电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的体会

目的　评价电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞 (GDC)治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效并总结GDC的操作要点。方法　DSA检查 32例 ,发现颅内动脉瘤共 34枚 ,其中前交通动脉瘤 16枚 ,后交通动脉瘤 14枚 ,大脑中动脉动脉瘤 2枚 ,大脑后动脉 ,眼动脉各 1枚。随后用GDC进行栓塞治疗。结果　 32例 (34枚 )颅内动脉瘤栓塞成功 ,其中完全致密栓塞 (瘤颈完全封闭 ) 2 0例 ,部分栓塞 (瘤体、瘤颈可见残余 ) 12例。并发动脉瘤破裂 1例 ,治疗后痊愈。并发脑血管痉挛 2例 ,治疗后 1例遗留轻偏瘫。术后 1年内随访 6例 7枚动脉瘤 ,无明显变化。结论　GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种安全可靠、有效的治疗方法 ,术者的操作技术及对并发症的正常处理是影响手术成败的重要因素 ,对部分栓塞者有必要随访观察。     

电解脱弹簧圈(GDC)在颅内动脉瘤腔栓塞治疗中的临床应用

目的：评价颅内动脉瘤GDC栓塞术的效果和并发症。材料和方法：应用GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤270例273枚.其中5例在载瘤动脉内支架置放后再行瘤腔内GDC栓塞。临床表现为动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血236例，脑神经压迫症状18例，其他16例。131例在栓塞后3－15个月作了随访血管造影。结果：262例265枚动脉瘤栓塞成功，8例手术失败。动脉瘤完全闭塞或几近完全闭塞（闭塞范围＞95％）217枚，大部闭塞（闭塞范围70％－95％）31枚，部分闭塞（闭塞范围＜70％）17枚，与手术相关的死亡4例，与手术相关的并发症18例（其中13例经处理后无后遗症；4例轻残，1例重残）。随访脑血管造影显示动脉瘤复发9例,均为原部分栓塞患者.结论：颅内动脉瘤腔内GDC完全致密堵塞的效果肯定，与手术相关的并发症发生率与操作者经验有关。     

GDC血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效和技术要点。方法 对31例动脉瘤患者应用微导管技术,通过数字减影全脑血管造影,采用GDC作动脉瘤囊内填塞治疗。结果 31例31枚动脉瘤中28枚瘤腔完全闭塞,3枚95％闭塞。术后30例临床痊愈;1例死亡;病死率3．2％。术中并发动脉瘤再破裂出血1例;术后弹簧圈末端逸出1例。术后随访0．5～3年均无再出血。结论 GDC血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效可靠,早期栓塞及有效的术后处理是提高治愈率的重要方法。     

颅内破裂微小动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗技术探讨

目的 探讨介入栓塞术治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤技术要点,并评估此技术的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年6月采用介入栓塞术治疗的30例共36枚颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的临床、影像学、操作技术和随访资料,其中24枚动脉瘤接受单纯弹簧圈填塞,5枚接受球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞,7枚接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞.结果 术中出现动脉瘤破裂出血2例,死亡1例.术后即刻造影显示,36枚颅内微小动脉瘤中22枚(61.1％)达到致密填塞,14枚(38.9％)非致密填塞.25枚动脉瘤获得3～24个月随访,22枚完全闭塞,1枚留有残颈无变化;患者无再出血,未出现弹簧圈移位和载瘤动脉血栓栓塞事件.结论 采用介入栓塞术治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤是安全有效的,操作中不必刻意追求致密填塞.     

三维容积重建技术在栓塞后颅内动脉瘤DSA随访中的价值探讨

目的 探讨三维容积重建技术(3D-VRT)在弹簧圈栓塞后颅内动脉瘤的DSA随访中的应用价值.方法 采用介入弹簧圈栓塞技术治疗109例患者、共121枚颅内动脉瘤,术后所有患者均经历至少1次DSA随访.2名神经放射学专家分别对术后即刻和随访中的二维DSA造影(2D-DSA)、旋转血管造影(rotational angiography,RA)和3D-VRT成像进行分析,比较3种成像技术显示动脉瘤残留的能力.术后随访结果分为完全栓塞、瘤颈残留和瘤腔残留.若患者经历1次以上造影随访,评估最后一次随访结果.采用Kruskal-Wallis等级秩和检验对3种成像技术的评价结果进行比较,Kappa检验评价2名观察者结果的一致性.结果 121枚动脉瘤术后3D-VRT显示90枚完全栓塞,26枚瘤颈残留,5枚瘤腔残留.在随访造影中,2D·DSA发现完全栓塞、瘤颈残留和瘤腔残留分别为92枚、20枚和9枚,RA发现例数为86枚、23枚和12枚,3D-VRT为68枚、30枚和23枚,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(X2=14.052,P=0.000 9).2名观察者对于2D-DSA、RA和3D.VRT观察结果的Kappa值分别为0.545、0.582和0.748.结论 3D-VRT技术能够明显提高DSA造影随访中动脉瘤残留的检出率,值得在栓塞动脉瘤的造影随访中推广使用.     

球囊辅助瘤颈成形术治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的　总结球囊辅助瘤颈成形术在颅内宽颈动脉瘤治疗中应用的临床体会。方法　采用球囊辅助瘤颈成形术对 18例患者 2 0个颅内宽颈动脉瘤进行栓塞治疗 ,先将微导管超选入动脉瘤内 ,再将不可脱卸球囊于动脉瘤颈处充盈覆盖瘤颈 ,电解可脱卸弹簧圈 (GDC)填塞动脉瘤。结果　 17个动脉瘤治疗成功 ,完全填塞的动脉瘤 12个 ,次全填塞 (>90 % ) 4个 ,不完全填塞 (<90 % ) 1个 ,载瘤动脉均保持通畅 ,平均随访 9.4个月 ,临床效果优良。结论　采用球囊辅助瘤颈成形术治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤是安全、有效的方法     

电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤(附11例报告)

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤应用电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)经血管内治疗的新方法.方法11例病人均行DSA全脑血管造影,明确动脉瘤的部位与载瘤动脉的关系,行可脱性弹簧圈治疗栓塞.结果11例中除1例动脉瘤较大用3枚电解弹簧圈闭塞外,其余均用1枚就完全闭塞动脉瘤腔,并保留了载瘤动脉的通畅.结论应用GDC经血管内闭塞颅内动脉瘤,安全、便捷、见效快.     

Neuroform自膨式支架结合弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的 探讨Neuroform自膨式支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的安全性、术中并发症、近中期疗效和应用前景.方法 采用Neuroform支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗25例27枚颅内宽颈动脉瘤.动脉瘤位于颈内动脉海绵窦段3枚,眼动脉1枚,后交通动脉18枚,前交通动脉2枚,大脑中动脉M1段1枚,大脑中动脉分义部1枚,基底动脉干1枚.其巾2例患者为多发动脉瘤,绝对宽颈(瘤颈>4 mm)动脉瘤21枚,相对宽颈6枚,瘤颈/瘤体均大于0.7.结果 4枚采用NeuroformⅡ代自膨式支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗,其余均采用NeuroformⅢ代支架结合弹簧罔栓塞治疗.25例26枚支架均成功到位释放,1例多发动脉瘤患者置入2枚支架.7枚动脉瘤完全栓塞(100%),9枚几乎完全栓寒(95%～99%),11枚不完全栓塞(95%以下).2例术中出血;2例术中支架内血栓形成,其中1例术后遗留肢体偏瘫,另1例死亡;1例术中弹簧圈尾端从支架网孔突入颈内动脉,术后出现一过性脑缺血表现,其余患者均恢复良好出院.临床随访24例,随访期1～32个月,平均10.8个月.3例术后3～6个月血管造影随访,其中1例后交通动脉瘤患者同侧大脑前动脉闭塞,大脑中动脉主干血栓形成;另2例原有瘤颈残留者无变化.结论 在栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤时应用Neurolform自膨式支架结合弹簧圈技术,使弹簧圈无法突入载瘤动脉,可提高柃塞致密度,安全、疗效好.     

颅内微小动脉瘤的介入弹簧圈栓塞治疗及中期随访观察

目的探讨治疗微小动脉瘤的介入弹簧圈栓塞技术,并评价其临床疗效和中期随访结果。方法回顾性分析2004年至2007年在我科治疗并经系统随访的破裂微小动脉瘤患者19例,共20枚动脉瘤。其中9枚动脉瘤单纯使用弹簧圈填塞,9枚使用支架辅助弹簧圈填塞,2枚使用球囊辅助弹簧圈填塞。结果所有动脉瘤使用弹簧圈成功填塞,技术成功率100%。术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤完全闭塞5例,瘤颈残留9例,瘤腔残留6例。有3例出现弹簧圈部分遗留于载瘤动脉,未出现弹簧圈移位和血栓形成。19例患者均经历1年以上随访。临床随访显示所有患者未出现动脉瘤再次破裂出血;17例完全恢复,未遗留神经系统并发症;1例残留轻度偏瘫,1例遗留动眼神经不全麻痹。1年后造影随访显示15枚动脉瘤完全闭塞,4枚瘤颈残留,1枚瘤腔残留扩大。未发现弹簧圈脱出、移位、载瘤动脉瘤狭窄。结论介入弹簧圈填塞术治疗微小动脉瘤安全、有效,选择合适的栓塞技术是治疗的关键。     

电解可脱式弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的临床观察

目的　探讨电解可脱簧圈 (GDC)治疗颅内动脉瘤的介入手术指征。术前评估方法、并发症和疗效。方法　 2 0 0 0年 8月到 2 0 0 3年 11月对 10例 12枚颅内动脉瘤患者施行GDC栓塞术。其中 9例为破裂动脉瘤。 8例行急诊栓塞手术 ,在DSA动态监视下完成。术后腰椎蛛网膜下腔持续引流 ,并给予高血容量、血液稀释治疗。结果　动脉瘤完全闭塞 9例 ,1例死亡。术后随访 2～ 2 2个月 ,1例重残 ,1例有轻度神经功能异常 ,其余恢复良好。结论　短期随访结果表明 ,GDC栓塞颅内动脉具有微创、安全、效果可靠的优点。致密填塞动脉瘤疗效可靠。部分填塞可能导致动脉瘤继续扩大 ,破裂出血。破裂动脉瘤应急诊栓塞治疗 ,术后腰椎蛛网膜下腔持续引流 ,可明显提高疗效。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.