血浆非对称二甲基精氨酸浓度与急性冠状动脉综合征的关系

目的:探讨血浆非对称二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)浓度与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)及其不同亚组之间的相关性.方法:根据临床病情,并结合冠状动脉造影结果,将ACS组(88例)患者分为不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)亚组(56例)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)亚组(32例);对照组(42例)为冠状动脉正常患者.通过高效液相色谱联合质谱法(HPLC)测定血浆ADMA、L-精氨酸(L-Arg)含量.比色法测定HDL-C、TC、TG和尿酸(UA).结果:ACS组血浆ADMA浓度显著高于对照组[(5.18±1.32):(3.70±1.32)μg/L,P＜0.01],血浆L-Arg/ADMA浓度比低于对照组(1.64±0.60:2.49±1.79,P＜0.01).血浆L-Arg浓度在2组间差异无统计学意义.亚组间分析:AMI亚组血浆ADMA浓度显著高于对照组[(5.60±1.46):(3.70±1.32)μg/L,p＜0.01]和UAP亚组[(5.60±1.46):(4.93±1.22)μg/L,P＜0.05],血浆L-Arg/ADMA浓度比值低于对照组[(1.57±0.79):(2.49±1.79),P＜0.01];UAP亚组血浆ADMA浓度高于对照组[(4.93±1.22):(3.70±1.32)μg/L,P＜0.01],L-Arg/ADMA浓度比值低于对照组[(1.67±0.45):(2.49±1.79),P＜0.01];血浆L-Arg浓度在3组间差异无统计学意义.血浆ADMA与HDL-C、TC、TG、UA浓度无相关性.结论:ACS患者血浆ADMA浓度显著升高,血浆L-Arg/ADMA浓度比值显著降低,ADMA浓度升高是ACS的危险因素,且独立于冠心病传统危险因子.     

非对称性二甲基精氨酸和胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C与冠心病

目的 探讨冠状动脉疾病中血浆非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)与胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cystatin C)之间的关系.方法 选取冠心病患者87例(其中急性心肌梗死39例,不稳定性心绞痛48例),健康对照组51例;同时,依据Cystatin C水平将冠心病患者分为Cystatin C升高组(51例)与无Cystatin C升高组(36例),采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中ADMA、对称性二甲基精氨酸(SDMA)、左旋精氨酸(L-Arg)的含量,采用德国BNProSpec全自动速率散色比浊仪测定血浆Cystatin C的含量.结果 冠心病患者血浆ADMA[(0.47±0.15)μmol/L比(0.37±0.15)μmol/L]、SDMA[(0.39±0.19)μmol/L比(0.28±0.12)μmol/L]和Cystatin C浓度[(1.16±0.32)mg/L比(0.73±0.16)mg/L]均高于正常对照组(P均<0.05),L-Arg浓度低于正常对照组[(59.4±19.4)μmol/L比(83.7±19.6)μmol/L,P<0.05];对冠心病组的亚组分析显示血浆ADMA、L-Arg和Cystatin C浓度在心肌梗死组较心绞痛组差异无统计学意义.在Cystatin C<1 mg/L的冠心病患者中血浆ADMA与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义;而在Cystatin C>1 mg/L的冠心病患者血浆ADMA高于正常对照组[(0.50±0.17)μmol/L比(0.39±0.15)μmol/L,P<0.05].结论 只有在血浆Cystatin C水平升高的冠心病患者血浆ADMA水平才明显升高,提示冠心病患者血浆ADMA水平的升高并不与冠心病直接相关,可能与冠心病患者伴随轻微肾损害有关.     

瘦素水平与冠状动脉Gensini积分及肥胖的关系

目的探讨冠心病患者血浆瘦素水平与冠状动脉病变程度及体质指数的关系。方法拟诊冠心病患者93例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为对照组20例和冠状动脉粥样硬化组73例,计算各组患者的Gensini积分、体质指数,检测血浆瘦素水平,并分析瘦素水平与Gensini积分、体质指数之间的关系。结果血浆瘦素水平随Gensini积分增加而升高(P<0.05);根据Gensini积分分为1～30分组、31～90分组及>90分组,瘦素水平分别为0.61±0.15μg/L、0.77±0.13μg/L及0.93±0.13μg/L;冠状动脉粥样硬化患者血浆瘦素水平与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.643,P<0.01)。随体质指数的增加瘦素水平逐渐升高(P<0.05),体重正常组、超重组、肥胖组瘦素水平分别为0.59±0.17μg/L、0.75±0.16μg/L、0.89±0.11μg/L。结论冠心病患者血浆瘦素水平与冠状动脉病变程度以及肥胖显著相关,推测瘦素可能参与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展。     

冠心病患者血清非对称二甲基精氨酸水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性

目的探讨血清非对称二甲基精氨酸与冠状动脉狭窄程度及冠心病病情的关系及其临床意义。方法选取75例行冠状动脉造影患者,并根据冠状动脉造影结果和临床表现分为稳定型心绞痛组(n=15)、不稳定型心绞痛组(n=23)、急性心肌梗死组(n=20)和对照组(n=17)。所有患者分别进行病史采集,并检测血脂、非对称二甲基精氨酸水平,应用Gensini积分系统评价患者的冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度。分析血清非对称二甲基精氨酸水平与年龄、性别构成比、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。结果与对照组血清非对称二甲基精氨酸水平(3.81±0.48μmol/L)相比,稳定型心绞痛组(4.82±0.50μmol/L)、不稳定型心绞痛组(5.52±0.55μmol/L)和急性心肌梗死组(6.03±1.13μmol/L)均明显升高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不稳定型心绞痛组和急性心肌梗死组血清非对称二甲基精氨酸明显高于稳定型心绞痛组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。急性心肌梗死组血清非对称二甲基精氨酸与不稳定型心绞痛组相比,虽有升高的趋势,但差异不具有统计学意义(P=0.279)。冠心病各亚组Gensini评分均明显高于对照组(Gensini评分为0),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);稳定型心绞痛组Gensini评分(17.79±1.86)分别与不稳定型心绞痛组(38.05±4.46)和急性心肌梗死组(40.62±3.80)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。血清非对称二甲基精氨酸水平与总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关(P<0.01),而与年龄、性别构成比、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著相关性(P>0.05)。血清非对称二甲基精氨酸水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度Gnesini评分有明显相关性(r=0.704,P=0.000)。结论冠心病患者的血清非对称二甲基精氨酸水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度和冠心病病情的严重程度相关,监测血清非对称二甲基精氨酸水平对于判断冠心病病情、指导诊断治疗具有一定的价值。     

原发性高血压患者血浆非对称性二甲基精氨酸浓度升高

背景非对称性二甲基精氨酸是一种内源性一氧化氮(NO)合成酶抑制剂,可以抑制NO的生成,影响血管内皮功能。目的探讨原发性高血压患者血浆非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)浓度的变化及可能意义。方法选取经冠状动脉造影检查排除冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病且无糖尿病的住院病人56例,其中原发性高血压(EH)患者30例,对照组(26例)为血压正常并无高血压史患者。通过高效液相色谱联合质谱法(HPLC)测定各患者的血浆ADMA、L精氨酸(L-Arg)含量,比色法测定血糖、肌酐、尿素氮、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)和尿酸(UA)。结果EH组血浆ADMA浓度[(0.029±0.010)mmol/L]显著高于对照组[(0.023±0.010)mmol/L,P<0.05]。两组间血浆L-Arg、HDL-C、TC、TG、UA浓度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。血浆ADMA、L-Arg浓度与患者年龄、HDL-C、TC、TG、UA浓度无相关性(P>0.05)。结论EH患者血浆ADMA浓度升高。     

血液透析患者血浆不对称性二甲基精氨酸与颈动脉粥样硬化关系的研究

目的探讨血液透析(HD)患者血浆不对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)浓度与颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测2006年1月至2007年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院肾内科透析中心HD患者69例和年龄匹配的健康对照35名血浆ADMA浓度;彩色多普勒超声检测患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)及粥样硬化斑块情况,同时测定血流动力学参数。将HD患者分为颈动脉正常组、IMT增厚组和颈动脉斑块组后,并进行相关性分析。结果 HD患者血浆ADMA浓度[(1.17±0.38)μmol/L]明显高于对照组[(0.42±0.15)μmol/L]。颈动脉斑块组血浆ADMA浓度明显高于IMT增厚组和颈动脉正常组,分别为(1.53±0.48)μmol/L、(1.21±0.35)μmol/L和(1.07±0.42)μmol/L(P0.05)。HD患者平均IMT值、颈动脉粥样斑块检出率和颈总动脉血流动力学指标均明显高于年龄匹配的对照组(P0.05)。多因素逐步回归分析显示,影响颈总动脉IMT的因素按影响程度依次为血浆ADMA、年龄、透析时间和总胆固醇(TC)。结论 HD患者动脉粥样硬化病变与血浆ADMA浓度有关,HD患者血浆ADMA在颈动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展中起重要作用。     

血浆内脏脂肪素水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化程度的相关性

目的 研究血浆内脏脂肪素水平是否与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度存在相关性.方法 62名患者接受冠状动脉造影检查,按造影结果 分为对照组13例和冠状动脉硬化组49例,并采用Gensini积分系统评估冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度,将冠状动脉粥样硬化组患者分为轻度和重度冠状动脉粥样硬化组二个亚组.ELISA法检测各组血浆内脏脂肪素水平,比色法检测血脂水平.结果 与对照组比较,冠状动脉粥样硬化组血浆内脏脂肪素水平显著升高;重度冠状动脉粥样硬化组血浆内脏脂肪素水平显著高于轻度冠状动脉粥样硬化组;血浆内脏脂肪素水平与冠状动脉Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.359;P<0.01).结论 血浆内脏脂肪素水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度相关,提示内脏脂肪素可能参与了冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生发展.     

原发性高血压患者血浆非对称性二甲基精氨酸浓度升高

背景 非对称性二甲基精氨酸是一种内源性一氧化氮(NO)合成酶抑制剂,可以抑制NO的生成,影响血管内皮功能.目的 探讨原发性高血压患者血浆非对称性二甲基精氮酸(ADMA)浓度的变化及可能意义.方法 选取经冠状动脉造影检查排除冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病且无糖尿病的住院病人56例,其中原发性高血压(EH)患者30例,对照组(26例)为血压正常并无高血压史患者.通过高效液相色谱联合质谱法(HPLC)测定各患者的血浆ADMA、L精氨酸(L-Arg)含量,比色法测定血糖、肌酐、尿素氮、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)和尿酸(UA).结果 EH组血浆ADMA浓度[(0.029±0.010)mmol/L]显著高于对照组[(0.023±0.010)mmol/L,P＜0.05].两组间血浆L-Arg、HDL-C、TC、TG、UA浓度比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).血浆ADMA、L-Arg浓度与患者年龄、HDL-C、TC、TG、UA浓度无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 EH患者血浆ADMA浓度升高.     

非对性性二甲基精氨酸及循环内皮祖细胞与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性

目的 探讨冠心病患者非对称性二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）及循环内皮祖细胞（EPC）与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法 80例冠心病患者均经选择性冠状动脉造影证实有明显的冠状动脉狭窄；50例对照者经选择性冠状动脉造影排除冠状动脉狭窄。根据病变程度分组，测定各组患者血浆ADMA水平；采集研究对象外周血进行EPC的分离培养；7～10天后倒置相差显微镜下计数细胞克隆形成单位（CFU）评估循环EPC数量。结果 冠心病单支及多支病变组血浆ADMA水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05和P<0.01），且多支病变组较单支病变组ADMA水平增高（P<0.05）；冠状动脉病变Gensini积分≥60分组、31～59分组和≤30分组血浆ADMA水平均明显高于对照组；随着Gensini积分及病变支数的增加，血浆ADMA水平明显上升（P<0.05和P<0.01）。冠心病组中单支及多支病变组循环EPC数量明显低于对照组（P<0.05和P<0.01）；冠状动脉病变Gensini积分三个分组中循环EPC数量明显低于对照组（P<0.01）。随着Gensini积分及病变支数的增加，EPC数量明显下降（P<0.05和P<0.01）。冠状动脉病变Gensini积分与血浆ADMA水平呈正相关（r0.365，P0.027），与循环EPC数量呈负相关（r－0.16，P0.015）；血浆ADMA水平与循环EPC数量呈负相关（P<0.01）。结论 随着冠状动脉病变程度的增加，体内ADMA水平逐渐增加，而EPC数量逐渐减少，冠心病的发生与ADMA的蓄积及EPC的减少相关。体内实验进一步证实ADMA可能通过抑制EPC的功能影响内皮再生化。     

冠心病患者血浆结合珠蛋白的检测及临床意义

目的检测冠心病患者血浆结合珠蛋白(Hp)水平的变化、探讨其与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性和临床意义。方法经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者175例,非冠心病患者作为对照组121例。采用Gensini冠状动脉评分系统(Gensini积分)对冠状动脉的狭窄程度进行分组,根据积分将患者分为:积分50分组,积分≥5090组,积分≥90组三个亚组。检测患者血浆结合珠蛋白浓度,比较冠心病组与对照组,冠心病亚组间血浆结合珠蛋白的差异及冠脉严重程度与血浆结合珠蛋白的相关性。结果冠心病组与对照组血浆结合珠蛋白浓度分别为70.93±42.71、95.07±52.92mg/L,冠心病组的血浆结合珠蛋白浓度明显高于对照组(P0.05)。冠心病亚组间血浆结合珠蛋白浓度分别为88.57±51.96、105.73±59.555、97.96±44.04mg/L,均高于对照组,但组间比较无明显差异(P=0.269)。结论冠心病患者血浆中结合珠蛋白浓度明显升高,提示血浆结合珠蛋白与冠心病的发生可能有关,但本研究未发现冠状动脉病变的严重程度与血浆结合珠蛋白浓度有相关性。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Echocardiography in the Emergency Department: From the Perspective of the Emergency Physician and the Cardiologist

Echocardiography performed in the emergency department must adapt to this new setting for noninvasive diagnostic testing. Emergency physicians require echocardiography to provide rapid diagnosis in life-threatening emergencies. New initiatives are being proposed by emergency physicians in the delivery of this test. Cardiologists now use echocardiography in the emergency-department to make the diagnosis of heart disease earlier and with greater accuracy.