中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠后肢骨骨量和脂质含量的影响

目的 观察中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠后肢骨骨量及脂质含量的影响.方法 40只雌性3月龄SD大鼠按体重随机分为假手术组、去卵巢静止组、去卵巢运动组和雌激素组,每组10只.实验结束时,双能X线骨密度仪检测游离股骨和胫骨的骨密度(BMD)和骨矿物含量(BMC),乙醇/氯仿提取股骨远端及胫骨近端总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG).结果 (1)与假手术组相比,去卵巢静止组大鼠股骨远端(P＜0.05)及胫骨近端(P ＜0.01)BMD和BMC显著下降,而股骨远端Tc(P＜0.05)、TG(P ＜0.01)和胫骨近端TG(P＜0.01)显著升高;(2)与去卵巢静止组相比,去卵巢运动组和雌激素组股骨远端及胫骨近端BMD和BMC显著升高(P＜0.05),去卵巢运动组大鼠股骨远端TG(P ＜0.01)、雌激素组大鼠股骨远端TC(P＜0.05)、TG(P＜0.01)和胫骨近端TG(P＜0.o1)显著降低.结论 中等强度跑台运动能显著抑制去卵巢大鼠后肢骨骨量的减少和脂质含量的增加.     

双能X线吸收法测定大鼠骨量的评价及去卵巢骨丢失敏？…

目的　探讨双能X线吸收法 (DXA)测量大鼠骨密度 (BMD)的精密度和准确度及大鼠去卵巢后骨丢失的敏感区域。方法　用扇形束DXA(QDR45 0 0A)重复测量 16只SD大鼠不同骨胳区域BMD的变异系数 (CV)评价精密度 ;测量 40只大鼠骨矿含量 (BMC)与骨灰重比较评价准确度 ;与假手术组比较测定大鼠去卵巢后不同骨胳区域骨丢失率的变化选择骨丢失敏感区域。结果DXA测量BMD的CV为全身 (0 .71± 0 .44 ) % ,腰椎 (0 .82± 0 .5 3) % ,股骨 (0 .5 2± 0 .2 7) % ,胫骨(0 .81± 0 .11) % ,股骨和胫骨的各亚区 (1.46± 0 .2 6 ) % ;BMC与骨灰重呈高度正相关 (r =0 .984～0 .85 5 ) ,BMC显著低于骨灰重 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;生长期大鼠去卵巢 14周与假手术组BMD比较 ,腰椎(- 7.0 3% )、股骨远端 (- 9.0 3% )和近端 (- 7.49% )及胫骨近端 (- 11.7% )BMD显著减少 ,胫骨远端BMD显著增加 (8.82 % )。结论　DXA测量大鼠骨量是精密和有效的方法 ,胫骨近端干骺端和股骨远端干骺端是大鼠去卵巢后骨丢失最敏感区域。     

中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠全身骨密度和身体成分的影响

目的观察中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠全身骨密度(BMD)和身体成分的影响并进行相关性分析。方法将30只3月龄雌性SD大鼠按体重随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止和去卵巢运动三个组。去卵巢运动组每周进行4次时间45 min、速度18 m/min、坡度5°的跑台训练。正式训练14 w时,采用双能Χ线骨密度仪检测全身BMD和身体成分并进行相关性分析。结果去卵巢静止组体脂含量显著高于假手术组和去卵巢运动组,而瘦体含量和全身BMD显著低于假手术组和去卵巢运动组,各组其他检测指标无显著变化。全身BMD和身体成分相关性分析表明,三组大鼠的全身BMD与瘦体含量均显著正相关;去卵巢静止组和去卵巢运动组大鼠的全身BMD与体重显著正相关。结论瘦体含量可能是影响大鼠全身BMD的重要因素,而中等强度跑台运动减缓去卵巢大鼠骨量丢失的效应可能与其能增加去卵巢大鼠的瘦体含量有关。     

跑台运动训练和停训对去卵巢大鼠胫骨无机矿物质含量的影响

目的观察中等强度跑台运动训练和停训对去卵巢大鼠胫骨无机矿物质含量的影响。方法将60只成年雌性SD大鼠按体重分层后,随机分为假手术组、去卵巢静止组和去卵巢运动组,每组20只。去卵巢运动组进行4次/w,45 min/次,速度18 m/min,跑道倾角5°的跑台训练,持续训练14 w后,将各组大鼠又随机分为两个亚组,分别是:假手术-16和-32 w组、去卵巢静止-16和-32 w组及去卵巢运动和停训组。分别在末次训练36⁴8 h及停训16 w时,腹主动脉取血处死各组大鼠,收集胫骨,称量其湿重、去脂肪干重及煅烧后的灰重。结果训练结束时,去卵巢静止组胫骨湿重/体重、胫骨去脂肪干重/体重及胫骨灰重/体重显著低于假手术组和去卵巢运动组;停训16 w时,去卵巢静止-32 w组胫骨湿重/体重、胫骨去脂肪干重/体重及胫骨灰重/体重显著低于假手术-32 w组,但与停训组差异无显著性。结论一定强度的跑台运动能减缓去卵巢大鼠无机骨矿物质含量的丢失,但此效应在停训16 w后消失。     

雌激素加间断孕激素对去卵巢大鼠模型骨转换生化指标的影响

目的观察雌激素(E)加间断孕激素(P)对双侧卵巢切除(OVX)大鼠模型骨转换生化指标的影响。方法35只雌性大鼠随机分成5组,每组7只。①假手术(Sham)组、②卵巢切除(OVX)组、③卵巢切除 雌激素(OVX E)组、④卵巢切除 孕激素(OVX P)组、⑤卵巢切除 雌激素 孕激素(OVX E P)组。实验10w后处死大鼠,测定股骨重量、骨密度(BMD),检测血清骨钙素(BGP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、钙、磷,同时检测尿钙、羟脯氨酸(HOP)及肌酐(Cr)等指标。结果与Sham组相比:OVX组和OVX P组体重增加、股骨重量和BMD减少(P<0.05),血清BGP、ALP及尿钙、HOP及Cr升高,而OVX E组、OVX E P组股骨重量和BMD、血清BGP、ALP及尿钙、HOP及Cr均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论单用孕激素不能阻止OVX导致的骨吸收及骨量丢失;雌激素 间断孕激素能阻止OVX导致的骨吸收及骨量丢失;孕激素的间断加入没有影响雌激素对OVX大鼠骨代谢的有利作用。     

跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠肱骨无机矿物质含量的影响

目的观察中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠肱骨无机矿物质含量的影响。方法将60只成年雌性SD大鼠按体重随机分为假手术组、去卵巢静止组和去卵巢运动组,每组20只。去卵巢运动组每周进行4次时间45 min、速度18 m/min、跑道倾角5°的跑台训练,持续训练14 w。末次训练24～36 h后或停训16 w时处死各组一半大鼠,比色法测定血清钙磷水平;1/万天平称量肱骨湿重、去脂肪干重以及煅烧后的灰重。结果去卵巢16 w和32 w时,去卵巢静止组肱骨湿重/体重、肱骨去脂肪干重/体重和肱骨灰重/体重均显著低于假手术组(P<0.05);血钙水平的差异只在去卵巢16 w时显著(P<0.05),而血磷水平无显著变化。训练刚结束时,去卵巢运动组肱骨湿重/体重、肱骨去脂肪干重/体重和肱骨灰重/体重显著高于去卵巢静止组(P<0.05,P<0.01),但所有差异在停训16 w时消失;血钙、血磷水平均无显著变化。结论中等强度跑台运动能减缓去卵巢大鼠肱骨无机矿物质含量的丢失。     

长期有氧运动对去卵巢大鼠骨组织中内源性硫化氢生成的影响

目的探讨长期有氧运动对去卵巢大鼠骨组织中内源性硫化氢生成的影响。方法实验分为三组:假手术组,骨质疏松模型组(去卵巢组),去卵巢+运动组(运动组)。运动为跑台运动,持续12 w。结果经过长期有氧运动之后,去卵巢组大鼠股骨骨密度(BMD)和骨矿物质含量明显增加;股骨极限负荷和刚度明显增加,血浆硫化氢水平明显增加;股骨中胱硫醚β合酶和胱硫醚γ分解酶表达水平明显上调;血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量明显降低(均P0.05);3-疏基丙酮酸硫基转移酶变化差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论长期有氧运动增加去卵巢大鼠骨组织中内源性硫化氢的生成,从而减轻氧化应激,最终有助于减轻去卵巢大鼠的骨质丢失。     

柚皮苷联合运动对去势大鼠骨量和骨强度的影响

目的观察柚皮苷（NG）联合中强度跑台运动对去势大鼠骨质疏松模型的治疗效果。方法2月龄雌性SD大鼠80只,用随机数字法分为假手术组（SHAM）、去势组（OVX）、去势＋不同浓度（40、100、200 mg/kg）柚皮苷组（OVX＋NG）、去势＋跑台＋柚皮苷组（OVX＋EX＋NG）、去势＋跑台组（OVX＋EX）、雌激素组（OVX＋E2）,每组10只。大鼠切除卵巢2个月后开始给药,给药60 d后观察各组大鼠股骨骨密度（BMD）,Micro-CT参数,血清生化指标及及股骨力学性能与组织学改变。结果柚皮苷与跑台运动干预60 d后,OVX＋EX＋NG组大鼠股骨颈力学强度、股骨BMD、BV/TV、Tb.N、Tb.Th等均高于单纯去势组（P〈0.05）,OVX＋EX＋NG组治疗效果与柚皮苷浓度呈正相关,以200 mg/kg柚皮苷效果最佳;200 mg/kg柚皮苷联合中强度跑台运动可进一步提高治疗效果。OVX＋NG组大鼠血清骨钙素升高,Ⅰ型胶原C端肽（CTX-1）降低;OVX＋EX组大鼠骨钙素与CTX-1均降低;OVX＋EX＋NG组大鼠骨钙素水平与柚皮苷组（200 mg/kg）无差异,但高于OVX＋EX。OVX＋EX＋NG组CTX-1水平低于单纯柚皮苷组和单纯跑台组（P〈0.05）。结论柚皮苷联合中强度跑台运动可提高去势大鼠股骨BMD,增加骨小梁数目,改善骨代谢指标,提高股骨力学性能。     

选择性雌激素受体调节剂雷洛昔芬阻止去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的机制

目的　了解选择性雌激素受体调节剂雷洛昔芬 (RLX)阻止去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的机制。对骨质疏松症模型大鼠进行雌激素及选择性雌激素受体调节剂类药物RLX治疗 ,观察其对去卵巢大鼠骨组织光镜、电镜及骨密度 (BMD)等各种指标的影响。　方法　用 3月龄雌性SD大鼠 32只 ,随机分为卵巢未切除组、卵巢切除组、雌激素治疗组、RLX治疗组 ,5个月后处死 ,检测股骨、腰椎及全身BMD、子宫重量、骨形态。　结果　卵巢切除组经RLX治疗 3个月后腰椎、股骨、全身BMD增加35 %、4 0 %、2 1% ,分别为 (0 2 5 6± 0 0 2 2 ) g/cm2 、(0 2 93± 0 0 15 ) g/cm2 和 (0 36 8± 0 0 2 5 ) g/cm2 ;RLX组大鼠骨小梁表面的破骨细胞数比卵巢切除组减少 ;与卵巢切除组相比 ,雌激素治疗组的子宫重量增加了 5 5 % ,而RLX组则对子宫无明显刺激作用。　结论　RLX及雌激素都具有防治骨质疏松的作用 ,RLX能阻止去卵巢所造成的骨丢失。     

全身垂直振动对去卵巢大鼠肝脏和骨组织脂质水平的影响

目的 观察全身垂直振动对去卵巢大鼠肝脏和骨组织脂质水平的影响.方法 36只健康3月龄雌性SD大鼠,体重(250±15)g,按体重分层后随机分为假手术组、去卵巢静止组和去卵巢振动组,每组12只.去卵巢静止组和去卵巢振动组大鼠在麻醉状态下,从背部切除双侧卵巢,而假手术组不切除卵巢,只切除卵巢附近与卵巢等体积的脂肪.去卵巢手术后10 w,去卵巢振动组大鼠开始在垂直振动台上接受振动治疗.振动治疗方案为:频率90 HZ,时间15 min,每天2次,共8 w.实验结束时,用乙醇/氯仿提取肝脏、股骨远端、胫骨近端以及第四腰椎甘油三酯(TG).结果 去卵巢静止组肝脏、股骨远端、胫骨近端以及第四腰椎TG水平均显著高于假手术组,而去卵巢振动组肝脏、股骨远端、胫骨近端以及第四腰椎TG水平均显著低于去卵巢静止组.结论 全身垂直振动能显著降低去卵巢大鼠肝脏和骨组织的TG水平.     

Combined intervention of soy isoflavone and moderate exercise prevents body fat elevation and bone loss in ovariectomized mice

Body fat accumulation and bone loss are both often associated with estrogen deficiency following menopause. In this study, we examined whether soy isoflavone, one of the phytoestrogens, and moderate exercise interventions exhibit cooperative effects on body composition and bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Eight-week-old female mice were assigned to 6 groups: (1) sham-operated (sham); (2) OVX; (3) OVX with received a soy isoflavone diet (OVX+ISO); (4) OVX with exercised on a treadmill (OVX+EX); (5) OVX with given both isoflavone and exercise (OVX+ISO&EX ); and (6) OVX with treated with 17 beta-estradiol subcutaneously (OVX+E2). Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). After the 6-week intervention, whole body fat (%) in the OVX group showed significantly higher than that in the sham group. Intervention of exercise and isoflavone alone partially inhibited OVX-induced body fat gain, and the combined intervention as well as E2 treatment completely restored fat mass to the sham level. Lean body mass in the whole body was not different in OVX group compared with that in OVX+ISO, OVX+EX, and OVX+E2 groups, but it was significantly higher in OVX+ISO&EX than in other groups. BMD of the whole body, lumbar spine, or femur showed significantly reduced by OVX, and the bone loss was partially inhibited by intervention of exercise or isoflavone alone. However, the combined intervention completely restored the bone mass to the level of sham, as did E2. Serum total cholesterol was significantly increased by OVX, which was normalized by the combined intervention or E2 treatment. These results demonstrate that combined intervention of soybean isoflavone and exercise prevented body fat accumulation in the whole body with an increase in lean body mass and restoration of bone mass, and reduced high serum cholesterol in OVX mice.     

葛根素联合雌二醇对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的治疗作用

目的了解小剂量葛根素联合雌二醇对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松(OP)治疗作用,为中西医结合治疗Ⅰ型OP提供实验依据。方法 5月龄健康雌性大白鼠120只,分成5个实验组(n=24):①假手术组(sham);②去卵巢模型组(OVX);③葛根素组(Pr),皮下注射葛根素,50 mg/kg,1次/d;④雌二醇组(E2),皮下注射雌二醇200μg/kg,2次/w;⑤小剂量葛根素+雌二醇组(Pr+E2),皮下注射雌二醇100μg/kg,2次/w和葛根素25 mg/kg,1次/d。各实验组在第4、8、12和20周,随机取6只大鼠处死,取左股骨切片观察骨组织,取右股骨测量骨密度(BMD),取左心血测量血清雌二醇(E2)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)。结果 OVX组的血清E2和BMD明显低于sham组(P<0.01),而血清AKP明显高于sham组(P<0.01);3个治疗组各时间的血清E2、AKP和BMD无显著差异(P>0.05)。小剂量的葛根素联合雌二醇治疗能使去卵巢大鼠骨组织、血清E2、AKP和BMD接近正常(P>0.05),与较大剂量的葛根素组或较大剂量的E2组相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论小剂量的E2与葛根素对去卵巢大鼠的治疗效果与单独使用较大剂量的葛根素或较大剂量的E2相比治疗效果相近。     

去卵巢大鼠血清乳铁蛋白与骨密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨去卵巢大鼠血清乳铁蛋白(LF)水平与骨密度(BMD)的关系,为临床应用乳铁蛋白提供实验依据.方法 采用4月龄Wistar雌性大鼠,随机分为假手术组(sham,20只)与去卵巢模型组(ovariectomy,OVX,40只,分为OVX I组与OVX Ⅱ组,各20只),分别于术后14与18周处死OVX I组与OV...     

葛根素对去卵巢大鼠机体骨代谢影响的观察

目的 观察葛根素对去卵巢大鼠机体骨代谢的影响,探讨其对雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松症的治疗作用.方法 3月龄清洁级SD大鼠60只,背驮式切除双侧卵巢后每日灌胃葛根素5 mg/kg(P-5组),10 mg/kg(P-10组)和20 mg/kg(P-20组),并设假手术组(Sham),模型组(OVX)和己烯雌酚阳性对照组(E).3个月后处死动物,测定大鼠胫骨干重、灰分重量和矿物质含量,胫骨Ca、P含量以及血清相关骨代谢指标.结果 与OVX组相比,葛根素各组的胫骨矿物质含量(mg/g)均有增加(574±17,590±22和597±18),其中P-20组差异显著(P＜0.05);葛根素各组的胫骨Ca含量(mg/g)高于OVX组 (132±10,222±7,228±8),其中P-10,P-20两组差异显著(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),说明服用葛根素后大鼠骨量得到增加;同时,葛根素各组的碱性磷酸酶(U/L)与OVX组有所降低(101±26,90±20,71±15),其中P-10,P-20两组差异显著(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),说明去卵巢大鼠骨的高转换状态得到改善.结论 葛根素能抑制去卵巢大鼠骨量的丢失,对骨代谢有较好的调节作用,对雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松症有一定的治疗作用.     

甲状旁腺素1-34对骨质疏松大鼠治疗作用的实验研究

目的探讨甲状旁腺素134(hPTH134)对骨质疏松的治疗作用以及与血钙、磷、维生素D代谢和生长因子的关系。方法用摘除大鼠双侧卵巢的方式制备骨质疏松模型(OVX),实验动物分为4个组:模型对照组(OVX组,摘除大鼠双侧卵巢不作任何处理);hPTH134治疗组(PTH组,摘除大鼠双侧卵巢12w后用hPTH134治疗8w);盐酸雷洛昔芬治疗组(摘除大鼠双侧卵巢12w后用雷洛昔芬治疗8w);假手术组(Sham组,仅切除卵巢周围的脂肪组织约3g,术后12w纳入实验)。应用HOLOGIC第4代双能X线4500W骨密度仪测大鼠腰椎、股骨上段骨密度值(BMD);以骨形态计量学测股骨骨小梁面积、矿化沉积率;用ELISA法测定血清IGF1水平和血清25OHVitD浓度以及血淋巴细胞VitD受体(VDR)含量。结果hPTH134治疗组、盐酸雷洛昔芬治疗组均较OVX组腰椎、股骨上段骨密度增高,组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。hPTH134治疗组较盐酸雷洛昔芬治疗组股骨上段骨密度增高,两组之间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。hPTH134治疗组骨小梁面积明显增加、矿化沉积率增高。hPTH134治疗组、盐酸雷洛昔芬治疗组血清IGF1浓度值、血清25OHVitD浓度值升高,与OVX组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。各组血淋巴细胞VDR含量无明显变化,与OVX组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论hPTH134能够预防腰椎、股骨上段骨密度丢失,使骨小梁面积明显增加、矿化沉积率增高并且血清IGF1及血清25OHVitD浓度值升高,但对VDR含量无明显作用。     

Preventive effects of genistein on leukocyte adhesion in femur venules and on bone-loss induced in ovariectomized female rats

This study was aimed to examine effects of genistein on leukocyte adhesion in femur microcirculation in relation to bone-loss induced in ovariectomized female rats. Sixty-four female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: sham (daily treated with vehicle; DMSO, sc; 100 microl/day), ovariectomized rat treated with vehicle (OVX(veh)), 17beta-estradiol treated-ovariectomized rat (OVX(E2), 5 microg/kg/day, s.c.) and genistein treated-ovariectomized rat (0.25 mg/kg/day, s.c.; OVX(gen)). One and three weeks after the ovariectomy, blood flow perfusion (BF) in femur tissue was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. Leukocyte adhesion in femur venules (15-30 microm in diameter) of each group was evaluated by intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy. The bone mineral content (BMC) was measured and expressed in terms of ratio of ash-to-dry matter weight. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were determined using chemiluminescence immunoassay. In both one and three week-OVX(veh), leukocyte adhesion increased significantly, compared to their age-matched sham groups, but it decreased significantly in OVX(gen), compared to OVX(veh) (p<0.05). In three week-OVX(gen), both BF and BMC increased significantly, but osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels decreased, compared to those of three week-OVX(veh). In conclusion, genistein supplementation could effectively prevent bone-loss and microvascular endothelial dysfunction induced by estrogen deficiency.     

1,25(OH)_2D_3对去卵巢大鼠骨组织成骨细胞、骨细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察1,25(OH)_2D_3对去卵巢大鼠骨组织中成骨细胞、骨细胞凋亡的影响。方法 36只雌性SD大鼠随机分成四组,对尼尔雌醇组和1,25(OH)_2D_3组分别给予尼尔雌醇(0.1mg/kg)和1,25(OH)_2D_3(0.05μg/kg)治疗12周。12周后,以DXA法测定大鼠全身的骨密度;放射免疫法测定各组大鼠血清中骨钙素及雌二醇的水平;处死各组大鼠,采用3′-OH末端DNA原位标记技术和透射电镜检测骨细胞、成骨细胞凋亡。结果 12周后,去卵巢组大鼠的骨密度和血清雌二醇水平明显降低,骨钙素含量升高,与假手术组相比,差异有显著性(P0.05)。1,25(OH)_2D_3可以增加去卵巢大鼠的全身骨密度和血清骨钙素含量(P0.05),但是不增加血清雌二醇的水平(P0.05)。1,25(OH)_2D_3可以抑制骨细胞、成骨细胞凋亡,与去卵巢组相比差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论 1,25(OH)_2D_3对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症具有防治作用,其部分机制可能为1,25(0H)_2D_3抑制了骨细胞、成骨细胞凋亡,从而调节骨重建。     

Daily treatment with human recombinant parathyroid hormone-(1-34), LY333334, for 1 year increases bone mass in ovariectomized monkeys.

PTH stimulates bone formation to increase bone mass and strength in rats and humans. The aim of this study was to determine the skeletal effects of recombinant human PTH-(1-34) [rhPTH-(1-34)] in monkeys, as monkey bone remodeling and structure are similar to those in human bone. Adult female cynomolgus monkeys were divided into sham-vehicle (n = 21), ovariectomized (OVX)-vehicle (n = 20), and OVX groups given daily s.c. injections of rhPTH-(1-34) at 1 (n = 39) or 5 (n = 41) microg/kg for 12 months. Whole body bone mineral content was measured, as was bone mineral density (BMD) in the spine, proximal tibia, midshaft radius, and distal radius. Serum and urine samples were also analyzed. rhPTH-(1-34) treatment did not influence serum ionized Ca levels or urinary Ca excretion, but depressed endogenous PTH while increasing serum calcitriol levels. Compared to that in the OVX group, the higher dose of rhPTH-(1-34) increased spine BMD by 14.3%, whole body bone mineral content by 8.6%, and proximal tibia BMD by 10.8%. Subregion analyses suggested that the anabolic effect of rhPTH-(1-34) on the proximal tibia was primarily in cancellous bone. Similar, but less dramatic, effects on BMD were observed with the lower dose of rhPTH-(1-34). Daily s.c. rhPTH-(1-34) treatment for 1 yr increases BMD in ovariectomized monkeys without inducing sustained hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria.