Transtibial versus anteromedial portal of the femoral tunnel in ACL reconstruction: a cadaveric study

The aim of this cadaveric study was to compare the transtibial versus the anteromedial portal with respect to the anatomic femoral positioning of the ACL attachment. Ten fresh frozen cadaveric knees were included in our study. A standard arthroscopy was performed and the normal ACL was partially cut through with arthroscopic scissors leaving a small footprint of 2 mm at the anatomical insertion area on the lateral femoral condyle. The femoral tunnel was drilled through the tibial tunnel and subsequently through the anteromedial portal. Using a probe with standard magnification, we measured the distances of the two femoral tunnels from the margin of ACL footprint arthroscopically. The femurs were then dissected and we measured the distances of the two tunnels from the posterior part of the lateral femoral condyle. The median arthroscopically measured distance of the centers of transtibial femoral tunnel and of the femoral tunnel through the anteromedial portal from the margin of the femoral ACL footprint were 6.20 mm and 2.80 mm respectively. The difference was statistically significant. After femoral dissection the median distance of the centers of the transtibial femoral tunnel and the femoral tunnel performed through the anteromedial portal from the border of the articular surface at the lateral femoral condyle was 6.10 mm and 5.25 mm respectively (p<0.001). Both measurements showed that ACL reconstruction technique through the anteromedial portal is more accurate compared to the transtibial technique.     

High variability in anterior cruciate ligament femoral footprint: Implications for anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundThe study aimed to (1) investigate the variability of the femoral ACL center in ACL-ruptured patients, (2) identify whether the currently available over-the-top femoral ACL guides could allow for anatomical reconstruction of the native ACL footprint.Material and methodsMagnetic resonance images of 95 knees with an ACL rupture were used to create three-dimensional models of the femur. The femoral ACL footprint area was outlined on each model, and the location of the femoral ACL center was reported using an anatomical coordinate system. The distance of the femoral ACL center from the over-the-top position was measured.ResultsThe femoral ACL center demonstrated a high intersubject variability ranging from 1.8 mm (9%) to 12.3 mm (60%) posterior and from 7.7 mm (37%) distal to 4.8 mm (23%) proximal using the posterior condyle circle reference. The average distance of the femoral ACL center from the over-the-top position was 1.9 ± 1.5 mm posterior and 13.8 ± 2.7 mm distal, respectively. The contemporary over-the-top femoral ACL aimers could restore the femoral ACL center in only 6.5% of the patients.ConclusionsThe femoral ACL center demonstrated a high variation on its location, which resulted in a high intersubject variability from the over-the-top position. The contemporary over-the-top femoral tunnel guides do not provide sufficient offset to allow for an anatomical ACL reconstruction. Anteromedial-portal specific femoral ACL guides with a femoral offset ranging from 10 to 18 mm in the proximal/distal direction are required to restore the native ACL footprint.     

Knee stiffness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: The incidence and associated factors of knee stiffness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

We reviewed 100 patients retrospectively following primary ACL reconstruction with quadruple hamstring autografts to evaluate the incidence and factors associated with postoperative stiffness. Stiffness was defined as any loss of motion using the contra-lateral leg as a control. The median delay between injury and operation was 15 months.The incidence of stiffness was 12% at 6 months post-reconstruction. Both incomplete attendance at physiotherapy (p < 0.005) and previous knee surgery (p < 0.005) were the strongest predictors of the stiffness. Anterior knee pain was also associated with the stiffness (p < 0.029). Factors that failed to show a significant association with the stiffness included associated MCL sprain at injury (p = 0.32), post-injury stiffness (p = 1.00) and concomitant menisectomy at reconstruction (p = 0.54). Timing of surgery also did not appear to influence the onset of stiffness (median delays: 29 months for stiff patients; 14 months for non-stiff patients). The rate of stiffness fell to 5% at 12 months postreconstruction, without operative intervention.     

单束前交叉韧带重建股骨侧定位点的选择进展

膝关节前交叉韧带断裂是一种常见的运动损伤,损伤后前交叉韧带(ACL)手术重建是膝关节重获稳定性的重要手段,ACL重建是否成功的关键因素之一便是移植物隧道的选择,特别是股骨侧隧道的选择对重建术后膝关节的稳定性及功能康复起到关键作用。目前单束前交叉韧带重建目前逐渐成为主流的韧带重建技术。单束ACL重建时,股骨侧隧道内口定位点的选择是随着ACL的解剖和生物力学研究的深入以及手术技术的提升不断变化的,每种技术都有其产生的背景、优势与不足,最佳的股骨隧道内口位置的选择一直有不同观点。本文就单束ACL重建技术中股骨侧隧道内口定位点的演变及进展做一综述,对临床有一定的指导价值。     

Bone tunnel change develops within two weeks of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring autograft: A comparison of different postoperative immobilization periods using computed tomography

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone tunnel changes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction during the early postoperative period using computed tomography (CT), and to understand the impact of postoperative immobilization on these changes.

A new femoral fixation device for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the outside-in technique and hamstring tendon graft: A comparison between two devices in cadaveric human knee models

Background

A new device (T-anchor) was developed for ACL reconstruction and is implanted via the outside-in technique using hamstring grafts. The purpose of this study was to compare the T-anchor with the EndoButton Direct.

前交叉韧带重建中电磁导航系统辅助骨隧道定位的准确性

文题释义：电磁导航系统：由台车、磁场发生器、配套机械臂及附件组成。采用电磁技术结合计算机辅助系统,可在遮挡的情况下进行精确实时的空间三维定位,可在具有医用级别金属的环境中工作。根据术前规划结合合适的配准方式,系统可预先校准,快速设置,立即使用,实时导航。适用于骨外科、神经外科、耳鼻喉外科、腹腔镜疗法、内窥镜治疗等领域。骨隧道定位：前交叉韧带重建中建立的骨隧道是固定移植物和发挥移植物功能的关键,良好的骨隧道位置能极大提高患膝功能,尽管关节镜技术已取得极大的进展,但仍有患者出现因骨隧道定位不当发生的移植物病理性松弛和膝关节不稳定等不良结果。因个体差异,使用传统的关节镜技术形成一个解剖上正确的骨隧道仍有一定的困难。术前手术计划和导航系统在准确性和可重复性方面为定位骨隧道位置和方向提供了良好的辅助作用。背景：前交叉韧带重建中骨隧道定位的准确性和可重复性一直是难点,电磁导航系统作为一种新型导航技术在应用中可以实现三维空间内定位,希望可以弥补外科医生在手动完成骨隧道时产生的失误。目的：验证一种新型电磁导航系统在前交叉韧带重建中骨隧道解剖定位的可行性及准确度。方法：新鲜冰冻膝关节标本30例,切断前交叉韧带制备前交叉韧带断裂膝关节标本。随机分成2组,分别采用电磁导航结合关节镜(导航组)及传统关节镜(对照组)定位骨隧道。术后行膝关节侧位片检查,观察2组标本骨隧道的出口位置,测量胫骨隧道中点在胫骨平台前后径上的位置,测量Blumensaat线与胫骨隧道中轴线之间的角度(α角),测量股骨隧道在Blumensaat线上的位置。结果与结论：①在导航组中,膝关节伸直位时的侧位X射线片显示所有胫骨隧道的前缘位于Blumensaat线延长线与胫骨胫骨平台交点的略后方,避免了髁间碰撞;对照组有2例胫骨隧道前缘位于Blumensaat线略前方;②导航组Blumensaat线的延长线与胫骨平台水平交点处至胫骨隧道前边缘之间的距离(a)、a与胫骨平台前后径宽度(c)的比值以及α角均较对照组更小(P < 0.05),这增加了胫骨隧道定位的准确性;③2组胫骨隧道位置差异无显著性意义(P=0.323);但导航组胫骨隧道中心位置变化范围(38.1%-53.8%)略低于对照组(30.4%-56.4%);同时导航组a距离(0.1-3.2 mm)的变化范围较对照组(-2.1-5.7 mm)小,骨髓道定位更严格,胫骨隧道定位的可重复性增加;④分析股骨隧道位置,所有导航组均在在后上象限(4/4)的位置,对于对照组有13例。与对照组相比导航组股骨隧道位置更靠后(P=0.001),导航组相对偏后的股骨隧道可以更加保证膝关节的稳定性;⑤说明在尸体膝关节实验中,电磁导航技术可以用于辅助前交叉韧带重建过程中骨隧道的定位,增加了骨隧道的精确性和可重复性,但存在人为和电磁导航系统误差,在临床应用中仍需改进。ORCID: 0000-0003-1765-3457(贾国庆)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Clinical outcomes of anatomic,all-inside,anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

Background

This paper reports the outcomes of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction using a TransLateral single bundle, all-inside hamstring technique at a minimum of two year follow-up.

Femoral tunnel placement in single-bundle,remnant-preserving anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a posterior trans-septal portal

BackgroundAnatomic tunnel formation and remnant preservation are valuable aspects of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, anatomic landmarks are difficult to observe during remnant-preserving ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The aims of this study were to evaluate the: 1) femoral tunnel location created with guidance from the apex of the deep cartilage margin (ADC) and footprint compared to anatomical reference; and 2) relationship between femoral tunnel location and outcomes of ACLR.MethodsA total of 109 ACLR patients without revision ACLR, multi-ligament reconstruction, peri-knee fracture, and osteotomy were included. The femoral tunnel was formed at the most proximal corner of the femoral footprint using a posterior trans-septal portal as the viewing portal. The distance from the tunnel center to ADC was measured by computed tomography and arthroscopy. The two measurements were then compared. Finally, femoral tunnel location was compared to the anatomic reference and correlated with the outcomes.ResultsThe average distance from ADC to the femoral tunnel center was 7.0 ± 1.4 mm as measured by arthroscopy, and 7.2 ± 2.0 mm using three-dimensional computed tomography. There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.420). Clinical and stability outcomes were significantly improved postoperatively. Clinical outcome was not related to femoral tunnel location; however, stability outcome was related to femoral tunnel location: the more proximally located femoral tunnels showed better stability.ConclusionThe ADC can be a possible landmark in remnant-preserving ACLR using a trans-septal portal. A more proximal femoral tunnel, which is located at the proximal corner of the ACL remnant, can provide stability advantage during remnant-preserving ACLR.     

LARS人工韧带保残重建治疗前交叉韧带损伤的临床研究

目的观察人工韧带加强系统(LARS)人工韧带保残重建治疗前交叉韧带损伤的早期临床效果。方法回顾性分析北部战区总医院2016年5月至2018年4月收治的66例行人工韧带重建术的前交叉韧带损伤军人的临床资料,按照手术方法的不同分为保残组36例(保留残端重建)和非保残组30例(术中完全清理残端)。分析2组患者术前及术后膝关节功能及本体感觉恢复情况。结果2组患者术后膝关节功能及本体感觉恢复情况均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3、6个月,保残组患者Lysholm评分、IKDC评分、Lachman试验结果和本体感觉测定结果均明显优于非保残组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用LARS人工韧带保残重建治疗前交叉韧带损伤的早期临床效果良好。     

自体单束前交叉韧带移植重建不同股骨隧道位置对髌股关节的影响

背景:研究显示,关节镜下膝关节单束前交叉韧带重建可以恢复膝关节的前向稳定性,但膝关节旋转稳定性及髌股关节匹配程度却受股骨及胫骨隧道中心位置的影响。目的:分析青壮年前交叉韧带重建不同股骨隧道中心点位置与髌股关节软骨情况及髌骨倾斜的关系,同时对患者研究因素进行相关性分析,从而进一步探讨对髌股关节软骨及髌骨位置影响最小的股骨隧道位置的选择。方法:将70例经过术前磁共振检查、查体及术中关节镜探查明确诊断为前交叉韧带断裂的患者,根据随机数字的奇偶将所有患者分为类等长组(使用股骨定位器定位于髁间窝外侧壁过顶点远端7 mm打入克氏针)和类解剖组(于髁间窝外侧壁、原前交叉韧带足印中心方向打入克氏针)。采用标准化网格系统上的近-远-前-后平面对股骨隧道中心坐标进行评估;前-后-内-外平面对胫骨隧道中心坐标进行评估,标记为象限Y%和象限X%。比较两组患者基线数据、髌股外侧角的差值、软骨定量T2值有无差异以及各研究因素之间相关性。研究方案的实施符合安徽医科大学第一附属医院的相关伦理要求,参与试验的患者均签署了"知情同意书"。结果与结论:①类解剖与类等长两组之间基线数据之间无显著性差异;髌股外侧角差值类解剖组(0.57±0.33)°<类等长组(1.55±0.36)°(P<0.001);②类解剖组髌骨内侧、髌骨外侧、滑车软骨T2值均小于类等长对应值;③象限X%与髌股外侧角差值具有显著负相关性(R=-0.664,P<0.01);象限Y%与髌股外侧角差值呈正相关(R=0.804,P<0.01);髌股外侧角差值与滑车及髌骨外软骨T2值明显正相关(R=0.651,0.655,P<0.01);滑车及髌骨外侧软骨T2值与术后Lysholm评分呈负相关(R=-0.505,-0.529,P<0.01);象限Y%与髌骨外侧T2值高度相关(R=0.825,P<0.01),与滑车软骨T2值显著相关(R=0.798,P<0.01);象限X%与髌骨外侧及滑车软骨T2值呈显著负相关(R=-0.639,-0.657,P<0.01);④结果说明,通过对单束前交叉韧带重建术后早期髌股关节改变的研究,发现类解剖重建相对于类等长重建后,髌股关节软骨退变程度和髌骨倾斜角度更小,要求手术者尽可能将股骨隧道中心点位置放置于类解剖位置,从而最大限度的减少髌股关节的退变。     

跟腱移植物与不同大小骨隧道匹配重建前交叉韧带

背景：前交叉韧带是维持膝关节稳定性的重要解剖结构,前交叉韧带重建后的腱骨愈合质量与临床功能康复一直备受关注。 目的：探讨在前交叉韧带重建术中采用相同直径的移植物与不同大小骨隧道相匹配,用组织学方法观察移植物肌腱与周围骨壁的愈合情况,同时用生物力学的方法检测其功能恢复情况。 方法：取犬自体中1/3跟腱作为前交叉韧带移植物,修整为相同直径4 mm。16只成年雄性杂交犬随机数字表法平均分配到4个组,完整切除前交叉韧带,于股骨和胫骨止点处分别制备胫骨、股骨隧道,直径分别为5,4.5,4,3.5 mm,并移植入待用跟腱链接于骨隧道内。重建后6周时,按常规麻醉处死实验犬,收集手术区域组织与器官,作解剖、苏木精-伊红染色组织学观察、生物力学检测及进行统计学分析。 结果与结论：前交叉韧带重建后6周,解剖观察移植物与骨隧道生长未见各组明显差异;苏木精-伊红染色发现腱骨愈合界面出现sharpey样纤维连接,3.5 mm骨隧道组胶原纤维较其他组致密有序;同时3.5 mm移植物生物力学检测结果优于同期各组。结果提示,在前交叉韧带重建中,减小与移植物匹配的骨隧道直径,使其肌腱与骨隧道之间紧密压配,能提供更加稳定的细胞生物学和力学环境,加快腱骨愈合界面的形成和改造,提高腱骨愈合质量。     

Functional outcomes and return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in recreational athletes: A systematic review

IntroductionOutcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are well reported in athletic populations, however surprisingly little information is available for the recreational athletes that make up the majority of cases. The aim was therefore to assess post-operative outcome and return-to-sport in recreational athletes following ACLR.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED and the grey literature according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies involving a clear definition of recreational athletes who underwent ACLR and recorded postoperative outcomes were included. Publication quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results107 studies were identified, 19 full-text records reviewed and 13 included, reflecting 1342 patients with an average age of 31.7 (SD 9.8) years. Mean follow-up was 43.6 (SD 42.8) months. Activity change post-surgery was reported in 92% (12/13) papers. Outcomes were assessed with the Tegner score in seven studies, four of which reported pre-injury scores, which worsened from 5.4 to 4.3 at final follow-up (76.5 months). 54% (7/13) studies reported return to pre-injury level of sport. In these, 59% (n = 327/555) achieved pre-injury level at a mean follow-up of 33.7 months (SD 38.6). The return-to-sports rate increased with length of follow-up. Methodological quality was moderate.ConclusionSubstantial variation in the timeframes and outcomes assessed restricts pooled analysis of change in function. Based on seven studies, 59% of recreational athletes return to pre-injury level of sport following ACLR. The link between return rate and post-operative review timeframe suggests that longer follow-up may be required to capture return-to-sport rates in this population.     

Outcomes of trans-tibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a fovea landmark technique in relation to tunnel position and serial tunnel configuration

PurposeTo evaluate (1) the outcome of PCL reconstruction with tibial suspensory fixation using a fovea landmark technique based on the tunnel position and serial change of the tunnel configuration after trans-tibial PCL reconstruction, and (2) whether suspensory fixation has any harmful effect on the outcome.MethodsA total of 48 knees that underwent PCL reconstruction were included. The tunnel position was analyzed using CT. To analyze the tunnel configuration, the tunnel diameter, area, and volume were measured. To evaluate the outcome, pre- and postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores were analyzed. To evaluate stability, a side-to-side difference was evaluated using Telos stress radiographs.ResultsThe greatest configurational change occurred at the mid-portion of tibial tunnel. There was a correlation between stability and tibial tunnel mid-portion configurational change (p < 0.01). Important correlations were found between the tunnel position and serial tunnel configuration between high femoral tunnel and widest site of femoral tunnel and tibia aperture (p < 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). The diameter of widest site of tibia tunnel increased when the tibia tunnel center moved toward the posterior margin of the tibia (p = 0.02) and the percentage of femoral tunnel volume enlargement increased when the tibia tunnel center moved toward the medial edge of the PCL fovea (p = 0.02).ConclusionsA high femoral tunnel, medial tibial tunnel, and posterior tibial tunnel were related to the serial configurational change. A suspensory tibial fixation produced significant configurational change around the mid-portion of the tibial tunnel, and it induced a negative effect on stability.Level of Evidence: Level IV.     

Viscoelastic and failure properties of two configurations of triple-folded hamstring tendons used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

BackgroundHamstring autografts are commonly used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Different folding techniques exist in tripling the semitendinosus. Few anatomical studies exist in evaluating their viscoelastic properties. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare the viscoelastic and failure properties of two hamstring graft configurations, the “Z” construct and “2” construct.MethodsTen matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric semitendinosus hamstring grafts were used to create the “2” configuration or “Z” configuration. The biomechanical testing consisted of four phases: preconditioning, where graft dimensions (mm) were measured; stress relaxation, where load, displacement and time data were collected and equilibrium relaxation (%) was calculated; dynamic creep, where the total construct elongation was calculated; and ramp-to-failure, where maximum failure load was recorded.ResultsThe “2” configuration demonstrated recorded forces (N) significantly greater at each time point when compared to the “Z” configuration during stress relaxation (p = 0.003). The “2” configuration exhibited significantly less construct elongation (mm) during dynamic creep at 10 cycles (p = 0.008) and 2000 cycles (p = 0.0001). The maximum measured load at failure was significantly greater in the “2” configuration constructs than “Z” configuration (p = 0.013). Moreover, the axial loads at 2, 3 and 4 mm of displacement were, on average, greater in the “2” configuration than “Z” configuration (p = 0.152; p = 0.080; p = 0.012), respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study provide support for folding techniques for tripled grafts to provide higher viscoelastic and failure properties for techniques with less suture interfaces. Future studies can potentially evaluate the clinical significance of these findings.     

关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带临床疗效比较的meta分析

目的:系统评价关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带在疼痛的控制和膝关节功能恢复等方面的有效性和安全性.方法:采用计算机和手工检索PubMed,The Cochrane Library,EMBASE,中国知网(CNKI),维普数据库(VIP)和万方数据库,搜集关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带临床疗效比较的前瞻性临床对照研究文献,检索时限均为从建库至2016年8月.根据渥太华纽卡斯尔标准(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,NOS)评估纳入的研究方法学质量,采用RevMan S.3软件进行meta分析.结果:共纳入8项前瞻性临床对照研究,371例前交叉韧带损伤患者.meta分析结果显示:LARS人工韧带移植组与自体肌腱移植组术后6个月Lysholm评分,MD=12.46,95％CI:12.46～15.74,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);术后6个月滕纳尔(Tegner)评分,MD=1.72,95％CI:1.45～1.99,P＜0.001,差异有统计学意义;术后12个月Lysholm评分,MD=4.31,95％CI:-0.70～9.32,差异无统计学意义(P=0.09);术后12个月Tegner评分,MD=0.52,95％CI:-0.21～1.24,差异无统计学意义(P=0.16).结论:在术后6个月时LARS人工韧带移植较自体腘绳肌腱移植进行前交叉韧带重建的效果更好;在术后12个月时,LARS人工韧带移植与自体腘绳肌腱移植进行前交叉韧带重建的疗效相当.     

Computer-assisted navigation in ACL reconstruction improves anatomic tunnel placement with similar clinical outcomes

BackgroundWhile the use of navigation systems in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction theoretically improves tunnel placement accuracy and clinical outcomes, the existing literature remains inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of navigated ACL reconstruction on tunnel placement and clinical outcomes.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we evaluated a cohort of patients who underwent conventional or navigated (OrthoPilot system) primary ACL reconstruction at our institution from June 2004 to October 2009. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographic knee assessments were evaluated to assess postoperative tunnel positioning. Clinical outcomes, including the International Knee Documentation Committee classification, Lysholm score, and Tegner score, were evaluated preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. Radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared and analysed using independent 2-sample t-tests and Chi-square tests.ResultsSixty patients met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis, comprising of 26 navigated and 34 conventional reconstructions. Postoperative radiographs showed no differences in tibial tunnel position between both groups, but a significantly smaller deviation from the recommended position in the navigated group (navigated: 5.96 %; conventional: 7.92 %; p = 0.008). Femoral tunnel placements in the navigated group were significantly more perpendicularly away from the Blumensaat line (navigated: 38.90 %; conventional: 31.94 %; p = 0.001), with a greater deviation from recommended position (navigated: 11.00 %; conventional: 6.94 %; p = 0.009). There were no differences in 1-year postoperative clinical outcomes (p > 0.05).ConclusionNavigated ACL reconstruction resulted in a more anatomic femoral tunnel placement and similar clinical outcomes as conventional reconstruction. Further research should be conducted to clarify the potential biomechanical and clinical impacts of navigated ACL reconstruction.     

The diameter of single bundle,hamstring autograft does not significantly influence revision rate or clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure is a complication of ACL reconstruction (ALCR). Smaller autograft diameter may be a contributing factor. Our aim was to determine if hamstring autograft diameter influences graft rupture and patient-reported outcome scores.

Incorporating BMP-2 and skeletal muscle to a semitendinosus autograft in an oversized tunnel yields robust bone tunnel ossification in rabbits: Toward single-step revision of failed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Background

Bone tunnel widening after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a known complication that can lead to graft failure. Subsequent revision surgery typically involves a two-stage procedure. The aim of this study was to test a novel autologous tendon graft retaining muscle tissue combined with Human Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rh-BMP-2) leading to rapid ossification of the muscle tissue, simultaneously replenishing bone stock and producing a mechanically stable bone–tendon insertion.

本体感觉训练在关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后患者中的应用研究

目的：探讨关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后本体感觉训练和康复训练的方法及其效果。方法：选取2014年5月至2015年5月入住我院骨科70例关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后患者,使用随机数字表法分成两组,实验组35人,给予本科室制定的本体感觉训练计划,对照组35人,给予常规骨科护理。出院后随访6个月。观察患者术前及6个月结束时的位置觉测定、膝关节稳定度、膝关节活动度,并且评定术前、术后3个月及6个月结束时Berg平衡量表及膝关节Lysholm评分。结果：70人均完成6个月随访。术后6个月时,实验组关节位置觉、稳定度与活动度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月及6个月时,实验组Berg平衡量表评分及Lysholm评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：制定合理的本体感觉训练计划能帮助关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后功能尽快恢复。