玻璃体手术联合人工晶体植入治疗经选择的复杂眼外伤103例

目的：观察累及眼球前后节的复杂外伤患者施行玻璃体手术联合人工晶体植入的视力效果。方法：对１０３例（１０４只眼）复杂眼外伤经一次玻璃体手术联合人工晶体植入的病例进行回顾性研究。结果：本组眼内异物３５例,眼球穿通伤３７例,无眼内异物的爆炸伤９例（１０只眼）,眼球钝挫伤２２例。除３例儿童视力不能检查外,在１００例１０１只眼中,手术前视力为无光感～指数的８８只眼（８７．１％）;手术后９４只眼（９３．１％）     

白内障超声乳化和玻璃体切割及人工晶体植入联合手术的疗效观察

目的观察白内障超声乳化和玻璃体切割及人工晶体植入联合手术的疗效。方法用超声乳化和玻璃切除以及人工晶体植入联合手术的方法治疗6例角膜穿通伤伴白内障球内异物及玻璃体积血、8例老年性白内障伴玻璃体积血。随访6个月。结果术后视力达0．5以上者5例（35．7％），0．3～0．4者6例（42．9％），0．1者2例（4．12％），术后未发生手术源性并发性。结论这种三联或四联手术具有安全性和有效性，为一期治疗这类复杂性、多样性眼疾开辟了一种新的方法。     

玻璃体切除联合眼内异物摘出术的临床分析

目的 探讨玻璃体切除联合眼内异物摘出的手术时机和手术方法。方法 对经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除联合眼内异物摘出术30例（30眼）进行回顾性分析。结果 本组30例（30眼）眼内异物均一次手术摘出，其中27例采用经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除取出异物；1例锯齿缘附近磁性大异物，经玻璃体切割后，从巩膜切口用磁铁将异物吸出；1例锯齿缘巨大非磁性异物，行晶体摘除后经角膜缘切口取出。本组病例术后视力改善19眼（63．3％），无变化6眼（20％），视力下降5眼（16．7％）。早期视力下降的原因与术后角膜水肿，视网膜出血，玻璃体混浊、玻璃体腔内填充物等因素有关。术后有3例（3眼，1％）发生视网膜脱离，其中1例行巩膜扣带术＋玻璃体切除＋晶体切除＋冷凝＋注气术后治愈，1例放弃治疗；1例因眼球萎缩行眼球摘出。结论 对穿通伤口小且已自行闭合者、穿通伤口已缝合但角膜透明不影响观察者和有化脓性眼内炎征象者均应尽早手术。对于＜35岁晶体已混浊者，建议采取玻璃体切割切除晶体和眼内异物摘出同时进行，术中应尽量保留晶体前囊膜，以利于人工晶体植入。对位于周边部的非磁性异物，虹膜后粘连瞳孔无法扩大者建议术中切除晶体，以扩大视野有利于异物的寻找取出和病变玻璃体的切除。对巩膜裂伤伴球内异物存留的患者，建议玻璃体切除的同时行巩膜扣带术以降低视网膜脱离的风险。     

晶体玻璃体切除联合球内异物取出及人工晶体植入术

对２１例２２只眼球内异物伴外伤性白内障、玻璃体混浊病人一次手术行晶体玻璃体切除联合球内异物取出及人工晶体植入手术。结果：异物全部取出，随访２—１８个月，矫正视力达０．５—１．０者１５只眼占６８．１８％，无严重并发症发生。结论：采用联合手术一次治疗外伤同时累及前后节的病眼，使过去需分次手术治疗的患者能及早恢复视力。本文对采用联合手术的特点、适应征的选择、人工晶体植入方式的选择进行了探讨。     

玻璃体视网膜联合术治疗复杂眼球穿通伤伴眼内异物

目的：探讨玻璃体视网膜联合术治疗复杂眼球穿通伤伴眼内异物的疗效。方法：应用玻璃体切割术、眼内异物取出术、外伤性白内障摘除术、眼内光凝、眼内充填术,部分病例结合巩膜外加压术等玻璃体视网膜手术治疗复杂眼球穿通伤伴眼内异物41只眼。结果：41只眼异物均一次手术取出,术后视力高于术前者36只眼（87．80％）,等于术前者4只眼（9．76％）,下降者1只眼（2．44％）。3个月至3年随访期间,无一便发生复发性视网膜脱离。结论：复杂眼于穿通伤伴眼内异物常导致眼内多种组织的严重损伤。玻璃体切割、异物取出等联合手术是准确、安全、有效的治疗方法,可挽救患者一定视功能。     

后路人工晶体植入术

报告14例后路人工晶体植入术。其中眼内异物外伤性白内障4例；角巩膜穿通伤外伤性白内障4例；眼球钝挫伤晶体半脱位1例；眼球破裂伤晶体脱失1例；青光眼滤过性手术后并发性白内障2例；后发障2例。术后随访6～16月，13例视力明显提高，1例术后1．5月发生视网膜脱离。作者认为该手术对常规手术无法植入人工晶体的病例来说，是一个很好的方法。     

复合性眼内异物伤的联合手术

目的：探讨复合性眼内异物伤的各种联合手术方法。统计其结果。方法：对眼内异物伤伴有角膜瘢痕,外伤性白内障,玻璃体浑浊,PVR,牵引性视网膜裂孔,视网膜脱离或和眼内炎等,分别进行异物出与晶状体切除,玻璃体切除,视网膜复位,人工晶状体植入,角膜移植等三联,四联或五联手术,术后随访观察,统计效果。结果：复合性磁性及非磁性眼内异物伤45例（45眼）其中36例（80％）术后视力达0．5－1．0,术后视力达0．0542例（93．33％）,结论：合并晶状体,玻璃体,视网膜或／及角膜外伤的复合性眼内异物伤,进行联合手术是安全的,效果良好,视力恢复尚满意。     

外伤性白内障眼内异物晶状体玻璃体联合手术

目的:分析超声乳化玻璃体切除眼内异物取出人工晶状体植入联合术治疗外伤性白内障眼内异物的疗效。方法:回顾分析13例(13眼)眼球穿通伤外伤性白内障眼内异物患者行超声乳化玻璃体切除眼内异物取出人工晶状体植入联合术的术中,术后并发症及术后最佳矫正视力。术后随访2~12mo。结果:13例患者(男10例,女3例)平均年龄36.8(17~65)岁。所有患者眼内异物均取出。4例术中于玻璃体切除眼内异物取出后植入人工晶状体,5例于联合术后二期植入人工晶状体,4例患者未植入人工晶状体。术后最佳矫正视力为手动~0.8.最佳矫正视力0.5以上者4眼,0·1~0.4者5眼,0.1以下者4眼。术中发生玻璃体出血3例,术后发生视网膜脱离2例,二次手术视网膜复位。结论:超声乳化玻璃体切除人工晶体植入联合术治疗白内障眼内异物伤是安全有效的方法。患者术后的视功能取决于角膜、巩膜和视网膜损伤部位及病变程度。     

儿童角巩膜穿通伤合并外伤性白内障手术治疗53例分析

目的：探讨儿童角巩膜穿通伤合并白内障手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析53例（53眼）儿童角巩膜穿通伤合并白内障手术治疗情况。采用显微镜下角、巩膜穿通伤缝合联合白内障超声乳化或囊外摘除及Ⅰ期后房型人工晶体植入、后囊切开前段玻璃体切除手术治疗,术后随访6~12月。结果视力恢复至0.8者26例（49.06%）,0.7~0.3者25例（47.17%）,0.3者2例（3.87%）;术前、术后视力差异有显著性,P〈0.001。行Ⅰ后囊切开前段玻璃体切除手术可明显降低视轴区后囊混浊发生率。结论儿童角巩膜穿通伤合并白内障行角、巩膜穿通伤缝合联合白内障超声乳化或囊外摘除及Ⅰ期后房型人工晶体植入、后囊切开前段玻璃体切除手术治疗可使患儿获得良好视功能,避免二次手术。     

复杂眼外伤的玻璃体切除联合手术治疗

目的:探讨玻璃体切除联合手术治疗复杂眼外伤的疗效。方法:玻璃体切除联合白内障摘除、人工晶状体Ⅱ期植入、眼内异物摘出、视网膜脱离复位治疗复杂眼外伤26例26眼。结果:术后视力较术前提高者19眼,视力不变者6眼,视力下降者1眼;眼内炎2眼感染控制,眼内异物9眼均一次成功摘出,视网膜脱离成功复位者5眼,眼球萎缩1眼。结论:选择恰当的手术时机,合理的手术方案,对挽救眼球和恢复视功能起着决定性作用。     

Bilateral CNV associated with optic nerve drusen treated with photodynamic therapy with verteporfin

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic nerve drusen (OND) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin. METHODS: A 10-year-old girl with juxtapapillary CNV in the right eye and juxtapapillary and juxtafoveal CNV in the left eye associated with OND underwent PDT with verteporfin in both eyes. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased from 20/160 to 20/25 in the right eye and from 20/1000 to 20/25 in the left eye after two sessions of PDT and 2 years of follow-up. CNV showed no leakage after two PDT sessions in both eyes and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Subfoveal CNV is an uncommon complication of OND and excellent anatomic and functional results can be obtained with PDT.     

合并成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性渗出性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性。方法 对53例前房内出现成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAUPE）患者及61例前房内无成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAU）患者进行HLA-B27的检测,并结合临床表现加以分析。结果 成型性渗出的AAUPE患者的HLA-B27阳性率为100％,而无成型性渗出的AAU患者的HLA-B27阳性率仅为50.8％。二者有显著差异性（P<0.01）。两组HLA-B27阳性的病人强直性脊柱炎发生率分别为50.0％和42.9％。结论 结果进一步证实了HLA-B27与成型性渗出密切相关的论点。提示检测AAU患者HLA-B27的阳性率,发现成型性渗出裂隙灯检查似与血清法检测同样准确。     

Levodopa-carbidopa with occlusion in older children with amblyopia

PURPOSE: To study the role of levodopa-carbidopa in supplementing occlusion therapy in older children with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: A clinical study was performed on 40 amblyopic children (19 strabismic and 21 anisometropic), 6 to 18 years old (mean age, 10.9 years). They received an average dose of 1.86 mg/kg/day (1.33-2.36 mg/kg/day) of levodopa and carbidopa (4:1 ratio) or a placebo in 3 divided doses over a 4-week period, combined with full-time occlusion. The occlusion was continued for the study duration of 3 months. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity charts and Cambridge low-contrast gratings for contrast sensitivity (CS) were used to assess visual functions. Tolerance and compliance with occlusion and capsule consumption were assessed. RESULTS: Visual acuity of the nonamblyopic eye did not deteriorate during the study in either group. CS decreased by 22 units in the levodopa group and increased in the placebo group by 53 units at the first month. The CS in the levodopa group recovered later by the third month of follow-up. Both the levodopa and the placebo groups showed significant improvement in visual function in the amblyopic eye (P <.001). Overall changes in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution values and CS in the amblyopic eyes were similar in both groups (P >.05). Strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes did not behave differently. Drug tolerance, occlusion compliance, and capsule ingestion compliance were similar between the groups, with no significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically, levodopa supplementation does not offer any advantage over occlusion alone. Moreover, the risk of occlusion amblyopia could increase with the use of drugs like levodopa that might affect the plasticity of the visual cortex.     

Phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C in patients with uveitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for the management of uveitic complications. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the records of 23 consecutive eyes with chronic noninfectious uveitis (uveitic group) and 43 nonuveitic eyes (control group) that had received primary phacotrabeculectomy. Mitomycin C was used in all the uveitic eyes. Considering the high preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of the uveitic group, nonuveitic eyes that had a preoperative IOP of >or=20 mm Hg or that had been given two or more medications were included in the control group. All patients were followed for at least one year. The main outcome measures were postoperative vision, IOP control, complications, and acute uveitis relapse rates. RESULTS: Visual outcome of the uveitic group was similar to the control group. In the uveitic group, the success rate of IOP control (91.3% at one year, 84.8% at two years) was favorable but was significantly lower than in the control group (P = .0423). Complications were comparable between the groups. Primary surgical failure in the uveitic group was associated with the postoperative acute uveitis attack. In the uveitic group, the acute uveitis attack rate showed no change after surgery (P = .283). CONCLUSION: With adequate inflammation suppression, phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C is an effective and safe therapeutic option for the management of secondary cataract and glaucoma in uveitic eyes. A lower surgical success rate of the uveitic group might be attributable to the postoperative inflammation recurrence.     

Epikeratoplasty with nonlyophilized tissue in children with aphakia

We studied 75 epikeratoplasty procedures using nonlyophilized tissue performed by eight ophthalmic surgeons in 70 eyes (47 patients) to correct for aphakia in children less than 8 years of age (mean age, 3.4 +/- 2.1 years). Of the 47 patients in the study, 24 were girls and 23 were boys; 23 patients had bilateral surgery. Seven of the epigrafts required removal; two were not replaced, and five underwent successful repeat epikeratoplasty. Overall, the success rate (that is, the percentage of epigrafts that remained optically and functionally clear throughout the course of this study) for the epikeratoplasty procedure was 89% (62 of 70 eyes) for initial surgery and 96% (67 of 70 eyes) for repeat surgery. The average spherical equivalent was +14.4 +/- 3.7 diopters preoperatively and +0.3 +/- 2.9 diopters one year after the operation. One year after the final surgical procedure, 42 of 56 eyes (75%) were within 3 diopters of emmetropia. In the 29 verbal patients, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 25 (86.2%) one year after the operation.     

滤过试验结合可拆缝线在小梁切除术中的应用

目的　探讨小梁切除术术中做滤过试验结合可拆缝线的应用对预测和控制术后滤过量及预防浅前房的疗效。方法　对 92例 ( 113眼 )原发性青光眼 ,在小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验结果来决定固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量。术后 1～ 7天 ,抽出可拆缝线。回顾性总结术中缝合种类、数量及术后前房深度、眼压、滤过泡、视野。结果　术中 40眼 ( 3 5 40 % )采用一针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线 ,5 1眼 ( 45 14 % )采用二针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线。术后无一例持续性浅前房。术后第 7天眼压平均 13 5± 3 3 0mmHg。追踪观察 6～ 2 4个月 ,形成功能性滤过泡 89眼( 78 76% ) ,眼压控制 <2 1mmHg 91眼 ( 80 5 3 % ) ,视野不变 98眼 ( 86 73 % )。结论　小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验的结果 ,通过对固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量的选择能有效预测和控制术后滤过量并预防术后浅前房     

超声乳化联合前房角分离治疗伴白内障的青光眼

目的：：观察晶状体超声乳化联合前房角分离术对伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼患者的治疗效果。方法：无并发症伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼50例50眼,施行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术。术后随访3mo,记录并比较术前及术后最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角。各指标均采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,术前及术后3mo的最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角的情况进行比较。结果：术后3 mo的最佳矫正视力较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义( t=8.76, P=0.001);术后3 mo 的眼压为15.63±3.11mmHg,较术前(45.12±5.30mmHg)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=6.27,P=0.000);术后3mo的前房深度为3.57±0.02mm,较术前(1.43±0.25mm)明显加深,差异有统计学意义(t=8.16,P=0.001);术前、术后前房角情况的比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.432,P=0.000;Z=-2.432,P=0.016;Z=-4.379,P=0.000;Z=-4.538, P=0.000)。结论：晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术治疗伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼,能够有效控制眼压,提高视力,是一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

环喷托酯在屈光参差儿童散瞳验光中的应用

目的比较分析1%盐酸环喷托酯与1%阿托品对3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2010年10月~2011年2月在北京同仁医院眼科斜弱视门诊就诊的3~12岁屈光参差儿童40例(80眼)。方法对以上40例患儿按年龄分成3组,即3~6岁组,7~9岁组和10~12岁组。全部患儿均首先用1%盐酸环喷托酯进行散瞳验光,待其瞳孔完全恢复正常(1周后)再行1%阿托品散瞳验光,比较两种方法的验光结果。主要指标屈光值(球镜度数、柱镜度数及轴向)。结果用1%盐酸环喷托酯散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.18 D±4.90 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.16 D,散光轴向:80.50°±38.62°)与用1%阿托品散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.20 D±4.91 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.15 D,散光轴向:80.06°±38.48°)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。在80眼中,球镜值相同或相差≤0.50 D者77眼,符合率为96.25%;柱镜值在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤0.50 D者65眼,符合率为94.20%;散光轴向在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤5°者67眼,符合率为97.10%。三个年龄组间的球镜、柱镜和散光轴向符合率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 1%盐酸环喷托酯可以替代1%阿托品用于3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光,其结果可以作为配镜的依据。