DXA、QCT和SPA方法测量47例绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的比较

以骨密度测量应用最广的３种方法（ＤＸＡ─双能ｘ线吸收法，ＱＣＴ─定量ＣＴ法和ＳＰＡ─单光子吸收法）测量绝经后妇女的骨矿密度，比较其测量值、诊断结果和相关关系。首先用ＳＰＡ法测量绝经后妇女１８１例，诊断骨质疏松（ＯＰ）４７例。三种方法测量骨矿密度的均值分别低于峰值骨量的Ｍ─２ｓ的９％、２１．４％和２１％，且ＤＸＡ和ＱＣＴ两种方法测量的均值都在骨折阈值范围内。ＤＸＡ和ＱＣＴ诊断４７例ＯＰ之间无显著性差异，当排除椎骨骨质增生后的ｘ２＝０．２３７，且ＤＸＡ和ＱＣＴ测量值之间为正相关，ｒ＝０．７９９，而ＤＸＡ、ＱＣＴ和ＳＰＡ之间的相关系数，ｒ＝０．１８５和０．２８５，ＤＸＡ诊断ＯＰ的敏感性为８６．６％，特异性为７０％。     

双能X线和单光子吸收法及定量超声诊断骨质疏松症的比较

了解三种方法诊断骨质疏松症（ＯＰ）之间的关系。方法应用双能Ｘ线吸收法（ＤＸＡ）和单光子吸收法（ＳＰＡ）及定量超声（ＱＵＳ），同时随机测量２９４例受试者腰椎后前位和侧位、左侧髓部和前臂骨矿密度（ＢＭＤ）及右侧胫骨超声速度（ＳＯＳ）。结果ＤＸＡ和ＳＰＡ测量桡骨ＯＰ的检出率分别为２５．９％和２１．４％，ＤＸＡ测量腰椎后前位、侧位、侧位兴趣区、Ｗａｒｄ’ｓ区和股骨颈ＯＰ检出率分别为１６．０％、２２．８％、２６．２％、１９．４％和４．４２％，ＱＵＳ的ＯＰ检出率为１７．７％。三种方法及不同部位之间的测量结果呈显著相关（ｒ＝０．４９４～０．９６７，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＤＸＡ测量前臂１／３处ＢＭＤ显著高于ＳＰＡ。诊断ＯＰ的齐同率ＤＸＡ各部位相互之间平均为４０．１％±１５．５％，ＤＸＡ与ＳＰＡ平均为４８．４％±１９．０％，ＱＵＳ与ＤＸＡ和ＳＰＡ平均为３８．８％±１０．２％，各平均值之间无显著差异。结论ＯＰ的检出率取决于受检部位，腰椎侧位兴趣区和挠骨是检出率最高的部位，股骨颈和尺骨是最低的部位。ＳＰＡ与ＤＸＡ测量前臂ＢＭＤ高度相关，诊断结果无显著性差别。     

绝经后女性类风湿性关节炎患者腰椎和股骨近端骨密度测量

为了观察绝经后女性类风湿性关节炎（ＲＡ）患者骨矿物质密度水平的变化，采用双能Ｘ线骨密度仪（ＤＥＸＡ）测量２３例绝经后女性ＲＡ患者和年龄、性别匹配的２３例正常健康者的腰椎２～４（Ｌ２～Ｌ４）和右侧股骨近端（股骨颈、大转子和Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ三角区）的骨密度（ＢＭＤ）。结果表明，绝经后女性ＲＡ患者Ｌ２～Ｌ４、右侧股骨近端的ＢＭＤ测量值（ｇ／ｃｍ２）明显低于年龄和性别匹配的正常健康者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。绝经后女性ＲＡ患者Ｌ２～Ｌ４骨密度的Ｚ－ｓｃｏｒｅ与糖皮质激素用药时间呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．５８，Ｐ＝０．００３，ｎ＝２３）。提示绝经后女性ＲＡ患者存在明显的骨质丢失。     

双能X线吸收法及定量CT法诊断骨质疏松症的比较研究

本研究比较了双能Ｘ线吸法（ＤＸＡ）与定量ＣＴ（ＱＣＴ）在骨质疏松症诊断中的应用。对５６例健康妇女（Ｈ组）及４８例骨折后骨质疏松妇女（ＯＰ组）进行了ＤＸＡ及ＱＣＴ测量。ＤＸＡ与ＱＣＴ在Ｈ、ＯＰ组均显著相关（ｒ＝０．７５，Ｐ＜０．０００１，ｒ＝０．５８，Ｐ＜０．０００１）。Ｈ组及ＯＰ组，随年龄增长的骨减少率，ＱＣＴ较ＤＸＡ法为高。而两组中骨密度的差别，ＱＣＴ较ＤＸＡ法更大（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论；由于ＱＣＴ可以选择性测量椎体松质骨，故可较ＤＸＡ更能很好地区分健康人与骨质疏松病人。     

上海地区正常人群胫骨定量超声骨量的分布及临床应用研究

目的　胫骨定量超声测量（ＱＵＳ）的临床意义研究及与ＤＥＸＡ 法的比较。方法　对４５８ 名社区健康志愿者人群（年龄２０～７９ 岁）进行胫骨定量超声骨量（ＱＵＳ）的测量研究。结果　ＳＯＳ值在男、女性中,均在３０～３９ 岁达到峰值,女性在５０ 岁以后ＳＯＳ值急剧下降,同时伴随着身高缩短,男性人群在５０ 岁以后的ＳＯＳ值仍维持在较高的水平,从而使男、女性在５０ 岁以后显示出明显的性别差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。在绝经后妇女中,胫骨ＳＯＳ值与年龄和绝经年限均呈明显的负相关,其中绝经对骨密度值的下降起着重要作用。此外,胫骨ＳＯＳ值与腰椎骨密度值中度相关（ｒ＝ ０．５０,Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论　胫骨定量超声声速的测量,能很好地反映健康人群的骨量变化情况,对开展人群的普查普防,以早期诊断骨质疏松症和预测骨折的危险性,有应用潜力。     

DEXA、QUS在绝经后骨质疏松脊柱骨折诊断中的应用与探讨

目的 探讨对比绝经后骨质疏松患ＤＥＸＡ与ＱＵＳ测量对骨质疏松脊椎骨折的预测能力。方法：应用双能Ｘ线骨密度仪（ＤＥＸＡ,Ｌｕｎａｒ,ＤＰＸ－ＩＱ）和超声骨强度仪（ＱＵＳ,Ｓｕｍｌｉｇｈｔ Ｏｍ－ｎｉｓｅｎｓｅ,Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ）对４９例绝经后骨质疏松脊柱骨折患脊柱、股骨近端和桡骨、戏骨进行测定、比较。结果 ４９例患ＤＥＸＡ腰椎ＢＭＤ－Ｔ值为－２．９９±１．４３,股骨近端ＢＭＤ－Ｔ值为－１．９５     

肾功能和原发性高血压与骨质疏松的关系

对１４８例原发性高血压（ＥＨ）病人进行了肾功能、骨矿物测量及血Ｃａ、Ｐ、ＡＬＰ、Ｓｃｒ、及尿Ｃｃｒ、Ｃａ、Ｐ的检测，同时与正常人进行对照研究。结果：ＥＨ组尿Ｃａ排泄量、血ＰＴＨ高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＥＨ组血Ｃａ、Ｐ、ＡＬＰ、Ｓｃｒ、尿Ｃｃｒ、Ｐ排泄量与对照组比较无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＥＨ组ＢＭＣ、ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ值低于正常对照组，并且ＢＭＣ、ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ值与尿Ｃａ排泄量、血ＰＴＨ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．２１３，Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＥＨ组ＯＰ的发生率为２０．９％，其中男性２０．６％，女性为２１．３％，男、女之间无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）     

辽宁绝经妇女骨密度与绝经年限、体重关系研究

目的　研究绝经年限、体重对辽宁地区绝经后女性不同部位骨密度的影响。方法　测定共９６ 例绝经后妇女腰椎（Ｌ２～４）、股骨颈（Ｎｅｃｋ）、大转子（Ｔｒｏｃｈ）、Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区的ＢＭＤ,同时测定了血ＡＬＰ、血尿钙、肌肝（Ｃｒ）等指标,分析其相互关系。结果　１． 绝经后妇女各部位的ＢＭＤ 不同。２．Ｌ２～４的ＢＭＤ与体重（Ｗ ）、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。与绝经年限的自然对数（ＰＦＮＬ）、ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。３．Ｎｅｃｋ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。４．Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ 呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ及ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。５． 大转子区骨密度与体重、血小板、转氨酶呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论　体重、绝经年限、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ、血小板及血ＡＬＰ能影响骨密度。     

糖尿病患者定量超声骨量分布的研究

本文对１６７例糖尿病（ＤＭ）患者进行了定量超声骨量（ＱＵＳ）研究。结果表明，ＤＭ患者ＳＯＳ、ＳＤ值均显著低于健康对照组（ｐ＜０．０１），且ＩＤＤＭ患者的ＳＯＳ峰值比ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的ＳＯＳ峰值低（ｐ＜０．０５），表明ＤＭ患者伴有不同程度骨钙、磷代谢异常，最终导致骨质疏松症（ＯＰ）。结果还显示，女性ＤＭ患者低于男性患者ＳＯＳ、ＳＤ（ｐ＜０．０５），表明女性ＤＭ患者更易受多种因素的影响，导致骨矿含量明显降低。因此对ＤＭ患者应同时服用治疗ＯＰ的药物。     

别嘌呤醇对体外循环期间氧自由基及内毒素的影响

选取瓣膜置换术患者２２例分为两组；Ａ组（ｎ＝１０）术前３天口服ＡＬＬＯ每天１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ／；Ｂ组（ｎ＝１２）为对照组。结果表明 Ｂ组血 ＬＰＯ和 ＵＡ在 ＣＰＢ期间均明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）和（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ａ组血ＬＰＯ和ＵＡ也升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），但却显著低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；同时Ｂ组血ＬＰＳ含量在开放主动脉及其后１０’明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．００１），而Ａ组血ＬＰＳ含量在ＣＰＢ期间无明显升高。提示ＣＰＢ期间ＯＦＲ及ＬＰＳ含量均升高，ＡＬＬＯ可抑制二者的上升。     

Use of quantitative ultrasound to assess bone status in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study.

Periarticular osteoporosis around inflammed joints and generalized osteoporosis have been shown to be markers of disease activity and severity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Bone mineral density (BMD) in adults can be assessed precisely by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), but this technique has not been used widely in children. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) may provide an alternative method for assessment of bone status. The aim of this pilot study was to compare QUS to DXA in assessing generalized osteoporosis in a cohort of patients JIA. Twenty-two Caucasian children (15 females, 7 males) with JIA of duration 19-142 months (mean 71 mo) and age 7-17 yr were recruited. Total body and lumbar spine BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by DXA using standard procedures on a Lunar DPX-L scanner. QUS was performed using Myriad SoundScan 2000. Speed of sound (SOS) was measured at the right midtibia. The DXA results were compared to QUS using linear regression analysis. Spine and total body BMD measured by DXA correlated significantly with tibia SOS (spine: r = 0.57, p < 0.007; total body: r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Spine BMC was similarly related to SOS as BMD (r = 0.58, p < 0.007). Individual patient weight and height were strong predictors of BMD, but only moderate predictors of SOS. The mean spine BMD was lower in the JIA patients compared to the normal ranges (mean Z-score of -1.19). BMD Z-scores were negatively associated with disease duration. Patients taking steroids were associated with lower Z-scores. In conclusion, SOS shows a significant correlation with BMD as measured by DXA, albeit with wide 95% confidence intervals in this small pilot study. QUS was also well tolerated and was technically easy to perform in these children. With the added advantage that it is free from radiation risk, further assessment of this potentially valuable tool for measuring bone status in children is warranted.     

重庆市区中老年人跟骨定量超声测定分析

目的通过对重庆市区中老年人进行跟骨定量超声测定,分析重庆市区中老年人骨质疏松现状,为该病的防治提供依据和借鉴。方法采用SONOST2000型定量超声仪对855例中老年人右跟骨宽波段超声衰减(BUA)、超声速度(SOS)、骨量指数(BQI)、T值(T-Score)进行检测。结果受检中老年人群骨质疏松发生率约为41．1％,其中女性(58．4％)明显高于男性(33．9％, P<0．01);随着年龄增长,骨质疏松发生率明显增高(P=0．001);女性各项跟骨定量超声测定参数均显著低于老年男性(P<0．01);各项参数随年龄增长而显著减低(BUA:P=0．04,其余P< 0．01)。结论增龄和女性是老年人骨质疏松的重要危险因素,跟骨定量超声检测可以作为骨质疏松人群防治的有效筛选手段。     

Age-Specific Values and Cutoff Levels for the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis in Quantitative Ultrasound Measurements at the Calcaneus with SAHARA in Healthy Japanese Women: Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Study

To establish the reference values of the quantitative ultrasound (QUS) indices in healthy Japanese women and to propose a diagnostic criterion for osteoporosis by means of the QUS indices, 659 healthy women aged 20-79 years recruited from a larger cohort study (JPOS study), were examined for bone mass measurements by QUS at the calcaneus (SAHARA, Hologic Inc., USA) and by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the spine, hip, and distal forearm. We presented 10-year age-specific mean values and T-scores of the QUS indices. The pattern of decrease in the T-score appeared to be linear in the QUS indices and total hip BMD but not in BMD at the spine. The T-score of the QUS of indices of the subjects in their 70s were significantly higher than that of BMD at the spine. The prevalence rates of osteoporosis in the subjects aged 50 and older diagnosed by QUS (8.7% for SOS, 10.7% for BUA) were similar to that diagnosed by total hip BMD (11.5%) and significantly lower than that by the spine BMD (36.1%) when the WHO criteria were applied. We performed receiver-operating characteristic analysis to set a cutoff level of the QUS indices for the diagnosis of osteoporosis to accurately identify the subjects diagnosed by either the spine or total hip BMD. The highest likelihood ratios for SOS and BUA were obtained at the cutoff levels of 1,517.7 m/sec (T-score: -1.58) with the sensitivity of 0.65 and the specificity of 0.65 and 59.5 dB/MHz (T-score: -1.52) with 0.66 and 0.69, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of QUS indices for osteoporosis was not superior to that of age. However, the QUS indices showed a significant contribution to forming the diagnosis of osteoporosis independently of age and body size in multivariate diagnostic models developed by the logistic regression analysis. Therefore, the cutoff values presented in this study may be used as a tentative criterion until the cutoff levels for the QUS indices are set according to the fracture risk.     

DXA测量BMD与超声测量SOS的比较

目的　本文通过对同一个人的跟骨超声声速(SOS)测量与双能X线吸收法测量腰2-4,股骨近端骨密度(BMD)的临床对比来评价超声骨密度仪测量跟骨的SOS对诊断骨质疏松症的敏感性和与DXA测量BMD的相关性。方法　对523名8～87岁健康人群同时采用DXA测量L2-4,股骨近端(Neck,Ward三角,Troch)BMD和超声骨密度仪测量左跟骨SOS值并进行相关分析。对1006名3～87岁健康人群测量左右跟骨的SOS值。结果　SOS与DXA测量BMD的骨峰值(PBM)均出现在20～39岁,SOS的PBM男性为(1542.83±27.44)m/s,女性为(1531.02±29.96)m/s。40岁以后随着年龄的增加,二者均逐渐下降。健康成人中BMD与SOS的相关系数为0.3～0.6,骨质疏松患者BMD与SOS的相关系数(r=0.16～0.39)较健康人(r=0.33～0.61)低。左右足跟SOS无显著差异,DXA的BMD与SOS诊断骨质疏松症(OP)的符合率为60%。结论　DXA测量BMD与超声SOS为中等相关。建议在单独使用超声骨密度仪测量SOS来诊断OP时,应当参照临床症状和X线的检查全面考虑,以免造成漏诊或误诊。     

中老年骨折妇女超声骨质测量中参数分析

目的　用定量超声骨质测量仪对中老年妇女骨折病人检测 ,探讨其参数的意义 ,为骨质疏松性骨折的诊断、防治提供科学依据。方法　用法国DMS公司UBIS 50 0 0型超声骨密度 /骨质量测量仪测量 74例 41岁以上中老年妇女骨折病人的骨质 ,并与 2 1 8例同龄健康妇女作对照。结果　 61岁以前 2组宽波段超声衰减平均值 (BUA)比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5)、而 61岁以后则有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 ) ;51岁以前 2组超声传播速度 (SOS)值比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5)、而 51岁以后则有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 ) ;在绝经后早期 (51～ 60岁 ) 2组比较 ,BUA值差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5)而SOS值则已有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　定量超声骨质测量仪不仅可以提供骨量的指标 ,而且可以对骨结构进行评估 ,无辐射、成本低廉、操作方便 ,在骨质疏松性骨折的早期预测、早期诊断和及时防治中具有重要意义     

Prediction of bone strength of distal forearm using radius bone mineral density and phalangeal speed of sound

This investigation compares quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement of the phalanges with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of the forearm, to estimate the strength of the distal radius in 13 cadaveric forearms. The cadavers were scanned at the distal radius by pQCT and DXA for bone mineral density (BMD) and at the approximate phalanges by QUS for speed of sound (SOS). The distal radii were subjected to a simulated Colles fracture produced with a materials testing machine. The load at which the distal radius was fractured was considered as a representation of bone strength. The bone strength correlated significantly with SOS at different phalanges (r = 0.63-0.72), BMD at different regions of interest by DXA (r = 0.67-0.75), and cortical BMD at different sites by pQCT (r = 0.61-0.67). Standard stepwise regression analysis showed that adding phalangeal SOS into forearm densitometric variables significantly enhanced the statistical power for prediction of the strength of the distal radius. Our results suggest that, for assessment of site-specific distal forearm strength, QUS measurement of the phalanges is comparable to forearm densitometry. Phalangeal QUS may add clinical value if distal forearm strength has a high priority.     

昆明玉溪市7~20岁超声及单光子骨密度调查分析

目的了解玉溪市7～20岁在校学生定量超声(QUS)及单光子(SPA)骨密度(BMD)状况,为建立相应群体超声骨密度及单光子骨密度正常参考范围提供数据源并比较二者异同。方法选择7～20岁玉溪市范围内正常学生1020例为检测对象,用定量超声骨密度仪及单光子骨密度仪测定受检者足跟部及前臂桡骨骨密度值。结果 7～20岁QUS及SPA BMD检测结果线性相关(女生:F=0.9507,P<0.05;男生:F=0.9672,P<0.05)。7～12岁学生QUS及SPA BMD在男女之间,上下一岁之间无统计学差异,男生BMD稍高于女生,但这种差别不具统计学意义(P>0.05),二者均呈匀速缓慢增加态势。12～13岁时,女生因月经来潮,BMD有一个快速增长期,并反超男生。14～16岁时,男女生QUS及SPA BMD呈缓慢上升态势,女生QUS BMD甚至在14岁时出现负增长。16岁后女生BMD随着雌激素的快速增加而增高,但与男生相比未及男生增高迅速,男生SPA及QUS BMD分别于17岁及18岁时超过女生。结论 7～20岁学生QUS及SPA法测定的BMD具有极显著相关性(P<0.01),证明超声骨密度完全可以替代传统的单光子骨密度,适用于基层医院及下乡骨密度普查。两种方法测定骨密度的整体水平有显著性差异(P<0.05),故诊断骨质疏松参考标准不能混用及结果也无法进行比较。由于12～13岁、16岁时女生较其他年龄组有显著性差异(P<0.05),两种方法均需单独建立该年龄段参考标准,其余年龄段则可根据各地调查面大小,做适当组别合并以减少T值计算负担,提高工作效率。     

Relationship Among MRTA, DXA, and QUS Revisited

Inexpensive, commercially produced devices that directly measure bone strength in vivo are not currently available. Mechanical response tissue analysis (MRTA), a unique prototype device, is an in vivo vibrational test that measures transverse bending stiffness (a measure of whole bone strength expressed as the product of estimated Young's modulus of elasticity and cross-sectional moment of inertia, EI, Nm2) at ulna midshaft. We compared speed of sound (SOS; [m/s]) in ulna cortical bone using a commercially available axial transmission quantitative ultrasound (QUS) device with EI using MRTA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to provide an estimate of ulna size (cm2), bone mineral content (BMC; [g/cm]) and areal bone mineral density (BMD; [g/cm2]). The objective of the study was to determine if ulna SOS--alone or in combination with BMD from DXA--was correlated with ulna EI, thus becoming a surrogate measure of transverse bending stiffness, and thus whole bone strength. Data were collected from 138 female volunteers (18-86 yr). EI and SOS were significantly correlated, r = +0.218, p = 0.01, but r2 was very low, 4.8%. SOS and total ulna BMD were combined to estimate elastic modulus, which correlated with EI, r = +0.377, p < 0.0001; however, the correlation was not significantly better than with SOS alone. We conclude that axial transmission QUS is not a strong surrogate in vivo technique for estimating transverse bending stiffness.     

Contact Quantitative Ultrasound: An Evaluation of Precision, Fracture Discrimination, Age-Related Bone Loss and Applicability of the WHO Criteria

The aim of this study was to assess a dry calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) device by examining: (i) short- and long-term precision; (ii) the ability of the ultrasound parameters to identify women with vertebral fractures; (iii) age- and menopause-related bone loss; (iv) applicability of the WHO criteria in scan interpretation. The study group consisted of 422 healthy women with no risk factors associated with osteoporosis (227 premenopausal and 195 postmenopausal) and 93 women with one or more vertebral fractures. All women had calcaneal QUS and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the lumbar spine and hip performed. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) measurements in the heel were combined and expressed as estimated heel BMD. Short-term precision studies yielded coefficient of variations of 0.3% for SOS, 4% for BUA and 3.3% for estimated heel BMD. Standardized short-term precision values were approximately 0.2 SD. Long-term standardized precision errors ranged from 0.17 to 0.38 SD. All the QUS and BMD measurement parameters showed significant negative relationships with age in the postmenopausal group. Annual losses were 0.35 dB/MHz per year for BUA, 0.56 m/s per year for SOS and 0.002 g/cm² per year for estimated heel BMD. All the QUS and BMD parameters were able to discriminate between healthy postmenopausal women and women with vertebral fracture. Age-adjusted odds ratios for each SD decline in QUS measurements were 3.63, 5.25 and 4.79 for BUA, SOS and estimated heel BMD respectively. Corresponding odds ratios for BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were 2.39, 2.51 and 2.95 respectively. When the QUS and BMD parameters were expressed as T-scores, estimated heel BMD showed the least age-related decline, while femoral neck BMD displayed the greatest decrease with age. The mean T-score and prevalence of osteoporosis (T<−2.5) for a Caucasian woman aged 60–65 years were −1.35 and 21% respectively for the lumbar spine compared with −0.59 and 2% for estimated heel BMD. In conclusion, this study revealed that contact ultrasound can detect age- and menopause-related influences on bone status and was able to discriminate between healthy individuals and women with vertebral fracture. However, the widely accepted threshold of a T-score of less than −2.5 for the definition of osteoporosis may need modifying for the interpretation of QUS scans. Received: 8 February 1999 / Accepted: 5 May 1999     

跟骨定量超声法评价正常女性骨丢失和骨质疏松患病率

目的　评价正常女性跟骨超声随增龄骨量丢失及骨质疏松患病率。方法　用定量超声法测定了 2 72例正常女性右跟骨宽带超声衰减 (BUA) ,超声声速 (SOS)及骨硬度指数 (STI)。结果女性跟骨峰值骨量出现在 30～ 39岁。 5 0～ 84岁 3组与峰值组以及两两之间比较 ,差异均有显著性(P <0 0 1)。老年组骨质丢失率和骨质疏松患病率分别为 2 6 %～ 37%和 4 2 %～ 6 9%。在各个年龄组中 ,STI丢失率最高 ;STI和BUA骨质疏松检出率相近 ,均大于SOS。结论　跟骨超声的 3项指标均可用于区分绝经前、后的妇女 ;STI检测骨量丢失和OP患病率最敏感