有家族史的原发性高血压患者冠状动脉病变与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的 研究高血压家族史对原发性高血压患者的冠状动脉病变有无影响及冠状动脉病变与胰岛素抵抗的相关性.方法对160例预行冠状动脉造影检查且符合原发性高血压的患者进行问卷调查,按有无家族史分为(1)有家族史的高血压病组72例;(2)无家族史的高血压病组88例.每位患者均测量空腹胰岛素浓度及做冠状动脉造影检查.结果有家族史的高血压病组的空腹胰岛素浓度、胰岛素抵抗指数、甘油三酯浓度明显的大于无家族史的高血压组(P<0.01);有家族史的高血压病组有冠状动脉病变的比例达73.7%,而无家族史组为58.0%,两组比较有显著性差异,并且有家族史的高血压病组冠状动脉病变的平均累积积分明显大于无家族史的高血压病组(P<0.01);有家族史的高血压病组的年龄、腰围、收缩压(SBP)、空腹胰岛素浓度(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的OR值有统计学意义,而无家族史的高血压病组在年龄、SBP、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C的OR值上有统计学意义.结论 高血压家族史是原发性高血压患者冠状动脉病变的重要预测因子,可能与有高血压家族史的原发性高血压患者代谢紊乱更严重,以及高胰岛素血症或胰岛素抵抗更明显有关.     

有家族史的原发性高血压患者冠状动脉病变与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的　研究高血压家族史对原发性高血压患者的冠状动脉病变有无影响及冠状动脉病变与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法 对160例预行冠状动脉造影检查且符合原发性高血压的患者进行问卷调查,按有无家族史分为:(1)有家族史的高血压病组 72 例;(2)无家族史的高血压病组 88 例。每位患者均测量空腹胰岛素浓度及做冠状动脉造影检查。结果 有家族史的高血压病组的空腹胰岛素浓度、胰岛素抵抗指数、甘油三酯浓度明显的大于无家族史的高血压组(P<0 .01);有家族史的高血压病组有冠状动脉病变的比例达73. 7%,而无家族史组为58. 0%,两组比较有显著性差异,并且有家族史的高血压病组冠状动脉病变的平均累积积分明显大于无家族史的高血压病组(P<0 .01);有家族史的高血压病组的年龄、腰围、收缩压(SBP)、空腹胰岛素浓度(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL- C)的 OR值有统计学意义,而无家族史的高血压病组在年龄、SBP、TC、HDL- C、LDL -C的 OR值上有统计学意义。结论　高血压家族史是原发性高血压患者冠状动脉病变的重要预测因子,可能与有高血压家族史的原发性高血压患者代谢紊乱更严重,以及高胰岛素血症或胰岛素抵抗更明显有关。     

Relationship between uric acid and coronary lesion in patients with hypertension

目的 探讨高血压患者血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系.方法 51例非高血压患者及120例高血压患者行冠状动脉造影检查,冠脉狭窄≥50％者为冠心病组,冠脉造影未见异常者为冠脉正常组,再按照病变严重程度将高血压病合并冠心病患者分为单支、双支、3支病变3组,并检测血尿酸水平及血糖、血脂等生化指标.结果 高血压患者冠脉造影阳性率为75.85％,高于非高血压组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);高血压合并冠心病患者血尿酸水平高于单纯高血压患者,且升高程度与冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关(P ＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 高血压患者冠心病发病率高于非高血压患者,高血压合并冠心病患者血尿酸水平高于非冠心病患者,尿酸升高程度与冠脉病变程度一致.     

高血压患者外周动脉功能与冠状动脉病变关系的分析

目的分析高血压伴冠状动脉硬化性心脏病患者,冠状动脉的病变支数及狭窄程度与外周动脉弹性功能的关系.方法对56例高血压病患者与28例无高血压病患者采用美国FDA批准的PULSEMETRIC动脉功能测定仪(型号DynaPulse200M)在冠状动脉造影前记录肱动脉脉搏图并计算系统血管顺应性、阻力,肱动脉顺应性、扩张性、阻力,分析高血压伴及不伴冠状动脉病变者的动脉弹性的特点.结果(1)高血压病患者中严重冠病变患病率高于非高血压者,而动脉顺应性(缓冲功能)明显低于非高血压者.(2)高血压病合并冠状动脉粥样硬化时,动脉弹性有随冠脉病变加重而下降的趋势,但仅在冠状动脉病变严重时出现有意义的变化.(3)女性高血压病合并≥2支冠脉病变者肱动脉顺应性、扩张性明显低于单支病变者,肱动脉阻力明显高于高血压合并单支病变患者.(4)女性高血压病冠状动脉最狭窄程度＞75%者肱动脉顺应性、系统血管顺应性明显低于最狭窄程度≤75%者;而男性高血压病冠状动脉最狭窄程度＞75%者肱动脉阻力明显高于最狭窄程度≤75%者.结论无创方法测得的高血压病患者动脉功能参数在一定程度上可以反映其冠状动脉病变程度,其中男性以动脉阻力参数变化为主,而女性以动脉缓冲功能爱损为主.     

糖尿病高血压对冠状动脉病变的影响分析

目的分析糖尿病、高血压对冠状动脉病变的影响,以供参考。方法将我院2010年7月至2013年6月收治的冠状动脉病变患者100例纳入本研究,根据患者是否合并糖尿病高血压分组。其中不合并糖尿病、高血压的42例单纯冠状动脉病变患者作为对照组,合并糖尿病、高血压的58例冠状动脉病变患者作为观察组。对比两组患者在血脂水平、冠状动脉病变程度等方面的差异性。结果对比两组患者TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C等血脂指标发现,组间差异统计学分析后认为无意义(P0.05)。与对照组对比,我们发现观察组患者冠状动脉粥样硬化评分明显较高,组间差异经统计学分析后认为有意义(P0.05)。结论合并糖尿病、高血压对冠状动脉病变患者的血脂水平无明显影响,但对患者冠状动脉病变程度产生不利影响,在今后冠状动脉病变的治疗过程中应重视血压和血糖水平的控制。     

冠状动脉病变程度与血浆脑利尿钠肽浓度的相关性

目的 探讨冠状动脉病变程度与血浆脑利尿钠肽(BNP)浓度之间的相关性.方法 选取因胸闷、胸痛在本院心脏中心住院行冠状动脉造影检查的患者138例,采用Gensini积分系统,对冠脉造影中每支冠脉血管病变狭窄程度进行定量评定.按冠状动脉病变多少分为正常对照组,单支病变组,双支病变组和多支病变组.采用放射免疫法测定BNP,比较各组间BNP的差异.结果 冠心病组糖尿病、高血压、吸烟比例与正常对照组有统计学差异,多支病变组糖尿病、高血压、吸烟比例及肌酐、尿酸、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平与正常对照组间有统计学差异；冠状动脉病变组的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)均低于正常对照组,多支病变组与正常对照组间有统计学差异.冠心病组BNP均高于正常对照组,但是多支病变组明显高于其他各组.结论 冠状动脉多支病变患者BNP明显升高,BNP与冠状动脉多支病变具有明显的相关性,BNP可作为判断冠状动脉多支病变的指标之一.     

H型高血压与冠状动脉病变的关系研究

目的 探讨H型高血压与冠状动脉病变的关系.方法 根据患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,将120例原发性高血压合并冠心病的患者分为H型高血压组和单纯高血压组.所有患者行冠状动脉造影术,并对其病变程度进行评估.结果 H型高血压组中急性冠脉综合征的发生率高于单纯高血压组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);随着冠状动脉病变支数增加,血浆Hcy水平逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 H型高血压患者冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度与血浆Hcy水平相关.     

脉搏波速度与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 为探讨脉搏波速度与冠状动脉粥样硬化程度的关系.方法 本文选择行冠状动脉造影或介入治疗的患者104例,进行脉搏速度测量、血液生化检查、病史采集及冠状动脉造影.结果 年龄、脉搏速度、脉压是显著性影响冠脉病变的危险因素(P＜0.05);年龄、脉搏速度、高血压病史、收缩压、脉压、吸烟、胆固醇在冠状动脉病变程度组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05);年龄、脉搏速度、脉压、总胆固醇、吸烟在多支病变组与正常组之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).按照冠状动脉病变最大狭窄程度分组,冠状动脉病变程度间脉搏速度有显著性差异(P＜0.05);狭窄1级、2级、3级、4级与0级,狭窄1级与2级脉搏速度比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).按脉搏速度值≤14 m/s和＞14 m/s分组,两组患者冠状动脉病变严重程度差异有显著性(P＜0.05);脉搏速度＞14 m/s组的患者既往多数有高血压病史,3支血管病变在脉搏速度＞14 m/s组中显著增高;冠状动脉无病变者在脉搏速度≤14 m/s组中显著性增多.冠心病合并高血压组与未合并高血压组患者的脉搏速度间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).在年龄与体重指数无明显差异的条件下,冠心病组、冠心病合并糖尿病组、冠心病合并高血压组、冠心病合并高血压及糖尿病组脉搏速度值逐渐升高(P＜0.05);冠心病组患者随着病变支数的增多,脉搏速度值显著性升高(P＜0.05).结论 提示脉搏速度与冠状动脉病变严重程度呈显著相关性,脉搏速度可综合反映高血压、高血糖等危险因素对血管的损伤,更能精确地对患者进行心血管危险分层,它可作为对冠心病患者危险分层的评估和冠状动脉严重程度识别的独立因素.     

H型高血压冠心病患者冠状动脉病变情况及性质

目的探讨H型高血压冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者冠状动脉病变的情况及性质。方法收集2015年8月至2016年8月海口市人民医院心血管内科收治的原发性高血压(高血压)合并冠心病的患者200例作为研究对象。依据血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)浓度分为H型高血压组和非H型高血压组,各100例。所有患者均行冠状动脉造影检查,比较两组Gensini积分、冠状动脉不同病变支数患者比例、稳定型心绞痛患者比例、不稳定型心绞痛患者比例及急性心肌梗死患者比例。比较H型高血压组单支病变亚组、双支病变亚组、多支病变亚组的Hcy浓度和Gensini积分;比较H型高血压组中稳定型心绞痛亚组、不稳定型心绞痛亚组及急性心肌梗死亚组的Hcy浓度和Gensini积分。分析冠状动脉病变程度与Hcy浓度的相关性。对冠心病的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果 (1)H型高血压组的Gensini积分明显高于非H型高血压组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)H型高血压组双支病变和多支病变的患者比例明显高于非H型高血压组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)H型高血压组单支病变亚组、双支病变亚组、多支病变亚组的Hcy浓度和Gensini积分依次增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)H型高血压组的不稳定型心绞痛和急性心肌梗死的患者比例明显高于非H型高血压组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(5)H型高血压组中稳定型心绞痛亚组、不稳定型心绞痛亚组及急性心肌梗死亚组的Hcy浓度和Gensini积分依次增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(6)H型高血压组中Hcy浓度与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.224,P0.05)。(7)Hcy、H型高血压分别是冠心病独立的危险因素。结论 H型高血压与冠心病密切相关,Hcy浓度与冠状动脉血管病变的严重程度具有正相关性;Hcy浓度、H型高血压可分别作为冠心病的独立危险因素。     

200例冠心病心肌梗死患者危险因素分析

目的　探讨不同危险因素与心肌梗死患者冠状动脉病变的关系。方法　选择 2 0 0例冠心病心肌梗死患者 ,根据不同危险因素分组 :1有吸烟史者 12 2例 ;2有高脂血症者 44例 ;3有糖尿病病史者 5 8例 ;4高血压病史者 10 2例。 5有家族史着 5 6例。结果　在单支病变者中 ,吸烟和高血压病史例数较多 ,双支病变者中有吸烟、高血脂、高血压、糖尿病病史的例数逐渐增多 ,而多支病变者中有糖尿病和高血压病史的例数明显增加。结论　高血压和糖尿病与心肌梗死患者冠状动脉病变的关系最密切     

Strong family history and cigarette smoking as risk factors of coronary artery disease in young adults.

This study is based on 435 consecutive patients age 50 or less who had coronary arteriography. There were 335 patients with coronary artery disease and 100 with normal coronary arteries. Risk factors reviewed were "packet-years" of cigarette smoking, family history of coronary disease in first-degree relatives 50 years of age or less, age- and sex-corrected serum cholesterol and triglycerides, hypertension, and diabetes. By univariate analysis, each risk factor except hypertension and diabetes was significantly more frequent in patients with coronary disease than in those without. By multivariate analysis of all risk factors in patients with and without coronary disease, the male or female patient with coronary disease could best be identified by the strong family history, cigarette smoking history, and age- and sex-corrected serum cholesterol. The percentage of patients with coronary disease when the three risk factors were present was 95%, two factors present 88%, one factor present 67%, none of the three 25%, strong family history alone 90%, smoking alone 66%, and serum cholesterol greater than 80th centile alone 52%.     

心踝血管指数与老年冠心病的相关性研究

目的探讨心踝血管指数(CAVI)与老年冠心病的相关性,并对影响CAVI的因素进行分析。方法对拟诊冠心病或确诊冠心病的住院老年患者364例行冠状动脉造影术,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为非冠心病组(127例)和冠心病组(237例),并对所有患者行CAVI检测、病史采集及常规化验检查,分析CAVI与老年冠心病的关系。结果冠心病组CAVI显著高于非冠心病组(P<0.01),单因素相关分析,年龄、高血压、脉压、糖尿病、吸烟、LDL-C与CAVI呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),多元逐步回归分析,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、LDL-C是CAVI的影响因素(R~2=0.430),logistic回归分析,高血压、脉压、糖尿病、吸烟、LDL-C和CAVI是老年冠心痛的独立危险因素。结论 CAVI是老年冠心病的独立危险因素,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、LDL-C是CAVI的影响因素。     

Comparison of major coronary risk factors in female and male patients with premature coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to analyse and compare the major coronary risk factors of female and male patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) aged < or = 45 years. METHODS: We evaluated 4613 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography at our institution; 572 symptomatic patients (489 men and 83 women) diagnosed as having premature CAD (age < or = 45 years) were included in our analysis. For each patient, the presence of major coronary risk factors such as family history of CAD, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cigarette smoking were recorded. Besides, clinical presentation and angiographic findings were also recorded. RESULTS: The most common risk factor was cigarette smoking in young men (70.3%). However, the major coronary risk factor was hypercholesterolaemia in young women (67.5%). When we compared two groups with respect to major coronary risk factors, we found that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension were significantly higher in young women than in young men (diabetes mellitus: 27.7% vs. 12.3%, respectively, P < 0.001, hypertension: 56.6% vs. 23.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). However, cigarette smoking was found to be significantly higher in men than in women (70.3% vs. 28.9% respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We have shown for the first time the impact of gender on the coronary risk factor profile in young Turkish patients with premature CAD. These findings may be useful for gender-based management and risk factor modification of young patients with premature CAD.     

Risk factors and predictors of coronary arterial lesions in Japanese hypertensive patients.

The morbidity rate of coronary artery disease has recently increased in Japan. This is attributable to changes from traditional to more westernized lifestyles. In this study, we therefore examined the risk factors and predictors of coronary arterial lesions in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. Coronary angiography was performed in 109 consecutive essential hypertension patients (57 men and 52 women; 66 +/- 8.0 years of age) with either angina pectoris or atypical chest pain, who were chosen from 485 consecutive hypertensive patients in a hypertension clinic in Sendai, Japan. Coronary arterial stenosis of greater than 50% was defined as significant and used as a dependent variable for the multiple regression analysis. Risk factors were defined as factors confirmed to have a causal relationship with coronary arterial lesions, whereas arteriosclerotic complications and hypertensive target organ damage were defined as predictors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using these parameters as independent variables. Of 109 patients, 25 had a coronary arterial stenosis greater than 50%. A smoking habit (odds ratio (OR): 4.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-17.82; p<0.05), hypercholesterolemia (OR: 5.34; 95% CI: 1.52-18.73; p<0.05), and 24-h diastolic blood pressure (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.06-5.16; p<0.05) were significant risk factors, whereas carotid intima-media thickness (OR: 5.85; 95% CI: 1.48-23.2; p<0.05) was a significant predictor of coronary arterial lesion. When two of the major risk factors (a smoking habit, hypercholesterolemia, or impaired glucose tolerance including diabetes mellitus) were clustered in addition to the hypertension, the risk of coronary arterial lesions increased by 6.7 to 10.1 times. These findings indicate that the major risk factors established in Caucasians, i.e., a smoking habit, hypercholesterolemia and blood pressure level, are also risk factors for coronary arterial lesions in Japanese with essential hypertension. The presence of two or more risk factors increases the risk of coronary arterial lesions synergistically in the presence of hypertension.     

Cannabis smoking and acute coronary syndrome: two illustrative cases

Cannabis is a common substance of drug abuse among the young adults because of its euphoric and addictive effects. The pathophysiological effects of cannabis smoking and its relation to adverse cardiovascular events are well known. However, the relative contribution of cannabis smoking when combined with tobacco smoking to coronary artery disease is unclear and has not been well emphasized.We describe two cases of acute coronary syndrome occurring in cannabis smokers who were tobacco smoker too. One, a 23 year old young boy who suffered from hypertension and acute coronary syndrome at a very young age and other, a 50 year old male admitted with acute coronary syndrome, developed asymptomatic dynamic electrocardiographic changes and had beta-blocker induced severe bronchospasm.The modifiable nature of cannabis smoking and cigarette smoking, which often go hand in hand, needs no over emphasis. The cessation of twin smoking habits along with correction of other coronary artery disease risk factors is an important part of primary and secondary prevention.     

冠心病并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的相关因素

目的:分析冠心病并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的相关因素。方法:通过对冠心病患者进行睡眠呼吸监测,分为冠心病并发OSAHS患者90例(OSAHS组),冠心病不并发OSAHS患者30例(非OSAHS组)。对两组患者分别进行一般情况调查,身高、体质量指数(BMI)、颈围的测量,睡眠呼吸监测及肱-踝脉搏波传导速度(Ba-PWV)测定。结果:OSAHS组患者与非OSAHS组比较,BMI、颈围显著增加(P0.01);有吸烟史和高血压病史的患者比例显著增加(P0.05);BaPWV显著增快(P0.01)。结论:肥胖、吸烟、高血压病及动脉粥样硬化均为冠心病并发OSAHS的相关因素。     

血浆脂质成分与冠状动脉病变支数和严重程度的相关性研究

目的研究冠状动脉病变支数和程度与血浆脂质成分的相关性。方法对664例反复发作胸闷、胸痛，拟诊冠心病的住院患者行冠状动脉造影。根据冠脉造影的结果分为正常组（90例）和病变组（574例，包括动脉粥样硬化组、单支病变组、双支病变组和三支病变组）；按Gensini标准对冠状动脉病变程度进行评分，并在入院时进行血浆脂质成分的测定。结果冠心病病变支数的增加与冠心病危险因素糖尿病、高血压、吸烟的增多呈一致性，各组中糖尿病患病率、高血压患病率、吸烟人数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；病变组中载脂蛋白B（apoB）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）和甘油三酯与正常组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；经Spearman相关分析表明，冠状动脉病变支数与apoB的相关系数最大（r=0．290），病变程度与apoB相关系数最大（r=0．211）。在排除他汀类药物对脂质的影响后，脂质指标与冠心病的相关性更加密切。结论血浆脂质成分中的apoB是冠心病发生与发展的相关因素，其对冠心病的预测作用可能优于LDL—C等其他脂质指标。     

Is a family history of coronary heart disease an independent coronary risk factor?

The importance of a positive family history as a primary risk factor for coronary heart disease was examined in a case history study. Of 792 consecutive male patients aged under 60 years who survived a first episode of unstable angina or myocardial infarction, 326 had a negative family history, 298 had a positive history, and in 168 a family history could not be established with certainty. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the three primary coronary risk factors--cigarette smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolaemia--between those with and those without a positive family history. The 133 subjects with a positive family history of premature coronary heart disease (occurrence in near relatives under 60 years) were significantly younger than those with a negative family history. It is concluded that there is little evidence to confirm a positive family history as an important independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, although there may be familial aggregation of subjects with a high susceptibility to the effects of the three primary risk factors, cigarette smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia.     

Is a family history of coronary heart disease an independent coronary risk factor?

The importance of a positive family history as a primary risk factor for coronary heart disease was examined in a case history study. Of 792 consecutive male patients aged under 60 years who survived a first episode of unstable angina or myocardial infarction, 326 had a negative family history, 298 had a positive history, and in 168 a family history could not be established with certainty. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the three primary coronary risk factors--cigarette smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolaemia--between those with and those without a positive family history. The 133 subjects with a positive family history of premature coronary heart disease (occurrence in near relatives under 60 years) were significantly younger than those with a negative family history. It is concluded that there is little evidence to confirm a positive family history as an important independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, although there may be familial aggregation of subjects with a high susceptibility to the effects of the three primary risk factors, cigarette smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia.     

中、青年冠心病患者冠脉病变与危险因素的性别影响

目的：探讨中、青年冠心病患者冠脉病变、危险因素的性别影响。方法：对337例疑诊冠心病（CHD）的中、青年患者行经冠状动脉造影，根据有无冠脉病变，及男、女性别的不同，分别将其分为男、女冠脉病变组及无冠脉病变组，比较各组危险因素的差异，及血管病变的特点。结果：（1）男性患者中，CHD患者合并的最主要危险因素分别为吸烟（57．1％）和高血压病（42．9％）；女性患者中，CHD患者合并的最主要危险因素分别为高血压病（53．4％）和CHD家族史（33．0％）；（2）虽然男、女两组患者的平均年龄相差10岁左右，但冠脉病变的严重程度无明显差异；（3）男、女组患者血管病变均以单支血管病变为主，分别占73％和79％；Logestic多元回归分析显示，男性CHD患者合并的最主要危险因素为吸烟年数（β=6．61，P=0．01），女性为合并糖尿病的年数（β=10．75，P=0．001）和高血压（β=8．82，P=0．003）。结论：男、女两组中、青年冠心病患者冠脉病变是相似的，但危险因素有显著差异。