不稳定型心绞痛患者纤溶活性及内皮功能的变化

目的观察不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)、假性血友病因子(vWF)水平的变化,进一步明确纤溶活性和内皮功能在不稳定型心绞痛中的作用,并探讨其临床意义。方法选择40例不稳定型心绞痛患者和30例健康志愿者,均取早晨空腹静脉血,用发色底物法测定血浆t-PA和PAI-1的活性,用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测其血浆中vWF的含量。结果(1)不稳定型心绞痛组的t-PA活性明显低于对照组(0.2±0.11IU/ml∶0.4±0.09IU/ml,P<0.05),而PAI-1活性则较对照组增高(0.9±0.32AU/ml∶0.53±0.30AU/ml,P<0.05),vWF含量较对照组明显增高［(565±80.5)%∶(80±55.6)%,P<0.001］;(2)PAI-1活性与vWF的含量呈正相关;(3)PAI-1活性、vWF含量均与甘油三酯水平呈正相关。结论纤溶活性降低、血管内皮受损使不稳定型心绞痛患者易发生冠状动脉痉挛及血栓形成。     

脑梗死患者血清脂蛋白(a)水平和纤溶系统活性的测定及相互关系

目的探讨脑梗死患者血清脂蛋白(a)水平、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)活性的变化及它们之间的相互关系,研究脂蛋白(a)与缺血性脑血管病的关系。 方法 对137例急性脑梗死患者和54例健康者(对照组),采用速率散射比浊法检测血清脂蛋白(a)水平,发色底物法检测血浆t-PA与PAI-1活性,并进行比较。 结果脑梗死组血清脂蛋白(a)水平为(343±136)mg／L,血浆PAI-1活性为(896±97)AU／L,对照组血清脂蛋白(a)水平及PAI-1活性分别为(205±110)mg／L和(587±142)AU／L,两组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01);脑梗死组t-PA活性为(223±77)IU／L,对照组为(424±121)IU/L,两组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。脑梗死组血清脂蛋白(a)水平与t-PA活性呈显著负相关(r=-0.326,P<0.01),与PAI-1活性呈显著正相关(r=0.796,P<0.001)。结论脂蛋白(a)通过降低t-PA的活性和(或)增强PAI-1的活性,干扰纤溶系统的平衡,从而参与动脉粥样硬化过程。高脂蛋白(a)水平是缺血性脑血管病的重要独立危险因素。     

老年冠心病患者纤溶酶原激活抑制剂的变化

目的探讨老年人冠心病与纤溶酶原激活抑制剂（PAI）的关系。方法测定了93例老年冠心病患者的PAI和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）活性、胆固醇和甘油三酯的血浆水平,并与健康对照组比较。结果冠心病组的PAI活性〔（810±360）AU/L〕明显高于健康对照组〔（640±300）AU/L,P＜0.01〕;冠心病组的t-PA活性〔（390±140）IU/L〕明显低于对照组的水平〔（490±240）IU/L,P＜0.05〕。结论老年人PAI活性的增高和t-PA活性的降低可能参与了冠心病的发病机制。     

普伐他汀对不稳定性心绞痛患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的　探讨普伐他汀对不稳定性心绞痛 (UA)患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能和纤溶系统的影响。方法　采用高分辨超声技术 ,将 42例 AU患者按随机编码分为普伐他汀组和对照组 ,观察降脂治疗前后血管内皮依赖性舒张功能和血浆纤溶酶原激活物 (t PA)及其抑制物 (PAI)活性。结果　普伐他汀组与对照组和治疗前比较 ,血流介导的肱动脉舒张百分率显著增加 ,(9.5± 3.2 ) %和 (5.0± 2 .2 ) %、(4.2± 2 .0 ) % (均 P<0 .0 1 )。血浆 t PA活性增强 ,(0 .48± 0 .1 7) IU/ml和 (0 .352± 2 .0 ) IU/ml、(0 .2 75± 0 .1 5) IU/ml(P<0 .0 1 ) ;血浆 PAI活性减弱 (0 .350± 0 .1 0 5) AU/ml和 (0 .450± 0 .1 2 ) AU/ml、(0 .52 5± 0 .2 5) AU/ml(均 P<0 .0 5)。线性相关分析显示 :血流介导的肱动脉舒张百分率及血浆纤溶活性改变与血脂的降低无关。结论　普伐他汀能改善 UA时受损的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能和血浆纤溶活性。     

体外治疗性超声对大鼠纤溶系统的影响

目的　研究体外治疗性超声对大鼠血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活因子 (t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子 -1(PAI -1)的影响。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附法测定超声治疗前后大鼠血浆t-PA、PAI -1的改变。结果　超声治疗后ETUS组t-PA(0 .5 4± 0 .19)IU/ml,PAI -1(0 .44± 0 .18)AU/ml,对照组t -PA(0 .5 1± 0 .2 5 )IU/ml,PAI -1(0 .43± 0 .19)AU/ml,二者比较无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　治疗剂量超声对大鼠纤溶系统没有影响     

无症状性脑梗死患者血清炎性因子和纤溶及抗纤溶活性的变化

目的观察无症状性脑梗死(silent cerebral infarction,SCI)患者血清炎性因子和纤溶及抗纤溶活性的变化。方法选择SCI患者53例(SCI组)和健康体检者55例(对照组),分别检测血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血浆纤溶酶原活性(PLG:A)、纤溶酶活性(PLM:A)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)活性、D-二聚体(D-D)含量、_2α-纤溶酶抑制剂(α_2-PI)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI)活性。结果 SCI组hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组[(15.36±4.30)mg/L vs (10.26±2.61)mg/L,P<0.01],SCI组PLM:A、t-PA和D-D含量均明显低于对照组[(35.84±10.23)% vs (68.74±18.41)%,(0.11±0.01)U/ml vs (0.49±0.12)U/mL(0.36±0.14)mg/L vs (0.68±0.16)mg/L,P<0.01)],SCI组PLG:A与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),SCI组α_2-PI活性和PAI活性明显高于对照组[(128.46±23.75)% vs (96.36±19.34)%,(0.86±0.22)AU/ml vs (0.48±0.10)AU/ml.P<0.01]。结论炎症过程和纤溶及抗纤溶系统的功能失调与SCl的形成有关。     

心绞痛患者纤溶活性变化的研究

目的探讨不同类型心绞痛患者纤溶活性变化。方法将92例心绞痛患者分为三组,稳定型心绞痛组20例,cTnT阴性的不稳定型心绞痛组47例,cTnT阳性的不稳定型心绞痛组25例。另选20例同年龄组的健康体检者为对照组。测定并比较各组血浆D-二聚体(D-dimer)和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)及其抑制物(PAI-1)水平。结果cTnT阴性和阳性的不稳定型心绞痛组PAI-1和D-dimer水平均较对照组升高(P<0.01),各组心绞痛患者t-PA/PAI-1较对照组降低(P<0.01)。稳定型心绞痛、cTnT阴性的不稳定型心绞痛和cTnT阳性的不稳定型心绞痛PAI-1、t-PA/PAI-1和D-dimer差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),以cTnT阳性的不稳定型心绞痛患者变化最明显,稳定型心绞痛患者变化较小。结论稳定型和不稳定型心绞痛患者纤溶活性均存在异常,cTnT阳性的不稳定型心绞痛患者变化最明显。     

冠心病患者抗凝与纤溶功能的改变及其临床意义

目的：探讨冠心病患者凝血、抗凝与纤溶功能的改变及临床意义。方法：应用发色底物法及胶乳增强的免疫比浊法分别测定不同类型的冠心病患者160例及健康对照者80例血浆抗凝血酶（AT）、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1（PAI-1）及D-二聚体（D-dimer）的活性或含量水平,并进行比较分析。结果：与对照组比较,冠心病患者AT、t-PA的活性显著降低,PAI-1、D-dimer的活性或含量水平显著增高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;与稳定性心绞痛患者组比较,不稳定性心绞痛组及心肌梗死组AT、t-PA、PAI-1、D-dimer的活性或含量水平亦有显著性改变（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：冠心病患者特别是不稳定性心绞痛及心肌梗死患者存在高凝状态及纤溶活性亢进。     

藻酸双酯钠对心绞痛病人血浆t-PA/PAI-1的影响及其疗效观察

目的探讨藻酸双酯钠(PSS)对冠心病心绞痛病人血清组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)纤溶酶原激活抑制剂(PAI-1)的影响及其疗效.方法选择心绞痛病人87例,随机分为治疗组及对照组.治疗组予PSS注射液200 mg加入生理盐水500 mL静脉输注,每分钟25滴,每天1次,10 d为1个疗程.对照组用常规药物治疗.结果治疗组心绞痛症状、心电图及血浆t-PA/PAI-1的活性均有显著改善,与对照组相比有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PSS通过调节血清t-PA/PAI-1的活性,降低血黏度,改善冠状动脉循环,减轻和消除心绞痛,可用于心绞痛发作期治疗.     

急性脑梗死患者凝血象改变

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者凝血象变化,为预防本病提供依据. 方法采用ACL 200型全自动凝血分析仪检测凝血及纤溶有关指标.用血浆纤维蛋白原(Fg)功能自动化仪检测Fg浓度及其分子的功能,用发色底物法检测组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1). 结果急性脑梗死患者血浆Fg浓度(3.38±1.3)g*L-1,其分子功能4.33±0.58,与对照组相比,P<0.05;抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)活性(72.2±13.2)%,t-PA活性(0.89±0.16)IU*ml-1、PAI-1活性(8.27±1.34)IU*ml-1,与正常组相比,P<0.05. 结论血浆Fg浓度升高及其分子功能增强,AT-Ⅲ活性降低、t-PA活性降低及PAI-1活性增强是急性脑梗死的主要凝血象变化.检测凝血及纤溶有利于本病预防及治疗.     

Effects of physical conditioning on fibrinolytic variables and fibrinogen in young and old healthy adults

BACKGROUND. The effects of 6 months of intensive endurance exercise training on resting tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity, t-PA antigen, and fibrinogen were studied in 10 young (24-30 years) and in 13 old male subjects (60-82 years). METHODS AND RESULTS. After training, maximum oxygen consumption was increased in the young group by 18% (44.9 +/- 5.0 to 52.9 +/- 6.6 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.001), whereas it was increased in the old group by 22% (29.0 +/- 4.2 to 35.5 +/- 3.6 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.001). The young group had no significant changes in any of the measured variables, whereas the old group had a 39% increase in t-PA activity (0.82 +/- 0.47 to 1.14 +/- 0.42 IU/ml, p less than 0.03), a 141% increase in the percentage of t-PA in the active form (11.1 +/- 7.7 to 26.8 +/- 15.1%, p less than 0.01), a 58% decrease in PAI-1 activity (8.4 +/- 4.9 to 3.5 +/- 1.7 AU/ml, p less than 0.01), and a 13% decrease in fibrinogen (3.57 +/- 0.79 to 3.11 +/- 0.52 g/l, p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS. We conclude that intensive exercise training enhances resting t-PA activity and reduces fibrinogen and PAI-1 activity in older men. These effects are potential mechanisms by which habitual physical activity might reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.     

Short term effects of GnRH agonists on plasma fibrinolytic balance in patients with advanced prostate cancer

Background Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are the cornerstone of metastatic prostate cancer treatment. Cardiovascular effects of GnRH agonists are unclear. In this study, we investigated the short term effects of GnRH agonists on plasma fibrinolytic parameters in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods Eleven patients (mean age 69.3 ± 6.5) with metastatic prostate cancer and a clinical indication for GnRH agonist therapy were selected. Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) antigen (Ag), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) Ag and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activity levels were measured at baseline and at 4 weeks after the first dose of GnRH agonist, Goserelin Acetate (Zoladex^®, subcutaneous administration, 10.8 mg). Results Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels significantly decreased from 36.6 ± 19.3 to 1.1 ± 0.3 ng/ml after Goserelin acetate treatment (P = 0.005). Significant changes occurred in the fibrinolytic parameters. GnRH agonists decreased plasma t-PA Ag levels (16.3 ± 4.9 vs. 12.2 ± 2.8 ng/ml, P = 0.047) and increased PAI-1/t-PA molar ratio (4.8 ± 3.6 vs. 6.6 ± 3.4, P = 0.16), on the other hand, plasma PAI-1 Ag (59.0 ± 48.5 vs. 56.4 ± 30.5 ng/ml, P = 0.8), and TAFI levels (130.6 ± 9.5 vs. 124.2 ± 26.5% activity, P = 0.3) did not change significantly. Conclusion This study provides evidence that GnRH agonists may inhibit fibrinolytic system by decreasing t-PA levels.     

冠心病患者血清甘油三酯水平与纤溶激活系统的关系

为研究冠心病患者血清甘油三酯水平与纤溶激活系统的关系,比较分析冠心病患者、高甘油三酯血症患者及正常对照者的血清甘油三酯水平、组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂活性。纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1、组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性测定采用发色低物法,血清甘油三酯浓度测定采用酶法。结果表明,高甘油三酯血症患者及冠心病患者纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性较正常人升高,组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性较正常人下降。冠心病患者及高甘油三酯血症患者均有不同程度的纤溶活性下降,以急性心肌梗死、不稳定型心绞痛伴高甘油三酯组改变尤为明显。血清甘油三酯水平与血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性呈负相关,与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性呈正相关。结果提示,甘油三酯通过影响纤溶功能参与冠心病的形成与发展。     

Endogenous fibrinolytic system in chronic large-vessel thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a disorder characterized by pulmonary arterial hypertension as a consequence of organized thrombotic material in the central pulmonary arteries. Incomplete resolution of acute pulmonary emboli is believed to be pathogenically important; however, the mechanism for poor thrombus dissolution remains to be explained. We undertook this study to assess the major determinants of plasma fibrinolysis in patients with CTEPH (n = 32). METHODS AND RESULTS. Immunological and functional levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) were quantified in platelet-poor plasma (PPP) from patients with CTEPH as well as age-matched controls. Although basal PPP t-PA antigen levels (CTEPH mean, 29.5 ng/ml; control mean, 2.7 ng/ml) and PAI-1 antigen levels (CTEPH mean, 55.8 ng/ml; control mean, 21.0 ng/ml) were higher in the CTEPH group, no between-group differences were detected in the enzymatic activities of these two molecules. The CTEPH group demonstrated a greater rise in t-PA antigen (CTEPH mean rise, 53.0 ng/ml; control mean rise, 5.6 ng/ml) and PA activity (CTEPH mean rise, 10.5 IU/ml; control mean rise, 1.2 IU/ml) than controls in response to an experimentally induced venous occlusion. Immunoprecipitation and fibrin autography of PPP from two patients with markedly elevated basal t-PA antigen levels demonstrate that the t-PA antigen was present in PPP primarily in complex with PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS. Although abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system were detected, neither a high resting plasma PAI-1 activity nor a blunted response of t-PA to venous occlusion can be invoked as an etiology for CTEPH.     

Changes in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and tissue-type plasminogen activator during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease

As depressed fibrinolysis is implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, we have studied the activation of fibrinolysis during maximal, symptom-limited exercise in a group of 68 men. After exercise they were divided, according to their coronary angiography and exercise 201Tl emission computed tomography results, into three groups. Group 1: persons with normal exercise 201Tl emission computed tomography results and no underlying diseases who served as controls; group 2: patients with coronary artery disease without exercise-induced myocardial ischemia, and group 3: patients with coronary artery disease with transient, exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. Before and at peak exercise we measured the plasminogen activator activity (PAA) in the euglobulin fraction of plasma by an amidolytic method and the concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), activator-inhibitor complex - plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) complexed with t-PA - and total PAI-1 by enzyme immunoassay. The concentration of free PAI-1 in plasma was calculated by subtraction of the concentration of activator-inhibitor complex from that of total PAI-1. Under basal conditions, group 3 had significantly higher free and total PAI-1 levels than group 1. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in PAA, t-PA, and activator-inhibitor complex levels. At peak exercise, group 1 showed the highest release of t-PA accompanied with highest increases in PAA as well as in activator-inhibitor complex, the proportion of released t-PA antigen not bound to PAI-1 being highest in group 1. Free PAI-1 decreased significantly, but there were no differences between individual groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

脑血栓形成病人血浆及脑脊液t-PA及其PAI-1含量的观察

目的：研究动脉粥样硬化性脑血栓形成病人血浆及脑脊液组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA)及其抑制物（PAI-1）含量的变化及其临床意义。方法：采用双抗体夹心固相酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测35例脑血栓形成病人血浆和其中31例病人脑脊液t-PA及PAI-1抗原含量，与35例正常对照组血浆和其中20例对照组脑脊液进行比较。结果；脑血栓形成组血浆t-PA含量高于对照组，PAI-1含量显著高于对照组；其脑脊液t-PA,PAI-1含量均显著高于对照组，脑脊液中t-PA,PAI-1的含量分别与血浆中t-PA,PAI-1的含量，分别与血浆中t-PA,PAI-1的含量呈正相关；脑血栓形成组病人神经功能缺损评分与血浆及脑脊液t-PA,PAI-1抗原含量呈正相关。结论：脑血栓形成病人纤溶活性明显下降，t-PA及PAI-1参与了脑血栓形成之病理过程；t-PA及PAI-1抗原含量是反映体内纤溶活性的两个重要指标；可用血浆或脑脊液t-PA,PAI-1的含量作为判断病情的参考指标之一。     

Diurnal variation of tissue-type plasminogen activator and its rapid inhibitor (PAI-1)

Previous studies have shown that overall fibrinolytic activity in blood follows a diurnal rhythm with a peak in the morning and a trough in the evening. The purpose of this study was to determine which fibrinolytic factor(s) was responsible for this diurnal rhythm. Resting and postvenous occlusion tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, resting t-PA antigen, and resting plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity were measured in the morning and evening in 33 healthy men (mean age, 31 years) and in 15 patients (mean age, 57 years) with previous myocardial infarction or unstable angina. PAI-1 activity and t-PA antigen were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the morning compared with the evening in controls and patients. In contrast, resting t-PA activity was significantly lower in the morning (p less than 0.01) in both groups and was inversely correlated with PAI-1 activity (r = -0.57, p less than 0.0001). Postvenous occlusion t-PA activity and t-PA capacity were not significantly different between morning and evening in either group. Because t-PA antigen levels and PAI-1 activity were highest in the morning, the variation in t-PA activity was probably not due to decreased secretion of t-PA but instead to changes in the secretion of PAI-1. Our findings indicate that diurnal variations in PAI-1 activity may reduce fibrinolytic activity in the morning in healthy individuals and in patients with coronary artery disease.     

Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor inhibition on impaired fibrinolysis in systemic hypertension

Abnormalities in fibrinolysis have been reported in hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to improve altered fibrinolytic balance in hypertensive patients. It has not been documented, however, whether this is due to a decrease in angiotensin II (Ang-II) generation or is a consequence of elevated local levels of bradykinin. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of an ACE inhibitor (perindopril) and an Ang-II receptor antagonist (losartan) on fibrinolytic kinetics.We have examined the serum levels of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) antigen and activity, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen and activity, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) before and after reaching the target blood pressure (< 140/90 mm Hg) in 13 hypertensive patients receiving perindopril (mean age 40 ± 11 years, 6 women, 7 men) and in 12 patients receiving losartan (mean age 38 ± 9 years, 6 women, 6 men). We also compared the baseline fibrinolytic activity of hypertensive patients with that of 12 normotensive control persons (mean age 40 ± 9 years, 6 women, 6 men). The mean basal plasma levels of PAI-1 antigen, PAI-1 activity, and sTM were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients than in normal controls (P < .005). The values of other analytes were similar in both groups. Increased plasma levels of PAI-1 antigen, PAI-1 activity, and sTM were reduced in patients after they were given perindopril and losartan (P < .005); the reductions in losartan-receiving group were more pronounced (P < .05). There were no significant effects on the plasma levels of t-PA antigen, t-PA activity, and TFPI in patients receiving the two therapeutic regimens (P > .05).In conclusion, chronic hypertension is associated with hypofibrinolysis. The beneficial effect of ACE inhibitors on fibrinolysis seems to be related to the blockade of Ang-II, and increased kinin activity does not appear to play a major role.