加拿大红豆杉针叶的化学成分(英文)

目的:对加拿大红豆杉(Taxus Canadensis)针叶的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用多种色谱手段进行分离,通过波谱解析确定化合物结构。结果:从加拿大红豆杉针叶中分离并鉴定了6个化合物:对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid,1),putraflavone(2),sequoiavone(3),7,13-dideacetyl-9,10-debenzoyltaxchinin C(4),baccatin Ⅵ(5),taxumairone A(6)。结论:化合物1-2为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3-6均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

红豆杉提取紫杉醇后残渣中紫杉烷类成分的含量测定

目的：测定红豆杉氯仿提取紫杉醇后残渣中紫杉烷类成分的含量。方法：用紫外分光光度法测定氯仿提取紫杉醇后红豆杉残渣的醋酸乙酯、正丁醇提取物的紫杉烷类成分的含量,测定波长为227nm。结果：3种红豆杉残渣的醋酸乙酯提取液中紫杉烷类成分的含量测定结果为东北红豆杉〉南方红豆杉〉曼地亚红豆杉,东北红豆杉树皮〉东北红豆杉枝叶;正丁醇提取液中紫杉烷类成分的含量测定结果为曼地亚红豆杉〉南方红豆杉〉东北红豆杉,东北红豆杉树皮〉东北红豆杉枝叶。结论：常法提取紫杉醇后的红豆杉残渣中仍留有紫杉烷类成分,可作为二次开发利用的再生资源。     

2008年我国中药进出口同比均呈增势——2008年中药进出口分析及2009年展望

2008年席卷全球的金融风暴让众多行业遭受“寒冬”,医药行业作为一个具有刚性需求的独特产业,虽然同样受到金融危机冲击但总体发展依然乐观。中药进出口在这一年中同样经历了几次高峰低谷的洗礼,全年继续保持平稳发展态势,进出口额达到17．52亿美元,创历史新高,同比增长14．08％,增速高出2007年3．5个百分点。其中,进口4．43亿美元,同比增长24．46％,     

New taxanes from the needles of Taxus canadensis

Nine minor taxanes were identified for the first time in the Canadian yew needles. Four of these metabolites are new: 5-epi-cinnamoylcanadensene (1), 2,9,10, 13-tetraacetoxy-20-cinnamoyloxy-taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene (2), 2'-acetyl-epi-taxol (3), and 9-deacetyltaxinine E (4).     

New taxanes from the needles of Taxus canadensis

Ten new taxanes were isolated from the methanol extract of the needles of the Canadian yew, Taxus canadensis. On the basis of their spectral analysis, their structures were established as 9alpha-hydroxy-2alpha,7alpha,10beta-triacetoxy-5alpha-cinnamoyloxy-3,11-cyclotaxa-4(20)-en-13-one (1), 9alpha,10beta-diacetoxy-5alpha-cinnamoyloxy-3,11-cyclotaxa-4(20)-en-13-one (2), 9alpha,20-dihydroxy-2alpha,10beta,13alpha-triacetoxytaxa-4(5),11(12)-diene (3), 2alpha,9alpha,10beta-triacetoxy-20-cinnamoyloxy-11,12-epoxytaxa-4-en-13-one (4), 9alpha-hydroxy-2alpha,10beta,13alpha-triacetoxy-5alpha-(3'-methylamino-3'-phenyl)-propionyloxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (5), 2alpha,10beta-diacetoxy-5alpha,9alpha-dihydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-13-one (6), 2alpha,9alpha-diacetoxy-5alpha,10beta-dihydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-13-one (7), 5alpha,9alpha-dihydroxy-2alpha,10beta,13alpha-triacetoxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (8), 5alpha,10beta-dihydroxy-2alpha,9alpha,13alpha-triacetoxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (9), and 7beta,11beta-dihydroxy-2alpha,9alpha,10beta,13-tetraacetoxy-5alpha-cinnamoyloxytaxa-4(20),12-diene (10). Taxane 1 is the first example of a 3,11-cyclotaxane with a 7-epi-alpha-oxygenated group. Taxane 4 is the first taxane with a C-11,12-epoxide ring as well as a C-4(5)-endo-double bond. Taxanes with a 12(13) double bond as in 10 instead of the usual 11(12) double bond have been found so far only in the needles, stem, and seeds of the Japanese yew.     

New taxane analogues from the needles of Taxus canadensis

Eight minor taxanes have been identified for the first time in Taxus canadensis needles. Four of these metabolites are new taxane analogues: 7-acetyl-10-deacetyltaxol (1), 2'-acetyl-7-epi-cephalomannine (2), 10-deacetyl-10-oxo-7-epi-cephalomannine (3), and 10-acetylglycollylbaccatin VI (4).     

New minor taxane derivatives from the needles of Taxus canadensis

Seven minor taxane derivatives were isolated for the first time from the needles of Taxus canadensis. Four of these natural taxanes are O-glycosylated (1-4), with 4 being the only reported taxane with a glucose on ring C, and two have a dimethylamino-C-5 side chain (5 and 6). An unusual double bond at C-5(6) has been identified in taxane 7.     

Taxanes from Shells and Leaves of Corylus avellana

Paclitaxel is an effective antineoplastic agent originally extracted in low yield from the bark of Taxus brevifolia. Although it was generally considered a particular metabolite of Taxus sp., paclitaxel was recently found in hazel cell cultures. The aim of the present work was to verify whether hazel differentiated tissues could be used as a commercial source of paclitaxel and other taxanes. Thus, shells and leaves of hazel plants were analyzed by ELISA and HPLC-MS. Both shell and leaf extracts contained taxanes. Among these, paclitaxel, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, baccatin III, paclitaxel C, and 7-epipaclitaxel were identified and quantified. Hazel extracts also showed biological activity, inhibiting metaphase to anaphase transition in a human tumor cell line. The level of total taxanes in leaves was higher than in shells collected in the same period from the same plants. However, the finding of these compounds in shells, which are considered discarded material and are mass produced by many food industries, is of interest for the future availability of paclitaxel and other antineoplastic compounds.     

紫杉烷类化合物的生物转化(英文)

微生物对紫杉烷类化合物进行转化可以获得一系列新的衍生物,其中一些衍生物具有潜在的药理活性,另外,生物转化还是制备药物代谢产物的一个非常有效的方法。本文综述了1996年至2010年紫杉烷类化合物生物转化研究的进展。     

Taxoids from Taxus chinensis

Two new taxoids, 13,15-epoxy-13-epi-taxayunnasin A (1) and taxchinin N (2), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Taxus chinensis. Compound 2 is the first taxoid to be reported with an alpha,beta-unsaturated lactone at C-4, C-5, C-20, and C-2. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and confirmed by semisynthesis from taxayunnasin A, while 2 was determined structurally using spectroscopic methods and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to isoquinoline alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis and Hydrastis canadensis

Methanol extracts of the rhizomes of Sanguinaria canadensis, and the roots and rhizomes of Hydrastis canadensis, two plants used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments, were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against 15 strains of Helicobacter pylori. The rhizome extracts, as well as a methanol extract of S. canadensis suspension-cell cultures inhibited the growth of H. pylori in vitro, with a MIC50 range of 12.5-50.0 microg/ml. Three isoquinoline alkaloids were identified in the active fraction. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine, two benzophenanthridine alkaloids, inhibited the growth of the bacterium, with an MIC50 of 50.0 and 100.0 microg/ml, respectively. Protopine, a protopine alkaloid, also inhibited the growth of the bacterium, with a MIC50 of 100 microg/ml. The crude methanol extract of H. canadensis rhizomes was very active, with an MIC50 of 12.5 microg/ml. Two isoquinoline alkaloids, berberine and beta-hydrastine, were identified as the active constituents, and having an MIC50 of 12.5 and 100.0 microg/ml, respectively.     

A novel 2-hydroxyflavanone from collinsonia canadensis

A new flavonoid, 2,5-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavanone (1), was isolated from the leaf and stem exudates of Collinsonia canadensis along with three known flavones, baicalein-6,7-dimethyl ether (2), norwogenin-7,8-dimethyl ether (3), and tectochrysin (5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone).     

加拿大产东北红豆杉化学成分的研究

目的 研究生长在加拿大的东北红豆杉Taxus cuspidata的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱和HPLC制备色谱法分离、纯化化学成分,用一维和二维核磁共振技术鉴定化合物结构.结果 从生长在加拿大的东北红豆杉的针叶中分离得到了10个紫杉烷二萜类化合物,分别鉴定为2α,9α-二乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-1013-羟基-紫杉烷-4(20),11-二烯-13-酮(10-去乙酰基紫杉宁,I)、2α,10β二乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-9α-羟基一紫杉烷-4(20),11-二烯一13一酮(9-去乙酰基紫杉宁,Ⅱ)、2α,9α,10β-三乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-13α-羟基-紫杉烷-4(20),11-二烯(13-二氢紫杉宁,13-去乙酰基紫杉宁E,紫杉佐匹定,Ⅲ)、2α,9α,10β-三乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-13a-羟基-13,16-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20),11-烯(taxezopidine J,1V)、2α,7β,9α,10β,13-五乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-11α-羟基一紫杉烷-4(20),12-二烯(紫杉平,taxuspine D,V)、2α,7α,9α,10β-四乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基一11伊羟基一12,16一环氧一紫杉烷-4(20)-烯-13-酮(紫杉吉酚,taxagifine,V1)、2α,7β,9α,10β,19-五乙酰氧基-5α,11α-二羟基-12,16-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20)-烯-13-酮(19-去苯甲酰基-19-乙酰基紫杉宁M,Ⅶ)、2α,5β,13α-三乙酰氧基-1β,7β,9α,10β-四羟基-4.20-环氧一紫杉烷-11-烯(7β,9α,10β三去乙酰基-1β-羟基一巴卡亭I,南方红豆杉醇,taxumairol C,Ⅷ)、4a,1013,13a·三乙酰氧基-2α-苯甲酰氧基-1β,7β,9α-三羟基-5,20-环氧一紫杉烷-11-烯(9-二氢-13-乙酰基-巴卡亭Ⅲ,Ⅸ)、4αa,13α-二乙酰氧基-2α-苯甲酰氧基一7β.9α,10β,15-四羟基-5,20-环氧-11(15-1)重排紫杉烷-11-烯(7,9,10-三去乙酰基重排巴卡亭Ⅵ,Ⅹ).结论 化合物Ⅷ、Ⅹ为首次从东北红豆杉中分离得到,化合物Ⅲ为首次从东北红豆杉针叶中分离得到.     

小飞蓬化学成分研究

目的:研究小飞蓬的化学成分。方法:采用HP20大孔树脂、硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(ODS)等多种色谱技术,对小飞蓬进行分离纯化;根据理化常数和波谱数据鉴定所分离化合物的结构。结果:从小飞蓬醇提物的水部位分离了6个化合物,分别鉴定为:Eugenyl-βPsd(1)、野黄芩苷(2)、木犀草素-7-O--βD-葡萄糖醛酸苷(3)、槲皮素(4)、异槲皮素苷(5)和木犀草素(6)。结论:化合物1、3、5和6为首次从小飞蓬中分离得到。     

加拿大杨树芽中的苷类成分

目的：研究杨树芽的化学成分,探明蜂胶和杨树芽内在成分差异。方法：采用溶剂提取和柱层析色谱分离,根据化合物理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其结构。结果：从加拿大杨树芽的正丁醇提取物和水提取物中分离得到3个苷类化合物和1个黄酮类化合物,分别为高良姜素（1）、乔松素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（2）、紫丁香苷（3）和水杨苷（4）。结论：化合物2和3为首次从杨属植物中分离得到,同时首次报道了化合物2的1H-NMR和13C-NMR数据。     

Three new oxetane-ring-containing taxoids from Taxus chinensis

Three new 14beta-benzoyloxy taxoids containing an oxetane ring, namely, 14beta-benzoyloxybaccatin IV (1), 14beta-benzoyloxy-13-deacetylbaccatin IV (2), and 14beta-benzoyloxy-2-deacetylbaccatin VI (3), have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Taxus chinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data.     

粤北南方红豆杉树皮的化学成分研究

从粤北南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis var.mairei)树皮中应用超临界C02萃取和常压柱层析分离鉴定了3个紫杉烷类化合物,分别为taxinine E、taxol和baccatinⅢ.其中taxinie和baccatinⅢ首次从南方红豆杉中分得.     

Three new taxane diterpenoids from Taxus sumatrana

Phytochemical investigation of taxane diterpenoidal content of an acetone extract of the leaves and twigs of Taxus sumatrana has resulted in the isolation of three new taxoid compounds, tasumatrols E (1), F (2), and G (3) together with 13 known taxanes (5-16). The structures of these taxanes as well as their derivatives were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, especially 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 1, 2, 12, and 16 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human A-498, NCI-H226, A549, and PC-3 tumor cells.     

Rearranged taxanes from the bark of Taxus yunnanensis

Five new 11(15-->1)-abeo-taxane diterpenoids, taxuyunnanines K-O (1-5), were isolated from an ethanol extract of the bark of Taxus yunnanensis, and their structures were determined using MS and NMR techniques. Compounds 1/2 and 4/5 are rearranged taxane diterpenoids possessing an opened oxetane ring moiety at C4(20). Compounds 4/5 are rearranged taxoids lacking an oxygenated functionality at C-4.