生理性大视杯眼随访研究

目的探讨生理性大视杯随时间推移,有无形态学变化.方法对200只生理性大视杯眼进行随访,每间隔3个月随访1次,每眼至少随访12个月以上.随访项目包括,各视乳头参数、眼压、视野、眼轴长度以及屈光度等.结果符合上述随访要求的有148只生理性大视杯眼,平均随访16个月.发现视杯面积(P＜0.05),杯盘面积比、视杯容积、盘沿容积、平均视杯深度、最大视杯深度、轮廓线高度变化、平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度、视网膜神经纤维层横截面积均变大(P＜0.01);盘沿面积变小(P＜0.05);视盘面积、杯形测量无显著性变化.眼压值变小(P＜0.01),视野MS变大、MD变小(P＜0.01),眼轴变长(P＜0.01),近视加深(P＜0.01).结论经随访,生理性大视杯形态结构参数有一定变化,但无青光眼性神经损害.     

盘沿面积,视杯面积与视盘面积对比原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断的意义

将原发性开角型青光眼３４例４９眼和正常对照组１２例２３眼的ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ和ＣＡ／ＤＡ进行比较，检测结果显示：正常对照组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．７５±０．００５，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．２６±０．００４，开角型青光眼早期组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．５８±０．０６８，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．４８±０．００８，开角型青光眼中晚期组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．２７±０．０１２，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．７４±０．１０９。两组相比均有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００     

盘沿面积、视杯面积与视盘面积比对原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断的意义

将原发性开角型青光眼３４例４９眼和正常对照组１２例２３眼的ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ和ＣＡ／ＤＡ进行比较，检测结果显示：正常对照组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．７５±０．００５，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．２６±０．００４，开角型青光眼早期组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．５８±０．０６８，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．４８±０．００８，开角型青光眼中晚期组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．２７±０．０１２，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．７４±０．１０９。两组相比均有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１），认为ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ、ＣＡ／ＤＡ均可做为原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断的重要客观指标。     

OCT检测Bruch 膜开口-盘沿最小宽度在鉴别原发性开角型青光眼及生理性大视杯中的应用

目的 探讨通过Bruch膜开口-盘沿最小宽度（Bruch’s membrane opening-minimal rim width, BMO-MRW）鉴别原发性开角型青光眼与生理性大视杯的价值。设计 诊断技术评价。研究对象 2018年4-5月北京同仁医院频域相干光断层扫描（spectral domain optic coherence tomography, SD-OCT）检查的正常人56例（93眼）、生理性大视杯32例（38眼）及原发性开角型青光眼55例（89眼）。方法 SD-OCT进行视盘星状扫描,BMO-MRW定义为Bruch膜开口到内界膜的最短距离（μm）,使用海德堡固有软件分别测量12个象限上BMO-MRW值,并进一步分为上方、颞侧、下方及鼻侧进行分析。主要指标 ROC曲线下面积。结果 原发性开角型青光眼组上方（181.5±71.2）、颞侧（133.8±55.0）、下方（178.9±71.7）及鼻侧（180.9±78.4）的BMO-MRW显著小于正常对照组及生理性大视杯组（P均<0.001）,生理性大视杯组各个象限的BMO-MRW显著小于正常对照组（P<0.001）。受试者工作特征曲线显示下方、上方、鼻侧及颞侧的BMO-MRW对生理性大视杯及原发性开角型青光眼的鉴别具有较高的准确性（P<0.001）,曲线下面积分别为0.91±0.03,0.84±0.04,0.79±0.04及0.72±0.05。结论 BMO-MRW可做为评估和鉴别生理性大视杯与原发性开角型青光眼的一种重要的临床参数。     

应用HRT-Ⅱ对生理性大视杯与青光眼及正常人视盘参数比较

目的 应用海得堡视网膜断层扫描仪(HRT—Ⅱ)探讨正常人及屈光不正C／D大于正常者与闭角型青光眼视乳头结构参数的差异。方法 应用HRT—Ⅱ对屈光不正C／D大于正常者(30例60眼)，正常人(100例200眼)，确诊为闭角型青光眼(30例60眼)进行HRT—Ⅱ检查，获得视乳头平均地形图和视乳头各结构参数进行比较分析。结果 将三组参数进行比较，显示视盘、视杯和缘的面积，平均杯的深度和最大杯的深度，差异具有显著性。正常人平均纤维层厚度，C／D大于正常者与闭角型青光眼有显著差异，而前二者间无显著差异。结论 应用HRT—Ⅱ通过随访可为生理性大视杯者排除青光眼。     

屈光度、年龄、视盘面积对生理性大视杯各视盘参数的影响

目的用HRT探讨屈光度、年龄、视盘面积对生理性大视杯各视盘参数的影响。方法用Heidelberg视网膜断层扫描仪对100例生理性大视杯的200只眼的视乳头进行断层扫描获得视乳头结构参数:视盘面积(DA)、视杯面积(CA)、杯盘面积比(CDR)、盘沿面积(RA)、视杯容积(CV)、盘沿容积(RV)、平均视杯深度(MeCD)、最大视杯深度(MxCD)、杯形测量(CSM)、轮廓线高度变化(HVC)、平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度(mRNFLt)、视网膜神经纤维层横截面积(RNFLcsa)、标准参考平面高度(RH)等。随访至少1年以上,用多元线性回归分析方法分析屈光度、年龄、视盘面积对各项视盘参数的影响。结果生理性大视杯视乳头的RA、RV、mRNFLt、RNFLcsa与近视呈正相关,CA、CDR与近视呈负相关(P<0.01)。RA、RV与年龄呈正相关(P<0.01),CA(P<0.01),CDR、CV与年龄呈负相关(P<0.05)。DA大者,CA、CDR、RA、CV、RV相应也大,mRNFLt减小(P<0.01)。结论用HRT获得的生理性大视杯的视乳头结构参数有其特点,CA、CDR、CV与近视、年龄呈负相关、RA、RV与年龄呈正相关。MeCD、MxCD不受屈光度、年龄及视盘面积的影响。     

生理性大视杯合并高眼压症1例

生理性大视杯和高眼压在临床上并不少见,但两者合并出现的例子较罕见。我们遇１例,随访７年,现报道如下。     

HRT-Ⅱ和OCT3检测视网膜神经纤维层厚度在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的应用

目的:探讨海德堡激光眼底扫描仪(HRT-Ⅱ)和光学相干断层扫描仪(OCT3)检测视网膜神经纤维层厚度(retinal nerve fiberlayer,RNFL)在青光眼早期诊断中的价值.方法:可疑开角型青光眼(suspected open angle glaucoma,SOAG)48例、原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)55例与年龄相匹配的正常人43例.采用Oculus-Easyfield视野计flied视野计、HRT-Ⅱ和OCT3分别进行视野、视盘形态和视网膜神经纤维层厚度的检测.选用HRT-Ⅱ所测视盘参数中的平均mRNFL、截面面积RNFLA和OCT3所测的mRNFL做比较分析.测的平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度(RNFL)做分析比较.采用方差分析,对HRT-Ⅱ和OCT3检测3组间的参数进行两两比较;对HRT-Ⅱ视盘参数中的mRNFL,RNFLA和OCT3所测的mRNFL厚度及各自与视野平均缺损值(mean defect,MD)做相关分析.结果:HRT-Ⅱ视盘参数中的mRNFL,RNFLA及OCT3所测的mRNFL均存在显性差异(P＜0.05);在POAG组,HRT-Ⅱ的mRNFL,RNFLA及OCT3所测的mRNFL显著性相关(P＜0.05),且与视野平均缺损值(MD)有不同程度的相关.结论:HRT-Ⅱ和OCT3均能够区分青光眼的不同状态.HRT-Ⅱ所测mRNFL,RNFLA与OCT3所测的mRNFL有较好的相关性且均与视野平均缺损值相关.     

原发性开角型青光眼共焦扫描激光多普勒视网膜血流图

目的:探讨原发性开角型青光眼血流动力学障碍机制.方法:应用共焦扫描激光多普勒视网膜血流图对91例173眼原发性开角型青光眼的视乳头和视网膜的血流进行了检测.结果:视乳头平均血容量、流量和红细胞移动速率分别是105.47±47.42,3231.07±1486.06,8.39±2.82;筛板处平均血容量、流量和红细胞移动速率分别是7.88±4.64,122.17±84.07,0.44±0.28;盘沿处平均血容量、流量和红细胞移动速率分别是18.48±14.20,478.18±437.88,1.56±1.17;盘缘外视网膜平均血容量、流量和红细胞移动速率分别是14.15±6.04,268.48±138.50,0.95±0.46;视网膜平均血容量、流量和红细胞移动速率分别是18.09±6.56,352.45±189.63,1.24±0.60;血管、筛板和视网膜的血容量、流速和红细胞移动速率和正常眼比较都有明显下降.结论:原发性开角型青光眼存在着血流动力学障碍.     

HRT-Ⅱ对可疑青光眼和原发性开角型青光眼患者的诊断分析

目的 评价海德堡激光眼底扫描仪(HRT-Ⅱ)对临床可疑青光眼和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者的诊断能力.方法 入选临床医生诊断为可疑青光眼患者119人和POAG患者56人,以眼底立体像为诊断的金标准,重新分组为正常眼组和青光眼组.利用HRT-Ⅱ检测各象限盘沿形态,对比两组之间的关系.并且分别评价临床医师诊断、HRT-Ⅱ的Moorfield判别函数、刘杏等建立的判别函数、结合动态反射图的综合分析对于青光眼的诊断价值.结果 共有162人入选,其中正常人109人211只眼,POAG53人62只眼.正常眼和POAG患眼的参数视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、盘沿容积、平均视杯深度、平均RNFL厚度、视杯形态测量、视杯高度变异轮廓、垂直杯/盘比等的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且HRT-Ⅱ可以有效地发现RNFL缺损,与眼底立体像对RNFL缺损的检出一致率为71%.临床医师的青光眼诊断的敏感性是62.9%,Kappa值为0.414.HRT-Ⅱ的Moorfield判定诊断青光眼敏感性、特异性分别是74.2%、53.6%,Kappa值为0.466,与眼底立体像的一致程度一般.HRT-Ⅱ对青光眼的综合诊断的敏感性、特异性分别是87.1%和92.4%,Kappa值为0.796,与眼底立体像的一致程度较好.刘杏等建立判别函数的受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积为0.834,敏感性和特异性分别为90.3%、61.1%.结论 HRT-Ⅱ可以有效区分临床诊断为可疑青光眼的正常眼组和POAG患眼,结合HRT动态反射图进行的综合分析对于青光眼的诊断的敏感性、特异性较好,与眼底立体像的一致性较高,而普通门诊医师对青光眼诊断的准确性较差.     

青光眼视乳头地形图积分诊断模式研究

目的:对正常人与原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)视乳头地形图参数进行比较,建立POAG视乳头地形图积分诊断模式并进行诊断。方法:对116例(116只眼)正常、63例(99只眼)连续性POAG患者和42例(75只眼)早期POAG患者进行海德堡视网膜断层扫描(Heidelberg Retina Tomograph,HRT)检查,进行视乳头地形图参数的比较:根据青光眼和正常人视乳头地形图参数分布的50％、95％和99％分布范围,分别记积分-4、-3、-2、-1、1、2、3、4分,以积分总和为变量进行诊断分析,以95％的特异性分别作出正常人和青光眼的肯定诊断,对不能作出肯定诊断的患者视为可疑青光眼。结果:正常人与青光眼患者视乳头地形图各参数具有显著性差异;运用积分诊断法,对连续病例POAG与正常资料进行判断的漏诊率为6.1％,误诊率为5.2％,确诊率为57.6％,疑诊率为36.4％;对早期青光眼与正常人资料进行的漏诊率为10.7％,误诊率为5.2％,确诊率为36％,疑诊率为53.3％。结论:正常人与青光眼患者的视乳头地形图参数具有明显差异,运用积分法可将受检人群分...     

Phacotrabeculectomy in Treatment of Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma

Purpose To evaluate the surgical outcome of combined phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy (phacotrabeculectomy) in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) or primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods The records of 57 consecutive patients (65 eyes) with PACG or POAG that were treated with phacotrabeculectomy were reviewed retrospectively. There were 31 eyes with PACG and 34 with POAG. The mean follow-up period was 21.0 ± 8.3 months. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, and complications were evaluated.Results The mean IOP and the number of glaucoma medications decreased significantly after phacotrabeculectomy in both groups. The mean IOP reduction was significantly greater in eyes with PACG (P < 0.05). The absolute success rates were 87.1% and 70.6% in PACG and POAG, respectively. The difference in the success rates was not significant (P = 0.297). The early postoperative complication rates were similar in both groups.Conclusions Phacotrabeculectomy results in greater IOP reduction in eyes with PACG than in those with POAG, but the overall success rates were not significantly different. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:408–411 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004     

Dynamic Ranges of Retinal Nerve Fiber and Optic Nerve Head Parameters Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma: A Longitudinal Study

PurposeTo evaluate the dynamic range of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in conditions ranging from nonglaucomatous status to advanced glaucoma by longitudinal observation.MethodsA total of 15 eyes from 12 participants with glaucoma progression from a nonglaucomatous status to advanced glaucoma were included. The RNFL and ONH parameters were compared between the nonglaucomatous and advanced stages within the same eye. The absolute and relative changes in OCT parameters were analyzed.ResultsThe median highest intraocular pressure was 42.5 mmHg (interquartile range, 37.5 to 54.5 mmHg), and the final mean deviation of the visual field test was −24.68 dB (interquartile range, −23.93 to −31.13 dB). The median relative changes in RNFL thickness were −40.6% in the overall area, and −51.9%, −21.4%, −51.1%, and −41.8% in the superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal quadrants, respectively (all p < 0.05). Relative changes in the rim area, disc area, average cup to disc ratio, vertical cup to disc ratio, and cup volume were −56.64%, 0.59%, 62.10%, 66.0%, and 337.90%, respectively (all p < 0.05, except for disc area with a p-value of 0.753).ConclusionsThe dynamic range of the RNFL thickness ranged from 40.6% to 51.9%, and the dynamic range of the ONH parameters ranged from 56.64% to 337.90%. During the course of glaucoma progression, the cup volume showed the widest dynamic range. However, the disc area did not show significant changes.     

Detecting the Progression of Normal Tension Glaucoma: A Comparison of Perimetry,Optic Coherence Tomography,and Heidelberg Retinal Tomography

Purpose

We compared the abilities of Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT), Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) to detect the progression of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in patients whose eyes displayed localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect enlargements.

Methods

One hundred four NTG patients were selected who met the selection criteria: a localized RNFL defect visible on red-free fundus photography, a minimum of five years of follow-up, and a minimum of five reliable SAP, Stratus OCT and HRT tests. Tests which detected progression at any visit during the 5-year follow-up were identified, and patients were further classified according to the state of the glaucoma using the mean deviation (MD) of SAP. For each test, the overall rates of change were calculated for parameters that differed significantly between patients with and without NTG progression.

Results

Forty-seven (45%) out of 104 eyes displayed progression that could be detected by red-free fundus photography. Progression was detected in 27 (57%) eyes using SAP, 19 (40%) eyes using OCT, and 17 (36%) eyes using HRT. In early NTG, SAP detected progression in 44% of eyes, and this increased to 70% in advanced NTG. In contrast, OCT and HRT detected progression in 50 and 7% of eyes during early NTG, but only 30 and 0% of eyes in advanced NTG, respectively. Among several parameters, the rates of change that differed significantly between patients with and without progression were the MD of SAP (p = 0.013), and the inferior RNFL thickness (p = 0.041) and average RNFL thickness (p = 0.032) determined by OCT.

Conclusions

SAP had a higher detection rate of NTG progression than other tests, especially in patients with advanced glaucoma, when we defined progression as the enlargement of a localized RNFL defect. The rates of change of the MD of SAP, inferior RNFL thickness, and average RNFL thickness differed between NTG patients with and without progression.     

非穿透小梁手术与小梁切除术治疗原发性开角型青光眼的比较

目的 比较非穿透小梁手术和小梁切除术两种手术方法的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析32例双眼药物难以控制的原发性开角型青光眼患者的临床资料,所有患者的一眼行非穿透小梁手术,另一眼行小梁切除术,术前、术后1d、1周、1、3、6、12、18、24个月作眼压、裂隙灯检查.结果 在整个随访期间,2种手术方法均能降低眼压,与术前相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).但术后24个月,小梁切除术组的眼压控制比非穿透小梁手术组更理想(P=0.030);小梁切除术组术后弥漫扁平或薄壁、多囊状的功能型滤过泡更多见(P=0.046);浅前房、白内障发展的发生率高于非穿透小梁手术组(P=0.023和0.037).结论 在控制眼压方面,非穿透小梁手术与小梁切除术的早、中期效果相当,但后者的长期效果优于前者;非穿透小梁手术的术后并发症发生率低于小梁切除术.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2007,7:96～98)     

原发性开角型青光眼的血液流变学测定

测定了30例原发性开角型青光眼病人的血液流变学指标,并选用30例相匹配的健康人作为对照组。测定结果:青光眼组的血液流变学各项指标均较正常对照组有显著性升高(P<0.05～P<0.001)。说明血液流变学因素参与了青光眼的发病机理,是青光眼发病的潜在性因素,具有高血粘度的个体,应作为青光眼追踪观察的重点对象。