超声造影在胰腺癌可切除性评估中的价值

目的 利用超声造影检查了解胰腺癌侵犯周围血管的情况,探讨术前超声造影对胰腺肿瘤可切除性的评估价值。方法 收集45例术前超声造影检查资料完整且经术后病理学检查证实为胰腺癌患者的临床资料。回顾并记录术前超声造影检查显示的胰周大血管受侵犯情况、根据分型标准对肿块可切除性（根治性或姑息性手术）的评价结果以及最终手术方式选择情况,分析术前超声造影评估胰腺癌肿块可切除性的阳性和阴性预测值以及敏感性和特异性。结果 术前超声造影检查显示,45例患者共67条胰周大血管受侵,其中腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肠系膜上静脉、肝总动脉的受侵率分别为31.1%、22.7%、22.2%和22.2%。术前超声造影评估可切除肿块20例,实际切除（根治性手术）17例,阳性预测值85.0%;评估不可切除肿块25例,实际未切除（姑息性手术）20例,阴性预测值80.0%（20/25）;判断肿瘤可切除性的敏感性和特异性分别为77.3%和86.9%。结论 超声造影可较为准确地反映胰周大血管受侵犯情况,对于胰腺癌术前可切除性评估具有一定的参考价值。     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描在胰腺癌诊断中的应用

目的研究螺旋CT胰腺期、门脉期双期增强扫描在胰腺癌诊断和胰腺周围血管侵犯及正确评估手术切除可行性的价值。方法对22例行螺旋CT双期增强扫描胰腺癌CT征象,以及胰腺周围血管的受侵情况进行分析,并与手术结果比较。结果延时35 s进行胰腺期扫描能清晰显示胰腺及胰周血管改变,22例胰腺癌均表现为较明显的低密度灶,其中胰周血管中断4例,包绕4例,部分包绕2例,术前认为可以切除13例,术中切除11例。结论螺旋CT胰腺期增强扫描能清晰地显示胰腺癌,并有利于胰腺癌周围血管侵犯和可切除性的评估。     

多层螺旋CT双期扫描对胰腺癌的诊断价值及术前评估

目的LCT表现,评价多层螺旋CT双期扫描的诊断价值及手术可切除性的评估。方法顾分析25例胰腺癌的多层螺旋CT双期扫描图像资料,分析肿瘤的部位、大小、强化特征和胰周血管是否受侵等,并与手术结果对照。结果胰腺癌灶在胰腺期较实质期强化程度低,病灶与正常胰腺组织间密度差别大,病变显示清晰;与手术结果对比,多层螺旋CT双期扫描对胰周动脉受侵评价的准确度为88%,对胰周静脉受侵评价的准确度为80%。结论螺旋CT双期扫描可清晰显示胰腺肿瘤的部位、范围、强化特征和胰周血管,对胰腺癌的诊断有重要价值,有助于术前治疗方案的选择和可切除性的评估。     

超声造影在胰腺癌可切除性评估中的价值

目的 利用超声造影检查了解胰腺癌侵犯周围血管的情况,探讨术前超声造影对胰腺肿瘤可切除性的评估价值.方法 收集45例术前超声造影检查资料完整且经术后病理学检查证实为胰腺癌患者的临床资料.回顾并记录术前超声造影检查显示的胰周大血管受侵犯情况、根据分型标准对肿块可切除性（根治性或姑息性手术）的评价结果以及最终手术方式选择情况,分析术前超声造影评估胰腺癌肿块可切除性的阳性和阴性预测值以及敏感性和特异性.结果 术前超声造影检查显示,45例患者共67条胰周大血管受侵,其中腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肠系膜上静脉、肝总动脉的受侵率分别为31.1%、22.7%、22.2%和22.2%.术前超声造影评估可切除肿块20例,实际切除（根治性手术）17例,阳性预测值85.0%;评估不可切除肿块25例,实际未切除（姑息性手术）20例,阴性预测值80.0%（20/25）;判断肿瘤可切除性的敏感性和特异性分别为77.3%和86.9%.结论 超声造影可较为准确地     

64排螺旋CT诊断胰腺癌及胰周血管的价值

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT对胰腺癌的诊断及胰周血管侵犯的判断的价值.方法 21例经手术或病理证实的胰腺癌患者病灶各期强化特点及血管受侵的情况,并与手术记录对照.结果 21例胰腺癌均表现为胰腺肿块,平扫为等密度或等低混合密度病灶,增强后呈相对不均匀强化,境界模糊,以胰腺实质期显示最明显,17例CT发现血管受侵犯病例中,15例与手术探查相符.4例CT未发现血管受侵犯病例中,2例手术证实有血管受侵.结论 64排螺旋CT可以清晰显示胰腺癌肿块,在三期增强造影中,可评估胰腺血管是否受侵犯,是目前一种理想的检查方法 .     

多排螺旋CT三期增强扫描诊断胰腺导管腺癌血管侵袭的价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(MDCT)三期增强扫描诊断胰腺导管腺癌侵袭胰腺周围血管的价值。方法回顾性分析82例胰腺导管腺癌的MDCT三期增强及后处理图像资料和临床资料,分析胰腺癌胰周动脉和静脉入侵的MDCT征象,并与手术病理诊断结果相对照,获得MDCT判定不可切除肿瘤的阳性预测值。结果 492例胰周大血管有157例受到肿瘤侵袭,其中动脉受侵64例,静脉受侵93例。有39%的受侵静脉(36/93)被肿瘤包绕大于1/2血管周长,而有97%(60/64)的受侵动脉被肿瘤包绕大于1/2血管周长甚至被肿瘤包埋(χ2=12.85,p0.05)。有67%(62/93)的受侵静脉有血管狭窄或闭塞,而受侵动脉只有35%(26/64)(χ2=9.62,p0.05)。有70%(65/93)的受侵静脉管壁呈不规则状,受侵动脉管壁不规则只有42%(13/64)(χ2=10.78,p0.05)。MDCT判定可切除肿瘤为21例,不可切除肿瘤为61例,不可切除性的阳性预测值为98%。结论 MDCT三期动态增强扫描可较好的对胰腺导管腺癌侵袭胰腺周围大血管进行诊断,并能较准确的评估肿瘤是否可以切除。     

16层螺旋CT多期增强扫描对胰腺癌侵犯胰周血管的评估

目的 研究16层螺旋CT多期增强扫描评估胰腺癌侵犯胰周血管的价值.方法 对20例胰腺癌患者进行16层螺旋CT多期增强扫描和三维血管重建,结合源图像比较正常胰腺组织与肿瘤组织在各项增强中的强化程度,评价胰腺癌对胰周血管的侵犯情况,与术中所见对照.结果 16层螺旋CT多期增强扫描能清晰地显示胰腺癌的各种表现及胰周血管,以动脉晚期显示最佳,20例发现80支胰周血管受侵犯,表现为血管被肿瘤包绕或受压移位,管腔狭窄或闭塞,管壁浸润,CT评估肿瘤可切除准确度75%,不可切除准确度90%.结论 16层螺旋CT多期增强扫描在诊断胰腺癌、术前分期以及肿瘤可切除性的评估中具有很高的应用价值.     

64排胰周血管CTA在胰腺癌诊断价值的分析

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT对胰腺癌的诊断及胰周血管侵犯的判断的价值。方法 21例经手术或病理证实的胰腺癌患者病灶各期强化特点及血管受侵的情况,并与手术记录对照。结果 21例胰腺癌均表现为胰腺肿块,平扫为等密度或等低混合密度病灶,增强后呈相对不均匀强化,境界模糊,以胰腺实质期显示最明显,17例CT发现血管受侵犯病例中,15例与手术探查相符。4例CT未发现血管受侵犯病例中,2例手术证实有血管受侵。结论 64排螺旋CT可以清晰显示胰腺癌肿块,在三期增强造影中,可评估胰腺血管是否受侵犯,是目前一种理想的检查方法。     

MDCT三期增强扫描在胰腺癌诊断及临床中的应用价值

目的评价MDCT三期增强扫描在胰腺癌诊断及临床中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析26例经病理证实的胰腺癌患者的MDCT资料并进行分析。结果26例胰腺癌病例中,位于胰头者18例,胰体者5例,胰尾者3例。肿块直径3～6cm22例、1～3cm4例;动脉期扫描有不均匀轻度强化,伴有胰管和胆管扩张、胆总管阻塞24例、合并胰腺囊肿2例、肿瘤侵及血管15例、胰周脂肪受侵20例、腹膜后淋巴结转移16例。结论MDCT三期增强扫描在胰腺癌诊断及临床分期中有重要应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT胰周血管成像对胰腺癌可切除性评估的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT胰周血管成像对胰腺癌可切除性评估的应用情况。方法分析重庆市合川区人民医院2010年2月~2014年3月收治的60例胰腺癌患者临床资料,均采用螺旋CT扫描与手术对照。观察胰腺血管侵犯Loyer分型、胰腺周围主要动脉和静脉受侵犯分级情况。结果螺旋CT评估胰腺血管侵犯Loyer分型可切除血管206支,不可切除血管74支;螺旋CT评估胰腺周围主要动脉受侵犯分级可切除动脉157支,不可切除11支;螺旋CT评估胰腺周围主要静脉受侵犯分级可切除静脉69支,不可切除43支;螺旋CT评估Loyer分型可切除准确率为71.0%(199/280),血管受侵犯分级可切除准确率为77.8%(218/280)。结论多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌血管侵犯的可切除性评估中起着重要的补充作用,在胰腺癌血管侵犯多层螺旋CT评估中对动、静脉评判标准要有所区别,才能提高评估的准确性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.