Experimental labyrinthine lesions through stylomastoid foramen.

It was confirmed that the substances injected into the facial nerve through the stylomastoid foramen, reached every part of the inner ear. In sensitized animals, by repeated provocative injections of antigen, acute reversible episodes, very similar to that of Ménière's disease, were observed. The injection of various solutions and the provocative injection into the sensitized animals, resulted in completely opposite reactions. In sensitized animals, the electrophysiological phenomena of the cochlea also showed fluctuations like Ménière's disease.     

Facial nerve: vascular-related anatomy at the stylomastoid foramen

We dissected 30 facial nerves in fresh cadavers after arterial casting with red latex to provide specific information about the arterial-related anatomy of the trunk of the facial nerve from the stylomastoid foramen to its bifurcation. We found that a wide anatomic variability does exist. The trunk of the facial nerve was in proximity to the stylomastoid artery, which originated from the posterior auricular artery in 70% of the specimens (21/30), from the occipital artery in 20% (6/30), and directly from the external carotid artery in 10% (3/30). The stylomastoid artery passed medially to the trunk of the facial nerve in 63 of the specimens (19/30) and laterally in 37% (11/30). Among these 11 specimens, 8 were large-caliber stylomastoid arteries. During parotid surgery, the main trunk of the facial nerve may be difficult to identify, because a large-caliber stylomastoid artery can mask it. Therefore, it is important to dissect this artery with caution.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the nose

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequent tumor of the major salivary glands. It is rarely located in the lacrymal glands and is unusual in the nasal cavity. A rare case of a pleomorphic adenoma of the nose is presented along with a review of the literature. The use of nasal endoscopy in removing tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses is discussed.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the nose

Mixed parotid tumour of the nose is uncommon, Salivary gland tumours develop near or within the parotid gland nearly twenty times as often as they do in the submandibular gland. About 40% of all minor salivary tumours arise in the hard palate, 20% each in oral cavity and maxillary antrum, 10% in oropharynx and rest 10% are in upper respiratory tract. The average age of the patients with salivary tumours is 45 years, but the age range is wide, extending from childhood to adulthood and even over 80 years. Most series show a preponderance of females, especially if only tumours of the parotid glands are considered.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the nose

A case of Pleomorphic adenoma of the nose in a 28 year old female, presenting as right sided nasal obstruction is presented, the tumour involved the maxilla.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the larynx

A case of pleomorphic adenoma of the subglottic larynx in a 69-year-old female with unusual presentation is reported. The origin, histopathology and treatment of pleomorphic adenomas are discussed.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the larynx

Tumors arising from minor salivary glands are extremely rare neoplasms in the larynx. Of the few reports of pleomorphic adenomas in this site , most have subglottic locations while only one case has involved the true vocal cord and seven cases have had supraglottic locations. We present a case of benign mixed tumor located in the posterior commissure which, to our knowledge, is the first reported in the world literature.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea

Primary pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea is rare, as only 33 cases have been previously reported worldwide since 1922. We describe a new case of primary tracheal pleomorphic adenoma that was discovered incidentally in a 78-year-old man. The tumor was excised, and the patient recovered without complication. Salivary gland tumors of the trachea should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tracheal lesions; the diagnosis is confirmed by pathologic evaluation. Patients are adequately treated with sleeve resection and primary anastomosis whenever possible.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the epiglottis.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the major salivary glands. A pleomorphic adenoma in the larynx constitutes a rarity. A small number of cases have been reported in the literature. We report on a case seen in our hospital, and have reviewed those cases published in the medical literature during the last 25 years.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum

Despite the common occurrence of pleomorphic adenoma of major salivary glands, intranasal pleomorphic adenoma are rare. We present a ease of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum along with a brief review of literature. The histological nature of this lesion in comparison to other salivary gland tumours and the importance of an accurate diagnosis has been stressed.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the tongue base

INTRODUCTION: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common lesion of minor salivary glands but is exceptional in the tongue base. REPORT CASE: We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with pleomorphic adenoma of the tongue base. The patient consulted for difficult swallowing, which developed over 4 months. Physical examination and computed tomography revealed a cystic tumour located in the right side of tongue base. The tumor was removed by transoral resection. The histological examination demonstrated a pleomorphic adenoma. DISCUSSION: We will discuss the diagnostic and therapeutically modalities of pleomorphic adenoma of the tongue base with a review of the literature.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the base tongue

Pleomorphic adenoma is the benign tumor of salivary glands. The cells of origin are the myoepithelial cells and intercalated duct cells. This tumor is more common in major salivary glands. A rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands of base tongue is reported here. It was surgically excised by a median mandibulotomy approach and patient is free of any recurrence in one-year follow-up.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum

The authors described the case of mixed salivary gland tumour in the nasal septum. This localisation is extremely rare. Only several cases were described in Polish literature.