4 weeks, the CAp-AtCol-BIA substitute implanted lesion was completely replaced by regenerated host bone in radiological observation whereas the substitute without BIA was partially resorbed. No histologic abnormalities appeared in the substitute either with or without BIA.     

Bone cement

The knowledge about the bone cement is of paramount importance to all Orthopaedic surgeons. Although the bone cement had been the gold standard in the field of joint replacement surgery, its use has somewhat decreased because of the advent of press-fit implants which encourages bone in growth. The shortcomings, side effects and toxicity of the bone cement are being addressed recently. More research is needed and continues in the field of nanoparticle additives, enhanced bone–cement interface etc.