OCT测量正常人与原发性开角型青光眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度的研究

目的：采用光学相干断层成像术(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量正常人与原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度,为POAG的诊断提供理论依据。

方法：本组观察对象为2014-11/2017-11于我院就诊的POAG患者100例123眼,设为观察组,选择年龄、性别配对的正常体检人群50例100眼,设为对照组,根据视野平均缺损(mean defect,MD)将POAG患者分为早期组36例44眼、进展期组40例50眼与晚期组24例29眼; 采用OCT测量视盘全周、颞侧、鼻侧、下方、上方平均RNFL厚度,各象限MD采用全自动视野计测量,并进行相关性分析。

结果：观察组视盘全周、颞侧、鼻侧、下方、上方平均RNFL厚度均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001); 观察组视盘全周、颞侧、鼻侧、下方、上方MD均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001); 早期组、进展期组与晚期组平均RNFL厚度依次变薄,两两比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),早期组、进展期组与晚期组MD依次变增加,两两比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001); 视盘全周、颞侧、鼻侧、下方、上方平均RNFL厚度与MD均呈负相关(r=-0.675、-0.667、-0.560、-0.711、-0.660,均P<0.001)。

结论：OCT检查显示POAG患者RNFL厚度较正常人群明显变薄,且随着病情进展RNFL厚度越薄,且与患眼MD有密切联系。     

OCT测量RNFL厚度在PACG早期诊断中的应用

目的：探究频域光学相干断层成像技术(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度在原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)早期诊断中的应用。

方法：本次研究对象为2015-04/2017-04于我院诊断与治疗PACG患者100例174眼,根据视野损伤程度由轻到重分为早期组(30例50眼)、进展组(45例78眼)与晚期组(25例46眼); 同时选择年龄、性别配对的健康体检人员30例60眼,设为对照组。入组后进行常规检查; OCT检查平均RNFL厚度,采用全自动视野计检查各组视野情况,分析RNFL厚度与视野平均缺损(mean defect,MD)相关性,并比较各组上、下、鼻侧、颞侧各象限RNFL厚度。

结果：四组入试者平均RNFL厚度差异具有统计学意义,对照组显著高于PACG患者组,早期组显著高于进展组与晚期组,进展组显著高于晚期组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 四组入试者视野MD差异具有统计学意义,对照组显著低于PACG患者组,早期组显著低于进展组与晚期组,进展组显著低于晚期组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 早期组、进展组和晚期组RNFL厚度与视野MD呈负相关(r=-0.546、-0.654、-0.864,均P<0.05),对照组RNFL厚度与视野MD无相关性(r=-0.075,P=0.321); PACG患者上方、下方RNFL厚度显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),进展组与晚期组鼻侧、颞侧RNFL厚度显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),早期组与对照组鼻侧、颞侧RNFL厚度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：随着病情加重PACG患者RNFL逐渐变薄,RNFL与视野MD呈负相关,RNFL能够客观反映PACG视神经损害程度,检测上方、下方RNFL厚度对PACG早期诊断具有一定的运用价值。     

SS-OCT检测PACG患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度及视盘参数的价值

目的：探讨扫频源光学相干层析成像(SS-OCT)技术检测视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度及视盘参数在原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)疗效评价中的应用价值。

方法：选择接受周边虹膜切开术、小梁切除术治疗的PACG患者60例68眼,根据术后2mo后的眼压情况将患者分为控制组(<21mmHg,39例45眼)和未控制组(≥21mmHg,21例23眼)。采用SS-OCT检测两组患者治疗前和治疗后6mo RNFL厚度及视盘参数,评价治疗效果。

结果：治疗后,两组患者眼压均明显降低,且控制组明显低于未控制组(P<0.05)。治疗后,控制组患者各RNFL厚度均较治疗前无明显差异(P>0.05),而未控制组则明显变薄,与控制组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,未控制组患者视盘面积(DA)明显增大,盘沿面积(RA)、盘沿容积(RV)明显减小(P<0.05),控制组患者各视盘参数均明显优于未控制组(P<0.05)。眼压与视盘参数DA呈正相关,与RA呈负相关(r=0.415、-0.399,均P<0.05)。

结论：SS-OCT可准确反映PACG患者眼压控制后RNFL厚度与视盘参数的变化,对于PACG病情追踪及疗效评估具有一定的临床价值。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对视野及视神经纤维层厚度的影响

目的：探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)对患者视野及视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度的影响。

方法：OSAS患者74例74眼及72名健康体检者(72眼)作为对照组被纳入研究。采用Humphrey自动视野计检测视野敏感度(VFS),采用频域光学相干断层扫描仪(OCT)测量视盘周围RNFL厚度。VFS及视盘周围RNFL被划分为上方、下方、颞侧及鼻侧区域。按照多导睡眠图(PSG)监测获得的呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)对OSAS病情进行分级。将29例轻度、25例中度及20例重度OSAS患者上方、下方、颞侧和鼻侧区域的VFS及RNFL厚度分别与对照组进行统计学比较。

结果：OSAS组与对照组上方、下方、颞侧和鼻侧区域的VFS均无差异(P>0.05)。OSAS组尤其是重度OSAS患者视盘鼻侧RNFL厚度较对照组降低(P=0.047)。Pearson相关性分析显示鼻侧RNFL厚度与OSAS患者病情呈负相关(r=-0.9998,P=0.0138)。

结论：重度OSAS可导致鼻侧RNFL厚度减少,RNFL厚度可作为评估OSAS病情严重程度的指标之一。     

青少年近视患者视网膜厚度与屈光度的关系研究

目的：探讨青少年近视患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度与等效球镜数(spherical equivalent,SE)以及眼轴长度(axial length,AL)的关系。

方法：本研究纳入对象为2015-12/2017-12于我院诊断的100例200眼青少年近视患者,按SE<-3.00D、-3.00D≤SE≤-6.00D、SE>-6.00D设为低、中、高度近视组,分别为34例68眼、36例72眼、30例60眼,选择30例60眼正常视力青少年设为对照组。光学相干断层成像术(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量所有待检者上、下、鼻、颞4个象限RNFL厚度以及视盘全周平均RNFL厚度,采用A超测量AL,并通过Pearson相关分析法对视盘全周平均RNFL厚度与SE绝对值、AL的相关性进行分析。

结果：低度组、中度组、高度组的上、下、鼻、颞4个象限RNFL厚度以及视盘全周平均RNFL厚度均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低度组、中度组、高度组RNFL厚度逐渐降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 低度组、中度组、高度组SE逐渐降升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 对照组、低度组、中度组、高度组AL逐渐升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 视盘全周平均RNFL厚度与SE绝对值呈负相关(r=-0.564,P<0.001),与AL呈负相关(r=-0.423,P<0.001)。

结论：RNFL厚度与SE和AL呈负相关关系,提示RNFL厚度越薄青少年近视患者近视越严重。     

OCT联合分离格栅视觉诱发电位在POAG诊治中的应用

目的：分析光学相干断层扫描(OCT)联合分离格栅视觉诱发电位(Ic-VEP)在原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)诊治中的应用价值。

方法：前瞻性队列研究。选取2014-10/2018-05就诊我院的可疑青光眼患者32例32眼、早期POAG患者30例30眼、中晚期POAG患者25例25眼及正常人30例30眼，所有纳入人员均进行OCT、Ic-VEP、视野检查，对结果进行分析。

结果：Ic-VEP在早期POAG组敏感性为83%，特异性为93%； 信噪比(SNR)组间两两比较，8%SNR：早期POAG组与可疑青光眼组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，其余组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)； 16%SNR及32%SNR：正常组与中晚期POAG组比较、可疑青光眼与中晚期POAG组比较、早期POAG组与中晚期POAG组比较，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)，其余组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。四组视网膜神经纤维层厚度(RNFL)参数均随病情加重变薄，各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。四组视野平均缺损(MD)逐渐减小，可疑青光眼组与正常组差异无统计学意义(P=0.08)，其余组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。8%SNR、平均RNFL及MD的ROC曲线下面积在可疑青光眼组分别为0.824、0.846、0.661； 在早期POAG组分别为0.898、0.969、0.889。

结论：OCT与Ic-VEP对POAG的早期变化有较高的诊断能力，并能评估视神经的损伤程度，可联合用于POAG的早期诊断和病情评估。     

新疆维吾尔族人剥脱综合征与LOXL1基因变异的关系

目的：探讨新疆维吾尔族人剥脱综合征与LOXL1基因变异的相关性。

方法：以新疆维吾尔族为研究对象进行病例-对照研究,共纳入50例剥脱综合征者(病例组,男39例,女11例)及58例正常人(对照组,男40例,女18例),提取基因组DNA,采用PCR产物测序技术对LOXL1基因的3个变异位点(rs1048661、rs2165241和rs3825942)进行分型,并分析其与维吾尔族人剥脱综合征的关系。

结果：病例组的平均年龄高于对照组(P=0.039)。病例组中rs2165241位点的CT、TT基因型频率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001); rs1048661、rs3825942位点的不同基因型分布频率在病例组、对照组间差异均无统计学意义(P=0.196,P=0.584)。在校正了年龄、性别后,rs2165241位点的CT基因型携带者的剥脱综合征发病风险为2.850(P=0.029),TT基因型携带者的剥脱综合征发病风险为13.398(P=0.001)。

结论：LOXL1基因变异(rs2165241)可能与维吾尔族人剥脱综合征相关,T等位基因可能是新疆维吾尔族人剥脱综合征的易感因素。     

OCT测量视网膜神经纤维层厚度及视盘参数在青光眼早期诊断中的应用及意义

目的探讨光学相干断层扫描仪(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度及视盘参数在青光眼早期诊断中的应用及意义。方法青光眼患者120例(192眼)分为早期青光眼组42例(66眼)、中期青光眼组46例(76眼)和晚期青光眼组32例(50眼),另设正常对照组50例(82眼),均采用Topcon 3D OCT检测RNFL厚度和视盘参数,计算各个参数的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(are aunder the receiver operating characteristi ccurve,AROC),并对检测结果进行比较分析。结果正常对照组、早期青光眼组、中期青光眼组和晚期青光眼组的平均RNFL厚度分别为(112.31±9.34)μm、(105.45±6.74)μm、(82.19±7.28)μm、(52.48±7.85)μm;与正常对照组比较,各青光眼组的RNFL厚度差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);各青光眼组之间两两比较差异也均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。与正常对照组相比,各青光眼组的视盘面积无明显变化,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),而视杯面积、视杯容积、杯盘比、水平杯盘比和垂直杯盘比均显著增加,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);盘沿面积和盘沿容积均显著降低,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);各青光眼组间除视盘面积外,各参数差异也均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。在正常对照组与早期青光眼组和全部青光眼组之间,对于RNFL厚度来说,平均RNFL厚度的AROC值最大;对于视盘参数来说,杯盘比的AROC值最大。结论 RNFL厚度和视盘参数是早期诊断青光眼的敏感指标,OCT检测RNFL厚度和视盘参数有助于青光眼的早期诊断。     

剥脱性青光眼视盘视网膜神经纤维层厚度与视野缺损的相关性

探讨不同时期剥脱性青光眼（PXG）患者视盘视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度与视野缺损的相关性。方法：病例对照研究。连续性选取2013年1月至2018年1月在石家庄市第一医院青光眼科住院治疗的PXG患者97例（97眼），并将其分为早期PXG组28例，中期PXG组27例，晚期PXG组42例。另选择与PXG组匹配的正常志愿者32例（32眼）作为正常对照组。所有纳入对象均采用SD-OCT对视盘各区RNFL厚度进行扫描，采用单因素方差分析比较4组受检者视盘各区RNFL厚度差异，采用 Pearson相关分析对视盘RNFL厚度与视野平均缺损相关性进行分析。结果：正常对照组及早、中、晚期PXG组平均视盘RNFL厚度分别为（104±11）μm，（92±14）μm，（82±12）μm，（54±18）μm。4组受检者鼻侧、鼻上方、颞上方、颞侧、颞下方、鼻下方及平均RNFL厚度总体差异均具有统计学意义（F=24.38、36.40、47.84、8.70、95.46、54.75、82.28，均P<0.001）。进一步两两比较发现，正常对照组与早期PXG组颞上方、颞下方、鼻下方及平均视盘RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；正常对照组与中期PXG组鼻侧、鼻上方、颞上方、颞下方、鼻下方及平均RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；正常对照组与晚期PXG组各区RNFL厚度差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。中、晚期 PXG组视盘平均RNFL厚度与视野平均缺损呈正相关（r=0.404，P=0.037；r=0.582，P<0.001）。结论：中、晚期PXG眼视盘平均RNFL厚度与视野缺损呈正相关，SD-OCT监测视盘RNFL厚度变化可以作为PXG诊断分期和随访的重要参考指标。     

磁共振扩散张量及3D-OCT对高眼压症患者视路的初步研究

目的：应用磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)技术及三维光学相干断层成像(3D-OCT)技术研究高眼压症患者(OHT)视路的微观改变。

方法：纳入我院眼科2016-01/2019-10确诊为双眼OHT的患者26例52眼作为病例组,选取同期年龄、性别均与高眼压组相匹配的健康体检者26例52眼作为对照组。所有受检眼均进行最佳矫正视力检测、中央角膜厚度(CCT)测量、非接触性眼压、视盘3D-OCT扫描检测及视神经、视交叉、视束及视放射DTI检测,OHT患者增加房角镜检查,并对比两组的差异。

结果：OHT组CCT值比正常对照组薄,眼压值较正常对照组增高(均P<0.05)。OHT视盘面积较正常对照组变大,视杯面积增大; 平均青光眼视盘旁神经纤维层(CP-RNFL)厚度、鼻侧RNFL厚度比正常对照组变薄(均P<0.05),上方、下方及颞侧RNFL无差异(均P>0.05)。双侧视神经及视放射的FA值较正常对照组下降(均P<0.05)。两组视交叉、双侧视束FA值、双侧视路ADC值无差异(均P>0.05)。

结论：3D-OCT可以获取CP-RNFL厚度值,视盘的参数; DTI可以重建颅内视觉通路,能早期发现视神经、视交叉、视束、视放射的微观变化。联合3D-OCT及新兴的DTI技术可有效了解OHT患者视路的微观改变,为临床研究高眼压症提供新的思路和研究模式。     

维吾尔族假性剥脱综合征患者角膜内皮形态学分析

目的：:对比分析维吾尔族假性剥脱综合征（PEX）、剥脱综合征性青光眼（PEXG）、原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）及年龄相关性白内障（ARC）角膜内皮形态学差异。方法：:回顾性病例对照研究。选取2019年7月至2020年8月在中国人民解放军新疆军区总医院全军眼科中心就诊治疗的维吾尔族PEX患者76例（76眼）,PEXG患...     

The Effect of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome on the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Choroid Thickness

Purpose: To investigate thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroid thickness in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) compared to healthy volunteers. Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study included 43 patients with PXG, 45 patients with PEX syndrome, and 48 healthy volunteers. The RNFL and macular thickness were analyzed with standard OCT protocol while choroidal thickness was analyzed with EDI protocol in all subjects. Results: The RNFL thickness was higher in the PEX and control groups compared to the PXG group (p<0.001). The choroid thickness was significantly higher in the control group compared to the PXG and PEX groups (p<0.05). No significant difference was detected between the both groups. Conclusions: PEX might weaken choroid circulation by accumulating in choroid vessels. The thinner choroid in the PXG group suggests that ischemia affects the duration of PEX and has a role in the development of glaucoma.     

剥脱性青光眼与剥脱综合征黄斑厚度及体积比较

目的：对比分析剥脱性青光眼（PXG）、剥脱综合征（PEX）患者及正常人(CON)黄斑厚度及体积的差异。方法：病例对照研究。连续性选取2014 年5 月至2017 年5 月在石家庄市第一医院住院治疗的PXG病例31例（31眼）,PEX病例16例（16眼）及性别、年龄相匹配的CON 34例（34眼）分别作为PXG组、PEX组、CON组。3 组纳入人员均进行黄斑区OCT-3D模式扫描,并对黄斑各区厚度及体积进行单因素方差分析。结果：CON组、PEX组、PXG组黄斑平均厚度分别为（305±15）μm、（299±12）μm、（289±18）μm,黄斑平均体积分别为（0.94±0.05）μm3、（0.92±0.03）μm3、（0.89±0.06）μm3。3组间黄斑厚度总体差异在鼻内环（NIM）、上内环（SIM）、颞内环（TIM）、下内环（IIM）、上外环（SOM）、颞外环（TOM）、下外环（IOM）区有统计学意义（F=4.887、8.987、7.889、9.489、6.462、6.464、7.964,P < 0.05）,在中心凹厚度（CMT）、中央区（CSF）、鼻外环（NOM）区差异无统计学意义;3组间体积总体差异在NIM、SIM、TIM、IIM、SOM、TOM、IOM区有统计学意义（F=4.352、8.697、7.920、8.513、6.185、6.411、9.095,P < 0.05）,在CSF、NOM区差异无统计学意义。进一步两两比较显示,PXG组与CON组相比,黄斑厚度在NIM、SIM、TIM、IIM、NOM、SOM、TOM、IOM区变薄（P < 0.05）;黄斑体积在NIM、SIM、TIM、IIM、NOM、SOM、IOM区变小（P < 0.05）。PXG组与PEX组相比,黄斑厚度及 体积在SIM、IIM、SOM区变薄（P < 0.05）。结论：与PEX患者及正常人相比,PXG患者黄斑厚度变薄、体积变小,监测黄斑厚度的变化对PXG的临床诊治具有重要意义。     

23G玻璃体视网膜手术后视网膜血管直径与神经纤维层厚度及视盘的变化

目的：调查接受睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割术及术中辅助治疗患者的视网膜血管直径,视网膜神经纤维层厚度和视盘改变。
　　方法：共40例(40眼)接受单侧睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割术及术中辅助治疗患者纳入研究,分别于术前、术后3 lo及6 lo行视网膜照相检测视网膜中央动脉和静脉的直径,应用修正Parr-Hubbard公式计算视网膜中央动脉当量和视网膜中央静脉当量。运用Stratus OCT检测视神经纤维层厚度。立体视盘摄影检测视盘的垂直杯盘比。
　　结果：术前患者的双眼视网膜血管直径与神经纤维层厚度及视盘检查无统计学差异。垂直杯盘比在3 lo和6 lo较术前明显增加(P<0.01, P<0.01),且手术眼与对侧眼显著不同(P<0.01, P<0.01)。术后6lo术眼视网膜中央动脉当量与视网膜中央静脉当量的改变明显大于对侧眼(P<0.01, P<0.01)。视神经纤维层厚度无显著变化。
　　结论：玻璃体切割术及术中辅助治疗在术后6 lo会引起视盘的垂直杯盘比及视网膜血管直径的改变,而视网膜神经纤维层厚度变化不明显。     

Long-term results of viscocanalostomy in pseudoexfoliative and primary open angle glaucoma

Purpose: To document the outcome of viscocanalostomy (VC) alone or combined with phacoemulsification (phaco‐VC) in eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: A prospective, comparative study of 314 eyes undergoing VC in two centres over 6 years was conducted. Main outcome measures were: (i) intraocular pressure (IOP) control (complete success was IOP ≤ 18 mmHg without medication and failure IOP > 18 mmHg); and (ii) requirement for Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture (YAG‐GP) if IOP > 21 mmHg. Results: In the POAG group, 174 eyes underwent phaco‐VC and 104 VC. In the PEX group, 20 eyes underwent phaco‐VC and 16 VC. At final follow up, complete success rate (CSR) was 76% for POAG phaco‐VC, 67% for POAG VC, 95% for PEXG phaco‐VC and 63% for PEXG VC with mean IOP reduction of 29.9%, 40%, 42.5% and 51%, respectively. Without YAG‐GP, by 3 years postoperatively the failure rate was 100% for PEXG eyes and 21% for POAG eyes undergoing VC alone, but PEXG eyes undergoing phaco‐VC were 100% successful. CSR for YAG‐GP was 92% in PEXG VC eyes and 55% in POAG VC eyes. Conclusions: In phakic eyes with PEXG undergoing VC, an absolute requirement for long‐term success was YAG‐GP. This was not the case in POAG eyes or PEXG eyes undergoing phaco‐VC. Late IOP rise in phakic PEXG eyes and restoration of IOP control following YAG‐GP suggests that continued release of PEX material from the lens capsule with time blocks the outflow through the trabecular‐Descemetic window created by VC.     

Conjunctival impression cytology in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation syndrome

BACKGROUND: In this study, ocular surface changes and tear film functions in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) and pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome were evaluated. METHODS: This study is a randomized, double-blind and prospective study. Conjunctival impression cytology, tear film break-up time (TFBUT) test and basal Schirmer test (BST) were performed on 45 eyes of 45 subjects with PEXG (group I), 48 eyes of 48 subjects with PEX syndrome (group 2) and 50 eyes of 50 normal subjects (group 3). Impression cytology was graded 0-III based on the shape, eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm and nucleocytoplasmic ratio of the epithelial cells, and the shape, quantity and Periodic Acid Schiff-positive cytoplasm of the goblet cells. RESULTS: Impression cytology grading scores were 6.7% grade 0, 15.6% grade I, 37.7% grade II and 40% grade III in group 1, 6.3%, 18.7%, 43.8% and 31.2% in group 2 and 38%, 36.0%, 20% and 6% in group 3, respectively. The scores in groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than in group 3 (P = 0.001, chi(2) = 39.84). The mean values of TFBUT of groups 1, 2 and 3 were 5.91 +/- 3.27, 7.39 +/- 4.82, 10.96 +/- 3.81 s and the mean values of BST were 7.82 +/- 3.56, 9.04 +/- 4.60 and 12.50 +/- 5.25 mm/5 min, respectively. The values of TFBUT and BST were lower in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The conjunctival changes in PEX and PEXG patients recorded in this study may explain the existence of tear film abnormalities in these patients. It has been shown that PEXG and PEX syndrome cause conjunctival surface changes and reduction of tear film functions.     

Differences between Goldmann Applanation Tonometry and Dynamic Contour Tonometry in pseudoexfoliation syndrome

Purpose: To evaluate differences between Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT) and Dynamic Controur Tonometry (DCT) in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). Methods: Thirty‐eight patients (38 eyes) with PEX in both eyes (pseudoexfoliative group, PG) as well as 19 patients (19 eyes) without PEX in either eye (control group, CG), were included. All eyes were phakic. GAT, DCT, the central corneal thickness (CCT) and the axial length of the eyeball (AL) were measured and the difference between GAT and DCT (dIOP) was calculated. Differences in dIOP between CG and PG and correlations of dIOP with CCT and AL were examined. Results: dIOP was significantly (P = 0.02) higher in PG (mean value 3.69 mmHg), compared with CG (mean value 2.15 mmHg). In PG (but not in CG), dIOP was also significantly correlated with AL but not with CCT. Conclusion: The fact that dIOP was significantly higher in PG than in CG implies that PEX may affect ocular biomechanical properties. The significant association of dIOP with AL but not with CCT is in agreement with previous reports and complies with the fact that pseudoexfoliative material is not deposited in corneal stroma.     

Retinal nerve fiber layer measurements using laser scanning polarimetry in different stages of glaucomatous optic nerve damage

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of polarimetric measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in different stages of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. METHODS: The study included 92 eyes of 46 controls (age 41.0+/-13.7 years) and a heterogeneous group of 232 eyes of 135 patients with different stages of glaucomatous optic nerve damage (age 54.0+/-10.2 years; 68 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, 56 with normal-pressure glaucoma and 11 patients with secondary glaucoma due to primary dispersion syndrome or pseudoexfoliation syndrome). All control subjects and patients underwent complete ophthalmological examinations including scanning laser polarimetry of the RNFL using the GDx (Laser Diagnostic Technologies, San Diego, Calif.) and 15 degrees color stereo optic disc photographs. Only subjects and patients with disc area less than 3.4 mm(2) were included in the study. The total glaucoma group were divided into four subgroups according to the morphological criteria of the neuroretinal rim. RESULTS: The stage of morphological glaucomatous optic nerve damage was classified as follows: stage 0: n=92, stage 1: n=103, stage 2: n=65, stage 3: n=40, and stage 4: n=19. Differences in mean polarimetric retardation between controls and eyes with glaucoma were significant for all parameters except the variable symmetry. The most significant differences between controls and eyes with glaucomatous optic nerve damage were found with the "number" variable assigned by the neural network analysis ( P<0.001). With increasing stage of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, separation of the variable "the number" increased significantly. At a predetermined specificity of 90% the sensitivity of the groups with different stages of morphological glaucomatous optic nerve damage increased from 32% for stage 1 to 90% for stage 4. CONCLUSION: Polarimetric measurement of the RNFL thickness is significantly associated with morphological glaucomatous optic nerve damage. The fast performance, easy handling, and low cost of RNFL polarimetry mean that it can be included in the routine examination of glaucoma patients. Further study and refinement of this technique are indicated to improve its usefulness in both clinical diagnosis and in population-based case identification.     

DR早期视网膜神经纤维层和角膜神经的变化及其相关性

目的:观察无视网膜微血管病变的糖尿病患者的视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)和角膜神经纤维(CNF)变化,以及两者变化的相关性.方法:收集40例40眼2型糖尿病患者,经散瞳眼底检查未发现糖尿病视网膜病变,均接受光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查和活体角膜共聚焦显微镜(IVCM)检查.另收集年龄匹配的80例80眼健康正常眼为对照,分为40例40眼只行OCT检查的RNFL对照组和40例40眼只行IVCM检查的CNF对照组.利用OCT观察视乳头上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧和平均RNFL厚度,用IVCM观察角膜上皮下角膜神经纤维长度和角膜神经密度.结果:糖尿病组的视乳头上方、颞侧、鼻侧及平均RNFL与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但视乳头下方RNFL糖尿病组比RNFL对照组减少,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003).糖尿病组的角膜神经纤维长度、角膜神经密度均比CNF对照组减少(P<0.01).糖尿病组中,平均RNFL与角膜神经纤维长度和角膜神经密度呈正相关(r=0.518,P<0.01;r=0.484,P=0.002),下方RNFL与角膜神经纤维长度和角膜神经密度呈正相关(r=0.607,P<0.01;r=0.573,P<0.01).结论:糖尿病患者在未发现糖尿病视网膜病变前同时存在视网膜神经纤维层和角膜神经的丢失,视网膜神经纤维层变薄主要表现在下方象限,视网膜神经纤维层的变薄与角膜神经的减少呈正相关.     

RNFL和GCC在早期慢性原发性闭角型青光眼诊断的临床意义

目的：观察视网膜视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层( retina nerve fiber layer, RNFL )厚度和神经节细胞复合体( ganglion cell complex,GCC)厚度对慢性原发性闭角型青光眼( chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma,CPACG)的诊断价值,研究其和平均视野缺损( MD)的相关性。
　　方法：选取早期 CPACG 患者21例38眼,疑似青光眼( suspected glaucoma, SG)患者25例46眼和正常对照25例49眼进行 SD-OCT 检查,测量平均及各个象限的RNFL厚度和GCC厚度,分析RNFL厚度和GCC厚度与视野MD的相关性。
　　结果：CPACG组的平均和各象限RNFL厚度和GCC厚度与正常对照存在显著性差异(P<0.01),与SG组比较,平均及上方(P<0.01)、下方(P<0.05)RNFL厚度存在显著性差异,平均和各象限 GCC 厚度存在显著性差异( P<0.01)。 CPACG组RNFL(r=0.65)、GCC(r=0.72)均与MD呈明显的正相关。
　　结论：RNFL厚度和GCC厚度对早期CPACG的诊断和病情监测中具有临床价值,GCC厚度的临床意义可能更佳。