急性心肌梗塞出现左前分支阻滞时冠状动脉造影的意义

多年来已认识到冠状动脉病变者中发生的左前分支阻滞(LAFB)是左冠状动脉前降支近端狭窄的征象,合并下壁心肌梗塞则提示伴有左冠状动脉前降支受累和更严重的冠状动脉病变。为了更好地了解 LAFB 的病理生理和临床意义,作者前瞻性地研究了急性心肌梗塞(AMI)病人之左前分支阻滞与心血管造影的关系。     

急性下壁心肌梗塞发生左前分支阻滞的意义

左前分支阻滞是急性前壁心肌梗塞时最常见的室内阻滞,常提示左冠状动脉前降支狭窄,但对急性下壁心肌梗塞时出现左前分     

室壁激动时间对下壁心肌梗塞合并左前分支阻滞的诊断价值

对７例单纯广泛下壁心肌梗塞和１３例下壁心肌梗塞合并左前分支传导阻滞患者的室壁激动时间（ＶＡＴ）比较分析，结果发现，单纯广泛下壁心肌梗塞组ＶＡＴａＶＲ均小于ＶＡＴａＶＬ，而下壁心肌梗塞合并左前分支传导阻滞组ＶＡＴａＶＲ均大于ＶＡＴａＶＬ。揭示ＶＡＴ在判断下壁心肌梗塞是否伴有左前分支传导阻滞时具有一定的临床价值。     

高龄急性心肌梗死患者心脏超声及冠脉造影的临床特征研究

目的:分析心脏超声及冠脉造影诊断高龄急性心肌梗死患者的临床特征.方法:将80例急性心肌梗死患者选择,分为高龄组、对照组,均实施心脏超声及冠脉造影诊断.结果:对比对照组,高龄组冠脉病变支数明显更多、血管狭窄程度在70％及以上占比显著更多、心脏超声诊断结果均明显更高,P<0.05.结论:心脏超声及冠脉造影诊断高龄急性心肌梗...     

急性下壁心肌梗塞并发左前半支阻滞的发生率及意义

下壁心肌梗塞时由于额面电轴常向左移,可使左前半支阻滞的诊断发生困难。本文报道按Castellenos等提出的心向量图诊断标准对下壁心肌梗塞并发急性左前半支阻滞的发生率和临床意义,作一前瞻性观察。     

81例女性冠心病病人临床及冠状动脉造影结果分析

目的探讨女性冠心病病人临床及冠状动脉病变特点。方法将冠脉造影确诊的冠心病病人按性别进行临床资料、危险因素及冠脉造影结果对比分析。结果女性病人组年龄偏大,糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症为其主要危险因素,冠脉单支病变较男性多,Gensini积分低于男性组。结论女性冠心病病人临床危险因素及冠脉病变有其特征性。     

左前分支阻滞掩盖急性下壁心肌梗死1例

本文报道左前分支阻滞掩盖急性下壁心肌梗死1例。患者因“晨起后头晕伴恶心、畏寒7 h,呕吐2次”于2022年3月22日来新昌县人民医院就诊。入院后查心电图示下壁呈左前分支阻滞,经抗感染、扩血管治疗后,复查心电图表现为下壁急性心肌梗死,及时成功行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗。临床上对于合并左前分支阻滞,特别是新发的左前分支阻滞,需引起高度重视,及时复查心电图及心脏生化检查,避免遗漏下壁心肌梗死,影响预后。     

非ST段抬高心肌梗死临床及冠脉造影特点分析

目的 探讨非ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(NSTEAMI)的临床特征及冠脉造影(CAG)特点,提高NSTEAMI的诊断水平,降低其漏诊及误诊率.方法 将经明确诊断为NSTEAMI的45例病人及急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEAMI)的125例病人分为两组,对比分析两组临床及CAG特点.结果 STEAMI组单支病变的比例明显高于NSTEAMI组(P<0.05),且侧支循环及慢性钙化闭塞性病病(CTO)也高于STEAMI组(P<0.01).从临床特征上看NSTEAMI组的发病年龄较STEAMI组高(74.3岁±8.2岁与63.5岁±3.3岁),女性比例较高,静息性胸痛、心律失常及室壁运动减弱的发生率较STEAMI组低(P<0.05).NSTEAMI组病人血中心肌损伤标记物水平较STEAMI组低(P<0.01).结论 NSTEAMI更易发生于女性病人和高龄人群,临床症状常不典形,多支病变发生率高,近期预后佳.     

国外心电图个案分析第20例——左前分支阻滞掩盖右束支传导阻滞

自从Rosenbaun等证明左前分支阻滞(LAH)可能掩盖右束支阻滞(RBBB)以来.仅偶见报道。本文报告1例前壁心肌梗塞病人,其急性心肌梗塞期心电图呈现 LAH掩盖RBBB现象.随后展现了双侧束支阻滞特征(LAH伴RBBB)。这种ECG演变迄今未见报道。     

左前分支阻滞合并急性下壁心肌梗死一例

患者男,因恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻一天来院就诊,无心前区疼痛及憋闷症状。经心电图诊断和心肌酶谱分析,诊断为左前分支阻滞合并急性下壁心肌梗死。本病例提示左前分支阻滞可掩盖小范围的下壁心肌梗死（即Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF 导联不出现 Q 波）;反之,下壁心肌梗死也可使合并存在的左前分支阻滞表现不出来,在临床诊断中应引起注意。     

急性下壁心肌梗塞并左前分支传导阻滞的临床意义

将 70例首次发生下壁心肌梗塞 (下壁 AMI)的患者分为两组。 A组为 14例合并左前分支传导阻滞 ( LAH)者 ,B组为 56例单纯下壁 AMI者。比较两组患者住院期间心脏事件 (梗塞后心绞痛、再梗塞、充血性心力衰竭、心源性休克及死亡 )的发生率及出院前左室射血分数 ( LVEF)、室性心律失常( VA)发生率。结果显示 ,A组住院期间心脏事件发生率 ( 64.3% )明显高于 B组 ( 19.6% ) ,P<0 .0 1;出院前 LVEF[( 4 5.7± 12 .8) % ]明显低于 B组 [( 57.2± 9.6) % ],P<0 .0 1;VA发生率 ( 64.3% )明显高于B组 ( 2 5.0 % ) ,P<0 .0 5。提示下壁 AMI发生 L AH者近期预后不良 ,可能存在冠脉左前降支狭窄及多支病变     

Predictive Value of Admission Electrocardiogram For Multivessel Disease in Acute Anterior and Anterior‐Inferior Myocardial Infarction

Background: Our aim was to investigate the correlation between admission ECG and coronary angiography findings in terms of predicting the culprit vessel responsible for the infarct or multivessel disease in acute anterior or anterior‐inferior myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: We investigated 101 patients with a diagnosis of anterior AMI with or without ST‐segment elevation or ST‐segment depression in at least two leads in Dll, III, aVF. The patients were classified as those with vessel involvement in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and patients with multivessel disease. Vessel involvement in LAD + circumflex artery (Cx) or LAD + right coronary artery (RCA) or LAD + Cx + RCA were considered as multivessel disease. Thus, (a) anterior AMI patients with reciprocal changes in inferior leads, (b) anterior AMI patients with inferior elevations, (c) all anterior AMI patients according to the ST‐segment changes in the inferior region were analyzed according to the presence of LAD or multivesssel involvement. Results: Presence of ST‐segment depression in aVL and V6 was significantly correlated with the presence of multivessel disease in anterior AMI patients with reciprocal changes in the inferior leads (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003, respectively). No statistically significant difference between the leads were detected in terms of ST‐segment elevation in predicting vessel involvement in the two groups of anterior AMI patients with inferior elevations. When all the patients with anterior AMI were analyzed, the presence of ST‐segment depression in leads aVL, V4, V5 and V6 were significantly associated with the presence of multivessel disease (P = 0.035, P = 0.010, P = 0.011, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The presence of ST‐segment depression in anterolateral leads in the admission ECG of anterior AMI patients with reciprocal changes in inferior leads was associated with multivessel disease.     

Electrocardiographic differentiation of occlusion of the left circumflex versus the right coronary artery as a cause of inferior acute myocardial infarction

To determine whether the admission electrocardiogram can identify left circumflex or right coronary artery occlusion as the cause of an inferior acute myocardial infarction (AMI), findings from electrocardiography and coronary angiography performed within 12 hours of each other were retrospectively assessed in 41 consecutive patients with inferior AMI. All patients had ST-segment elevation in 1 or more inferior leads (II, III or aVF). Of the 12 patients with circumflex coronary artery occlusion, 10 (83%) had ST-segment elevation in 1 or more lateral leads (aVL, V5 or V6) without ST-segment depression in lead I. Similar electrocardiographic findings were noted in only 1 of 29 patients (4%) with right coronary occlusion (p less than 0.001). ST-segment depression in precordial leads V1-V3 was equally prevalent in both groups. Thus, the presence of both ST-segment elevation in 2 or more inferior leads and ST-segment elevation in 1 or more lateral leads with an isoelectric or elevated ST segment in lead I identified circumflex coronary occlusion with a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 96%, positive predictive accuracy of 91% and negative predictive accuracy of 93%. When these criteria were prospectively applied to an additional cohort of 19 consecutive patients with inferior AMI (5 with left circumflex and 14 with right coronary artery occlusion), presence of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion was predicted with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 93%, positive predictive accuracy of 100% and negative predictive accuracy of 93%. Thus, the admission 12-lead electrocardiogram can assist in differentiating left circumflex from right coronary artery occlusion in patients with inferior AMI.     

心电图在诊断急性心肌梗死相关动脉中的价值

目的分析急性心肌梗死患者不同梗死部位心电图表现及梗死相关动脉的分布特点,评价心电图诊断梗死相关动脉的价值。方法对132例急性心肌梗死患者心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性比较分析。结果心电图显示心肌梗死发生率以心脏下壁、前间壁和广泛前壁最高,分别为31例(23.5%)、26例(19.7%)和22例(16.7%);造影显示梗死相关动脉的发生率分别为左主干(LM)3例(2.3%)、前降支(LAD)73例(55.3%)、回旋支(LCX)18例(13.6%)、右冠状动脉(RCA)38例(28.8%);前壁心肌梗死(55例)的梗死相关动脉多为LAD(51例,92.7%),下壁心肌梗死(31例)的梗死相关动脉多为RCA(22例,71.0%)或LCX(7例,22.6%),且与冠状动脉优势类型密切相关,前壁梗死合并aVR、aVL导联ST段抬高对诊断LAD近段闭塞的特异性较高,分别为86.7%和90.0%。结论急性心肌梗死心电图表现与梗死相关动脉存在明显相关性,有较高的临床诊断价值。     

心电图诊断急性下壁，前壁心肌梗塞相关动脉的价值

目的：分析急性下壁、前壁心肌梗塞患者心电图表现及梗塞相关动脉的分布特点,评价心电图诊断急性下壁、前壁心肌梗塞相关动脉的价值。方法：对26例急性下壁心肌梗塞、29例急性前壁心肌梗塞患者的心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性比较分析。结果：急性下壁心肌梗塞（26例）的梗塞相关动脉为右冠状动脉（RCA）者19例（73％）。回旋支（LCX）6例（23％）;急性前壁心肌梗塞（29例）的梗塞相关动脉为前降支（LAD）者26例（90％）;下壁心肌梗塞相关动脉为RCA的19例中Ⅱ、Ⅲ,aVF导联ST段上移18例（94％）,STⅢ↑／STⅡ↑〉1者16例（84%）。结论：急性下壁、前壁心肌梗塞的心电图表现与梗塞相关动脉有关,有较高的临床诊断价值。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者发病时间与梗死部位及ST段偏移的相关性

目的 探讨老年急性心肌梗死患者发病时间与梗死部位及ST段偏移的相关性. 方法 对909例老年急性心肌梗死患者(其中包括412例前壁和423例下壁的急性心肌梗死患者)发病时间、部位和ST段抬高及冠状动脉造影等临床资料进行分析. 结果 老年急性心肌梗死患者在清晨6时至中午12时发病为525例(57.8%).24时至清晨6时发生下壁心肌梗死138例(32.6%),与其他时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),从清晨6时至中午12时,发生前壁心肌梗死156例(37.9%),与其他时间段比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),516例冠状动脉造影的AMI患者中,24时至清晨6时发病的急性下壁心肌梗死118例,其病变累及右冠状动脉多于累及左冠状动脉[分别为85.6%(101/118)和14.0%(17/118),P<0/013,清晨6时至24时发病的急性下壁心肌梗死275例,其病变累及右冠状动脉与左冠状动脉分别为54/2%(149/275)和45.8%(126/275)(P>0.05);732例急性ST段抬高患者在清晨6时至中午12时发病率最高为44.0%(263/644),265例非ST段抬高的心肌梗死24时至清晨6时发病率最高为36.6%(96/265). 结论 老年急性心肌梗死患者中,夜间非ST段抬高的发生率高于ST段抬高.由于夜间右冠状动脉闭塞所引起的急性下壁心肌梗死多于左冠状动脉,所以睡眠对老年患者的左冠状动脉累及和急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死的保护作用是有限的.     

急性前壁心肌梗死伴不同下壁导联ST段改变的临床特点

目的探讨ST段抬高急性前壁心肌梗死(简称心梗)伴不同下壁导联ST段改变患者的梗死相关血管以及梗死面积及心功能情况。方法73例急性前壁心梗患者,根据入院时心电图下壁导联ST段改变情况将患者分为3组:A组为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF中至少两个导联ST段抬高;B组为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF中至少两个导联ST段压低,C组为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF中少于两个导联ST段有改变。比较三组CK最大值,左室射血分数以及梗死相关血管(IRCA)。结果CK最大值3组比较A组最低(1280±531IU/Lvs2034±911,1677±630IU/L,P<0.01);左室射血分数A组最高(0.54±0.09vs0.48±0.07,0.47±0.08,P<0.01);三组IRCAA组中85.7%的患者位于“绕过心尖的左前降支(LAD)”的中远段,有14.3%的患者位于右冠状动脉(RCA)的近段;B组的患者中全部为非“绕过心尖的LAD”,其中有70.4%的患者位于非“绕过心尖的LAD”的近段;C组中有96.7%的患者为非“绕过心尖的LAD”,其中有73.3%的患者位于非“绕过心尖的LAD”的近中段,三组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论IRCA为LAD的急性前壁心梗时下壁ST段改变可能与LAD长度和病变部位有关;前壁合并下壁ST段同时抬高的患者若IRCA为“绕过心尖的LAD”,其梗死面积较小,心功能较好。     

心电图改变对急性下壁心肌梗死相关血管的预测价值

目的:对急性下壁心肌梗死患者的心电图资料进行回顾性研究,分析和比较心电图改变与冠状动脉造影及临床特点的对应性关系。探讨体表心电图改变对急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床价值。方法:选取86例急性下壁心肌梗死患者,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为右冠状动脉(RCA)病变组和左冠状动脉(LCA)病变组。对比分析其心电图改变与冠状动脉造影结果及临床特点。结果:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVR导联ST段及aVL导联波形改变对诊断梗死相关血管具有重要价值;V3与Ⅲ导联ST段改变比值预测梗死相关血管部位具有重要价值;伴aVR导联ST段压低患者病情重;伴胸前导联ST段压低者病情重、并发症发生率明显增高。结论:心电图对诊断下壁急性心肌梗死相关血管及其临床特点具有重要的预测价值。     

Implications of inferior ST-segment elevation accompanying anterior wall acute myocardial infarction for the angiographic morphology of the left anterior descending coronary artery morphology and site of occlusion.

Inferior ST-segment elevation during anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion is unusual and was not previously investigated. This study tested the hypothesis that inferior ST-segment elevation during anterior AMI predicts a specific angiographic morphology that satisfies 2 necessary conditions: (1) mass of ischemic anterior wall myocardium is relatively small, resulting in a weaker anterior injury current and less reciprocal inferior ST-segment depression; and (2) there is concomitant inferior wall transmural ischemia that further shifts the inferior ST segments upward. The study group consisted of 42 consecutive patients with anterior AMI undergoing angiography at 4.1 days (range 0 to 14). Coronary angiograms were examined for 3 features: (1) site of LAD artery occlusion (a distal obstruction implying a smaller mass of ischemic anterior wall myocardium), (2) LAD artery extension onto inferior wall of left ventricle (termed a "wrap around" vessel), and (3) collateral flow from LAD artery to inferior wall. The latter 2 features would be expected to contribute to inferior wall transmural ischemia. Acute inferior ST-segment elevation (sum of ST-segment deviation in leads II, III and aVF greater than or equal to 3.0 mm) was seen in 7 patients (16%). A greater number of LAD artery branches proximal to the site of occlusion was significantly correlated with less inferior ST-segment depression (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Relation of ST-segment changes in inferior leads during anterior wall acute myocardial infarction to length and occlusion site of the left anterior descending coronary artery

We investigated the relation between left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery morphology and inferior lead ST-segment changes to elucidate the clinical significance of such changes in 159 patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients with 1-vessel LAD artery lesions were divided into an ST depression group (n = 40), an ST elevation group (n = 25), and a no-ST-change group (n = 94) based on ST-segment changes in the inferior leads. The relation between each group and the infarct-related lesion and the presence of a wrapped LAD artery was then investigated. The percentage of patients with the infarct-related lesion in the proximal LAD artery was significantly higher in the ST depression group and significantly lower in the ST elevation group. The percentage of patients with a wrapped LAD artery was significantly higher in the ST elevation group and significantly lower in the ST depression group. The wall motion index determined echocardiographically was significantly higher in the ST depression group and the no-ST-change group than in the ST elevation group. Our findings suggest that inferior lead ST-segment changes during anterior wall AMI arise as a result of competition between reciprocal changes caused by high lateral wall AMI due to lesions of the proximal LAD artery, which depress the ST segment, and inferoapical wall AMI due to a wrapped LAD artery, which elevates the ST segment. In patients with no ST-segment changes, echocardiography was useful for distinguishing the amount of affected LAD artery territory.