Social inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake for children and adolescents in Montreal,Canada

BackgroundThe success of current and prospective COVID-19 vaccine campaigns for children and adolescents will in part depend on the willingness of parents to accept vaccination. This study examined social determinants of parental COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake for children and adolescents.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from an ongoing COVID-19 cohort study in Montreal, Canada and included all parents of 2 to 18-year-olds who completed an online questionnaire between May 18 and June 26, 2021 (n = 809). We calculated child age-adjusted prevalence estimates of vaccine acceptance by parental education, race/ethnicity, birthplace, household income, and neighbourhood, and used multinomial logistic regression to estimate adjusted prevalence differences (aPD) and ratios (aPR). Social determinants of vaccine uptake were examined for the vaccine-eligible sample of 12 to 18 year-olds (n = 306).ResultsIntention to vaccinate children against COVID-19 was high, with only 12.4% of parents unlikely to have their child vaccinated. Parents with younger children were less likely to accept vaccination, as were those from lower-income households, racialized groups, and those born outside Canada. Children from households with annual incomes <$100,000 had 18.4 percent lower prevalence of being vaccinated/very likely vaccinated compared to household incomes ≥$150,000 (95% CI: 10.1 to 26.7). Racialized parents reported greater unwillingness to vaccinate vs. White parents (aPD = 10.3; 95% CI: 1.5, 19.1). Vaccine-eligible adolescents from the most deprived neighbourhood were half as likely to be vaccinated compared to those from the least deprived neighbourhood (aPR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.77).Interpretation.This study identified marked social inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake for children and adolescents. Efforts are needed to reach disadvantaged and marginalized populations with tailored strategies that promote informed decision making and facilitate access to vaccination.     

Role of neighborhood social support in stress coping and psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Hubei,China

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in China, has caused severe health problems and imposed a tremendous psychological impact on the public. This study investigated the risk and protective factors associated with psychological distress among Hubei residents during the peak of the outbreak. Data were obtained from a combined online and telephone survey of 1,682 respondents. Various COVID-19-related stressors, including risk exposure, limited medical treatment access, inadequate basic supplies, reduced income, excessive exposure to COVID-19-related information, and perceived discrimination, were associated with psychological distress. Neighborhood social support can reduce psychological distress and buffer the effect of COVID-19-related stressors, whereas support from friends/relatives affected stress coping limitedly. Interventions to reduce stressors and promote neighborhood support are vital to reduce psychological distress during infectious disease outbreaks.     

Racial/ethnic minority and neighborhood disadvantage leads to disproportionate mortality burden and years of potential life lost due to COVID-19 in Chicago,Illinois

Epidemiological studies have highlighted the disparate impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on racial and ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, but data at the neighborhood-level is sparse. The objective of this study was to investigate the disparate impact of COVID-19 on disadvantaged neighborhoods and racial/ethnic minorities in Chicago, Illinois. Using data from the Cook County Medical Examiner, we conducted a neighborhood-level analysis of COVID-19 decedents in Chicago and quantified age-standardized years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to COVID-19 among demographic subgroups and neighborhoods with geospatial clustering of high and low rates of COVID-19 mortality. We show that age-standardized YPLL was markedly higher among the non-Hispanic (NH) Black (559 years per 100,000 population) and the Hispanic (811) compared with NH white decedents (312). We demonstrate that geomapping using residential address data at the individual-level identifies hot-spots of COVID-19 mortality in neighborhoods on the Northeast, West, and South areas of Chicago that reflect a legacy of residential segregation and persistence of inequality in education, income, and access to healthcare. Our results may contribute to ongoing public health and community-engaged efforts to prevent the spread of infection and mitigate the disproportionate loss of life among these communities due to COVID-19 as well as highlight the urgent need to broadly target neighborhood disadvantage as a cause of pervasive racial inequalities in life and health.     

A spatial analysis of the association between social vulnerability and the cumulative number of confirmed deaths from COVID-19 in United States counties through November 14, 2020

ObjectivesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is classified as a natural hazard, and social vulnerability describes the susceptibility of social groups to potential damages from natural hazards. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the association between social vulnerability and the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths (per 100,000) in 3,141 United States counties.MethodsThe cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths was obtained from USA Facts. Variables related to social vulnerability were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index and the 2018 5-Year American Community Survey. Data were analyzed using spatial autoregression models.ResultsLowest income and educational level, as well as high proportions of single parent households, mobile home residents, and people without health insurance were positively associated with a high cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths.ConclusionIn conclusion, there are regional differences in the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths in United States counties, which are affected by various social vulnerabilities. Hence, these findings underscore the need to take social vulnerability into account when planning interventions to reduce COVID-19 deaths.     

Do health trajectories predict neighborhood outcomes? Evidence of health selection in a diverse sample of U.S. adults

Across the United States, residents of lower income neighborhoods evince poorer health, on average, than residents of more affluent areas. Studies aiming to explain this pattern have focused largely on the effects of neighborhood characteristics on residents' health, often overlooking the possibility that the reverse causal process—that a person's health impacts where they live, or "health selection into neighborhoods"—also plays a role. We investigated processes of health selection using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a longitudinal survey of U.S. households. Using ordinary least squares linear regression, we estimated the effect of householders' self-rated health on their neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES, the Census tract-level family poverty rate) in 2013, adjusting for neighborhood SES and health in 2001 as well as sociodemographic characteristics and residential mobility. Poorer health was associated with residence in higher poverty neighborhoods overall. Stratified models indicated that while health selection was observed across both race/ethnicity and class boundaries, the relationship between poor health and neighborhood poverty was stronger among non-Hispanic Black respondents, those with low income, and respondents who either moved moderate distances or did not move at all during the study period. We conclude with a call for future work exploring the mechanisms leading those in worse health to reside in higher poverty neighborhoods, and for public health policies that seek not only to improve health supporting conditions in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods, but that also support the economic and social needs of residents struggling with health problems.     

Factors Affecting Public Non-compliance With Large-scale Social Restrictions to Control COVID-19 Transmission in Greater Jakarta,Indonesia

Objectives:The Indonesian government issued large-scale social restrictions (called Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar, or PSBB) at the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to control the spread of COVID-19 in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Greater Jakarta). Public compliance poses a challenge when implementing large-scale social restrictions, and various factors have contributed to public non-compliance with the regulation. This study aimed to determine the degree of non-compliance and identify the factors that contributed to public non-compliance with the PSBB in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods:This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 839 residents of Greater Jakarta participated in this study. Data were collected online using a Google Form, and convenience sampling was undertaken. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationships between public non-compliance with the PSBB regulation and socio-demographic variables, respondents’ opinion of the PSBB, and social capital.Results:A total of 22.6% of subjects reported participating in activities that did not comply with the PSBB. The variables that most affected non-compliance with the PSBB were age, gender, income, opinion of the PSBB, and social capital.Conclusions:Strengthening social capital and providing information about COVID-19 prevention measures, such as washing one’s hands with soap, wearing masks properly, and maintaining social distancing, is essential. Robust public understanding will foster trust and cooperation with regard to COVID-19 prevention efforts and provide a basis for mutual agreement regarding rules/penalties.     

居民对新冠肺炎疫情预防措施行为依从性影响因素研究

[目的]了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间居民预防措施行为依从性的影响因素,为提高居民突发公共卫生事件行为依从性提供依据.[方法]采用问卷调查法为主,当面访问为辅的问卷收集方法.[结果] 388名居民中,居住在农村地区的居民比居住在城市地区的居民行为依从性低20％.自评健康与居民行为依从性呈正相关关系,自评健康每增加1个单位...     

Socio-demographic disparities in knowledge,practices, and ability to comply with COVID-19 public health measures in Canada

ObjectivesThe effectiveness of public health interventions for mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on individual attitudes, compliance, and the level of support available to allow for compliance with these measures. The aim of this study was to describe attitudes and behaviours towards the Canadian COVID-19 public health response, and identify risk-modifying behaviours based on socio-demographic characteristics.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was administered in May 2020 to members of a paid panel representative of the Canadian population by age, gender, official language, and region of residence. A total of 4981 respondents provided responses for indicators of self-reported risk perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours towards COVID-19 public health measures.ResultsMore than 90% of respondents reported confidence in the ability to comply with a variety of public health measures. However, only 51% reported preparedness for illness in terms of expectation to work if sick or access to paid sick days. Risk perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours varied by demographic variables. Men, younger age groups, and those in the paid workforce were less likely to consider public health measures to be effective, and had less confidence in their ability to comply. Approximately 80% of respondents reported that parents provided childcare and 52% reported that parents in the workforce provided childcare while schools were closed.ConclusionPolicies to help address issues of public adherence include targeted messaging for men and younger age groups, social supports for those who need to self-isolate, changes in workplace policies to discourage presenteeism, and provincially co-ordinated masking and safe school policies.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.17269/s41997-021-00501-y.Keywords: COVID-19, Attitude, Behaviour, Risk perception, Survey     

新型冠状病毒肺炎防控知识大众知晓情况调查分析

目的 通过开展线上问卷调查,了解公众对新型冠状病毒肺炎重要防控知识的知晓情况,以更好地开展后续宣传教育工作。 方法 使用问卷星生成问卷,并通过中国疾病预防控制中心官方微信公众号发布,应用SPSS 18.0软件进行数据分析。采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法进行分类资料样本间率的比较,采用logistic多因素进行二元回归分析。 结果 本次网络调查共收集有效应答问卷7 011份,大众对新冠肺炎两个主要传播途径(呼吸道飞沫传播和接触传播)的认知率分别为99.7%和97.5%。不同年龄、职业在新冠肺炎基本特征、疾病严重程度的认知存在显著性差异。农民、务工人员和学生对传播途径和疾病主要特征的正确认知率均较低,18～29岁人群对“儿童症状较轻”的认知率最低(62.7%)。73.3%的调查对象认为新冠肺炎“较重”或“很重”,年轻、文化水平较高人群及医务人员中,认为新冠肺炎严重的比例低于年老或受教育程度低者。 结论 大众普遍正确掌握新冠肺炎主要传播途径;不同年龄、职业的社会大众对新冠肺炎防控知识的认知存在显著性差异,这种差异会影响对新冠肺炎严重程度的判断。本次针对新冠肺炎的主动宣教效果显著,但除重视传统传播渠道外,应结合新媒体、标语等多种途径,对不同社交活跃程度的人群开展针对性宣传,以提高宣传效果,落实精准防控。     

Willingness to pay and financing preferences for COVID-19 vaccination in China

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant diseases and economic burdens in the world. Vaccines are often considered as a cost-effective way to prevent and control infectious diseases, and the research and development of COVID-19 vaccines have been progressing unprecedently. It is needed to understand individuals’ willingness to pay (WTP) among general population, which provides information about social demand, access and financing for future COVID-19 vaccination.ObjectiveTo investigate individuals’ WTP and financing mechanism preference for COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic period in China.MethodsDuring March 1–18, 2020, we conducted a network stratified random sampling survey with 2058 respondents in China. The survey questionnaires included out-of-pocket WTP, financing mechanism preference as well as basic characteristics of the respondents; risk perception and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; attitude for future COVID-19 vaccination. Multivariable Tobit regression was used to determine impact factors for respondents’ out-of-pocket WTP.ResultsThe individuals’ mean WTP for full COVID-19 vaccination was CNY 254 (USD 36.8) with median of CNY 100 (USD 14.5). Most respondents believed that governments (90.9%) and health insurance (78.0%) needed to pay for some or full portions of COVID-19 vaccination, although 84.3% stated that individuals needed to pay. Annual family income, employee size in the workplace, and whether considering the COVID-19 pandemic in China in a declining trend affected respondents’ WTP significantly.ConclusionThe findings demonstrated the individuals’ WTP for COVID-19 vaccination in China and their preferences for financing sources from individuals, governments and health insurance. And to suggest an effective and optimal financing strategy, the public health perspective with equal access to COVID-19 vaccination should be prioritized to ensure a high vaccination rate.     

新冠肺炎疫情防控知识、技能和心理状况调查分析

目的 了解居民新冠肺炎疫情防控的知识、技能和心理行为状况,为疫情防控的居民宣教和心理干预提供科学依据.方法 使用自制问卷,采用方便抽样法抽取调查对象,使用自制电子问卷进行调查.所有数据使用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析,定量资料进行方差分析和t检验.结果 收到447份有效问卷中,男性占51.90％,女性占48.10％....     

A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 on Asian Americans: Cross-sectional Survey Study

BackgroundThe diverse Asian American population has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but due to limited data and other factors, disparities experienced by this population are hidden.ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the Asian American community’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Greater San Francisco Bay Area, California, and to better inform a Federally Qualified Health Center’s (FQHC) health care services and response to challenges faced by the community.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey between May 20 and June 23, 2020, using a multipronged recruitment approach, including word-of-mouth, FQHC patient appointments, and social media posts. The survey was self-administered online or administered over the phone by FQHC staff in English, Cantonese, Mandarin, and Vietnamese. Survey question topics included COVID-19 testing and preventative behaviors, economic impacts of COVID-19, experience with perceived mistreatment due to their race/ethnicity, and mental health challenges.ResultsAmong 1297 Asian American respondents, only 3.1% (39/1273) had previously been tested for COVID-19, and 46.6% (392/841) stated that they could not find a place to get tested. In addition, about two-thirds of respondents (477/707) reported feeling stressed, and 22.6% (160/707) reported feeling depressed. Furthermore, 5.6% (72/1275) of respondents reported being treated unfairly because of their race/ethnicity. Among respondents who experienced economic impacts from COVID-19, 32.2% (246/763) had lost their regular jobs and 22.5% (172/763) had reduced hours or reduced income. Additionally, 70.1% (890/1269) of respondents shared that they avoid leaving their home to go to public places (eg, grocery stores, church, and school).ConclusionsWe found that Asian Americans had lower levels of COVID-19 testing and limited access to testing, a high prevalence of mental health issues and economic impacts, and a high prevalence of risk-avoidant behaviors (eg, not leaving the house) in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings provide preliminary insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Asian American communities served by an FQHC and underscore the longstanding need for culturally and linguistically appropriate approaches to providing mental health, outreach, and education services. These findings led to the establishment of the first Asian multilingual and multicultural COVID-19 testing sites in the local area where the study was conducted, and laid the groundwork for subsequent COVID-19 programs, specifically contact tracing and vaccination programs.     

Were we happy and we didn’t know it? A subjective dynamic and financial assessment pre-, during and post-COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many changes into people’s lives. Fear, job insecurity, changes in their financial stability, concerns about their future lives have changed the entire lives of people and have affected the cognitive well-being of individuals. The purpose of the present analysis is to measure how the COVID-19 pandemic, along with financial factors, has affected the perceived level of well-being of individuals. We are also interested whether there are differences between life before COVID-19, life now with COVID-19, and life after the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of future expectations. To address this objective, we performed an ANOVA approach and a GLM estimate on repeated measures for a large sample (1572 respondents) from 43 worldwide countries, during the period May 2020 and July 2021. Our results show that financial factors reflected by both the size of income and changes in personal or family income affect the levels of happiness. Robustness checks using stress as an alternative estimator for happiness have consolidated our results. Additionally, we find that well-being during COVID-19 compared to the previous period decreased, while in future, people expect to be happier, but not more than in the past when they did not know about the existence of this virus. This is one of the first studies to investigate the relationship between happiness and income before, during, and after COVID-19. These findings are important for policymakers to improve the conditions of living in the areas of health and financial stability.

     

Predictors of COVID-19 Information Sources and Their Perceived Accuracy in Nigeria: Online Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundEffective communication is critical for mitigating the public health risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveThis study assesses the source(s) of COVID-19 information among people in Nigeria, as well as the predictors and the perceived accuracy of information from these sources.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of consenting adults residing in Nigeria between April and May 2020 during the lockdown and first wave of COVID-19. The major sources of information about COVID-19 were distilled from 7 potential sources (family and friends, places of worship, health care providers, internet, workplace, traditional media, and public posters/banners). An open-ended question was asked to explore how respondents determined accuracy of information. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA 15.0 software (StataCorp Texas) with significance placed at P<.05. Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee.ResultsA total of 719 respondents completed the survey. Most respondents (n=642, 89.3%) obtained COVID-19–related information from the internet. The majority (n=617, 85.8%) considered their source(s) of information to be accurate, and 32.6% (n=234) depended on only 1 out of the 7 potential sources of COVID-19 information. Respondents earning a monthly income between NGN 70,000-120,000 had lower odds of obtaining COVID-19 information from the internet compared to respondents earning less than NGN 20,000 (odds ratio [OR] 0.49, 95% CI 0.24-0.98). In addition, a significant proportion of respondents sought accurate information from recognized health organizations, such as the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and the World Health Organization.ConclusionsThe internet was the most common source of COVID-19 information, and the population sampled had a relatively high level of perceived accuracy for the COVID-19 information received. Effective communication requires dissemination of information via credible communication channels, as identified from this study. This can be potentially beneficial for risk communication to control the pandemic.     

Dynamic Public Perceptions of the Coronavirus Disease Crisis,the Netherlands, 2020

A key component of outbreak control is monitoring public perceptions and public response. To determine public perceptions and public responses during the first 3 months of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in the Netherlands, we conducted 6 repeated surveys of ≈3,000 persons. Generalized estimating equations analyses revealed changes over time as well as differences between groups at low and high risk. Overall, respondents perceived the risks associated with COVID-19 to be considerable, were positive about the mitigation measures, trusted the information and the measures from authorities, and adopted protective measures. Substantial increases were observed in risk perceptions and self-reported protective behavior in the first weeks of the outbreak. Individual differences were based mainly on participants’ age and health condition. We recommend that authorities constantly adjust their COVID-19 communication and mitigation strategies to fit public perceptions and public responses and that they tailor the information for different groups.     

25 170名小学生新型冠状病毒肺炎防护行为现况调查

目的 调查小学生在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间采取的防护行为。 方法 通过中国疾病预防控制中心微信公众号发布电子问卷,于2020年4月对学生家长开展调查。按31个省份城乡在校小学生数计算其分层权重,使用SPSS 27.0估算小学生近一周防护行为的加权比例及95%CI,采用χ²检验比较不同性别、年级、城乡、应急响应级别地区间防护行为的差异。 结果 25 170名小学生中,依从性最好的防护行为是避免乘坐公共交通工具 [96.1%(95%CI:92.8%~97.9%)] 和不参加聚会聚餐 [90.9%(95%CI:87.3%~93.6%)]。但仅64.4%(95%CI:59.1%~69.5%)遵循呼吸卫生礼仪,36.8%(95%CI:31.8%~42.0%)洗手时长≥20 s,16.8%(95%CI:13.1%~21.2%)1 d体育锻炼时间≥1 h。男、女生防护行为无统计学差异,低年级学生较少能够做到不与其他孩子一起玩耍(76.8% vs. 85.4%; χ²=293.89, P<0.05)。农村地区学生外出佩戴医用或N95口罩(72.1% vs. 83.3%; χ²=131.24, P<0.05)、回家后总是马上洗手(77.9% vs. 90.2%; χ²=228.27, P<0.01)的比例较低。不同应急响应地区间学生外出时总是携带免洗手部消毒物品的比例存在显著差异(χ²=244.16, P<0.01)。 结论 小学生对新冠肺炎防护行为的依从性较好,但仍需针对呼吸卫生礼仪、手卫生和体育锻炼等加强健康教育,设计行为干预项目。不同年级、城乡间小学生防护行为存在差异,应采取特异性干预措施。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎流行对HIV感染者卫生需求影响的快速评估

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发流行对HIV感染者卫生需求影响，为政府和感染者社区快速制定应对措施提供参考依据。方法 于2020年2月5-10日，通过网络招募年满18周岁并已开始服用抗反转录病毒药物（ARV）的HIV感染者参加网络匿名调查，了解新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间，受访者在预防新型冠状病毒肺炎、获取HIV防治相关服务和心理支持需求等方面的信息。结果 调查共收集1 014份来自全国各省的HIV感染者的调查问卷，93.79%的调查对象表示自己所在的社区提供了新型冠状病毒肺炎的预防信息，同时更加关心HIV感染者相关的新型冠状病毒肺炎预防措施以及防护品短缺问题；32.64%的调查对象表示自己现有的ARV不足以满足交通和旅行管制期间的需求，其中部分感染者在未来1个月面临断药风险。湖北省需要补充药物的HIV感染者中，64.15%的人表示因为"封锁和行动受限"而难以获得HIV治疗药物。调查还发现，28.93%的调查对象希望获得社会心理支持；对政府的期待方面，85.31%的调查对象希望可以进一步完善HIV感染者异地取药流程。结论 HIV感染者希望了解该人群预防新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发的相关信息，部分返乡或居住在交通管制地区的感染者，仍存在定期领药等方面的困难。疫情形势下，HIV感染者获取药物面临困难，我们应当进一步开展系统调查了解新型冠状病毒肺炎流行对HIV感染的影响，并提高卫生系统应急储备和处置能力。     

Evidence of Social and Structural COVID-19 Disparities by Sexual Orientation,Gender Identity,and Race/Ethnicity in an Urban Environment

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread social, psychological, and economic impacts. However, these impacts are not distributed equally: already marginalized populations, specifically racial/ethnic minority groups and sexual and gender minority populations, may be more likely to suffer the effects of COVID-19. The COVID-19 Resiliency Survey was conducted by the city of Chicago to assess the impact of COVID-19 on city residents in the wake of Chicago’s initial lockdown, with particular focus on the experiences of minority populations. Chi-square tests of independence were performed to compare COVID-19-related outcomes and impacts on heterosexual vs. sexual minority populations, cisgender vs. gender minority populations, and White vs. racial/ethnic minority subgroups. Marginalized populations experienced significant disparities in COVID-19 exposure, susceptibility, and treatment access, as well as in psychosocial effects of the pandemic. Notably, Black and Latinx populations reported significant difficulties accessing food and supplies (p = 0.002). Healthcare access disparities were also visible, with Black and Latinx respondents reporting significantly lower levels of access to a provider to see if COVID-19 testing would be appropriate (p = 0.013), medical services (p = 0.001), and use of telehealth for mental health services (p = 0.001). Sexual minority respondents reported significantly lower rates of using telehealth for mental health services (p = 0.011), and gender minority respondents reported significantly lower levels of primary care provider access (p = 0.016). There are evident COVID-19 disparities experienced in Chicago especially for Black, Latinx, sexual minority, and gender minority groups. A greater focus must be paid to health equity, including providing increased resources and supplies for affected groups, adapting to inequities in the built environment, and ensuring adequate access to healthcare services to ameliorate the burden of COVID-19 on these marginalized populations.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11524-020-00497-9.     

宜城市2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎流行特征分析

目的 了解宜城市新型冠状病毒肺炎流行特征,为预防和控制新型冠状病毒肺炎提供科学依据。方法 采用描述流行病学分析方法对宜城市2020年1—2月新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情进行分析。结果 2020年1月1日至2月29日宜城市共报告确诊病例72例,发病率13.02/10万,死亡3例,死亡率0.54/10万,病死率4.17%。1月21日至2月1日12 d发病49例,占发病总数的68.06%。以城区鄢城办事处发病率最高,发病率、构成比分别为31.16/10万、55.56%。发病以20岁以上成人为主,占98.61%,男女发病率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。职业以农民、离退人员、公共场所服务员和干部职员为主,占65.28%。病例呈聚集性,以家庭聚集性为主,其中涉及病例31例,密切接触者70人。以武汉居住或旅行输入为主,占50.00%。从发病至诊断为疑似病例的时间中位数为4.5 d。从发病至确诊的时间中位数为6 d。结论 宜城市新型冠状病毒肺炎在城区发病率高,短时间形成发病高峰,发病以20岁以上成人为主,无性别差异,具有家庭聚集性和早期病例的武汉输入性等特征。政府主导的综合防控措施控制了疫情的进一步发展,防控要注意家庭内传播的控制,对无症状感染者的筛查与隔离也是防控措施的重要环节。