The simple technique of skinfold measurement using established standard methods is the most practical for use in the field to obtain an estimate of fatness or caloric overnutrition. The current need is for the establishment of “norms” for skinfolds for population groups of all ages and both sexes. When these are established, excellent simple criteria for overnutrition will be available.
Prior to the establishment of norms, more work is needed to indicate which skinfolds for each age group and for each sex best reflect total body fatness. Body fatness may then be studied in relation to body weight and both may be related to morbidity, mortality and longevity. Finally, the answer may be obtained to the question whether it is overweight per se or overfatness that is related to excess morbidity and mortality.
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下载免费PDF全文 The CSF isotope studies were shown to be a valuable adjunct to clinical examination and pneumoencephalography in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. This was especially true in suspected cases of “normal”-pressure hydrocephalus where there may be considerable uncertainty as to which patients with normal pressure and enlarged ventricles will benefit from a shunting procedure. The CSF isotope study provides useful information to the clinician in differentiating patients with symptomatic hydrocephalus from the larger group with dementia, cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus ex vacuo.
相似文献Over-all, it was estimated that only 63.8% would be alive by one year post-fracture. This is 70% of the survival rate expected in the general population of corresponding age and sex. The period of greatest mortality was within the first 12 weeks. Patients surviving to one year could be considered “cured”, for after that their survivorship was at least as favourable as that of the “normal” population.
Mortality was greatest in males in those 75 years of age and over and especially in patients who were relatively immobilized prior to their fracture. In this “dependent” group the relative survival ratio at one year was only 38%.
相似文献The incidence of abnormal chylomicra, beta and pre-beta lipoproteins was similar in both sexes and increased with age in both sexes.
Chylomicron bands and/or pre-beta trails from the origin occurred in 4% of subjects, pre-beta bands in 27% and “abnormally” dense beta bands in 28%.
Five per cent of subjects were considered to have definite hyperlipoproteinemia, another 19% had slight and 21% had questionable hyperlipoproteinemia. Fifty-five per cent were normal.
相似文献 下载免费PDF全文 The prevalence rate of ventricular septal defect in elementary school children varied betwen 0.44 and 0.48 per 1000 in four successive years of study. The rate of “probable” ventricular septal defect varied between 0.27 and 0.37 per 1000 children.
相似文献 下载免费PDF全文 On the basis of comparative albumin and iodohippurate renograms, the initial uptake can no longer be considered as a vascular phase, as previously believed.
The iodohippurate-I131 renogram is a useful adjunct in the investigation of hypertension and renal disease, providing information about each kidney not so readily obtained by other means. Nevertheless, the test does not supplant any other investigative procedure and should not be depended upon as a screening procedure.
相似文献Renal vascularity, decreased on the side of acute ureteral obstruction, returns to normal with the relief of the obstruction.
The use of the vascular nephrogram as a screening test for renovascular hypertension is illustrated and discussed.
相似文献Though some forms of delirium have distinctive features, the fundamental phenomena are common to all, with clouding of consciousness the sine qua non. The condition has two major components: (1) the basic “acute brain syndrome” and (2) associated release phenomena.
Clinicians must first make the vital differentiation between delirium and “functional” mental disorder, then proceed with the elucidation of the underlying diagnosis and the concurrent organization of symptomatic and etiologic treatment.
Proper treatment combines management of the acute brain syndrome with general and specific procedures for control of the underlying condition. Dealing with the symptom-complex itself involves the principles and practice of sedation, hydration, and nutrition, nursing care and supportive measures. Provided the basic organic condition is treatable, the prognosis today is usually good.
相似文献Values for boys and girls were similar up to 12 years of age. For adult women from 18 to 84 years the mean value was 13.0 g. per 100 ml. (95% confidence limits 10.8-15.2 g.); for pregnant women 19 to 44 years the mean value was 12.2 g. per 100 ml. (9.7-14.6 g.). For men aged 17 to 24 years the mean value was 15.0 g. per 100 ml. (12.8-17.3 g.); 25-49 years 14.6 g. per 100 ml. (12.4-16.9 g.); 50-69 years 14.3 g. per 100 ml. (11.8-16.8 g.). It is noteworthy that for the most part the mean values were slightly lower than those frequently quoted as “normal” and that the mean values, particularly for the male, were lower with increasing age.
相似文献 下载免费PDF全文 The standard parameters of calcium transport were measured and, as well, a new parameter, calcium accretion to the fixed bone pool. These studies were carried out on 13 subjects, six of whom were selected “normals” and seven were patients with osteoporosis. Calcium accretion to the fixed bone pool, the new index of bone formation, varied from 100 to 210 mg. of calcium daily in normal subjects and from 70 to 340 mg./day in patients with osteoporosis. These values are one-third of those for the accretion to the total bone pool, the previously reported bone formation rate.
相似文献 下载免费PDF全文 Between June 1971 and April 1972, 503 patients were admitted to the study, 146 with cancer of the colon or rectum. Discrimination between colo-rectal cancer and “other” diagnoses was good at 2.5 ng./ml. or more, such a result being obtained in 66% of the patients with colo-rectal cancer in the local laboratories and 62% in the reference laboratory compared with 39% and 33% respectively of patients with “other” diagnoses. Patients with Duke's C lesions of the colon or rectum were more likely to have raised CEA levels than patients with more localized lesions. CEA was also more commonly found in patients with other cancers and in patients with liver disease than in patients with other (benign) diagnoses.
It is concluded that the test can be reproduced in other laboratories and that it or another simplified technique could become an important diagnostic aid for colo-rectal cancer.
相似文献Indications for use of x-ray pelvimetry in obstetrics, the technique employed, the various types of female pelvis and the relation of these to the course of labour are considered. Pelvimetry findings are compared with the eventual outcome of labour in women with suspected cephalopelvic disproportion. It is emphasized that the pelvic assessment should be made jointly by the radiologist and obstetrician.
相似文献The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, though a peak may be reached at 75 years. The risk of developing a tumour of advanced clinical stage at presentation apparently increases with age. Local recurrence rates and mortality rates are similar at all ages. It is concluded that the therapy required is similar in all age groups.
The increased risk of developing breast cancer in “never married” women is in the postmenopausal period. Survival rates and the distribution of the various presenting clinical stages are similar in both single and married patients.
Though ageing and marital status have an initiating effect on breast cancer, they do not have a continuing effect on the established disease.
相似文献 下载免费PDF全文 Evaluations made by the schools concerning the acceptability of the Canadian applicants disclosed that 55 applicants who rated as “acceptable” by one or more schools failed to gain admission to any medical school in 1966-67 (as compared to 36 in 1965-66). However, of those applicants who did find a place 76 were evaluated as “marginal” or “unacceptable”, while another 126 were rated as “acceptable” by one school but “marginal” and/or “acceptable” by one or more other schools.
These results were interpreted to imply that the Canadian medical schools were still experiencing difficulty in attracting well-qualified applicants for study in medicine.
相似文献Of 1367 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (reinfection type), 357 (26.1%) had “far advanced” disease and 613 (44.8%) had “moderately advanced” disease.
This high percentage of patients with “moderately advanced” to “far advanced” disease at the time of diagnosis constitutes the real challenge to physicians in private practice, who made the diagnosis in 45% of cases.
Emergence of resistant strains of bacteria increases the urgency of prompt diagnosis and treatment. The most vulnerable population segment is the 15-30 year age-group, many of whom are negative intracutaneous reactors. A high index of suspicion is necessary, particularly in certain segments of the population with a high incidence of infection, combined with a careful history, meticulous physical examination, intracutaneous tests, chest and other radiographs, and appropriate bacteriological studies.
相似文献Boys considerably outnumbered girls, the average age was 7.5 months, and in 56% the admission diagnosis was “bronchiolitis”. Cough and difficulty in breathing were the most common presenting complaints and “pneumonia” the most common radiological diagnosis. Nearly half the patients also harboured accepted disease-causing bacterial pathogens. All the patients recovered and have remained well.
The appearance of the virus in Montreal was seasonal, beginning in late autumn and terminating in early spring.
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