监狱服刑人员的自杀风险与其心理健康及睡眠质量的关系

目的:探讨监狱服刑人员的自杀风险与其心理健康及睡眠质量的关系。方法:采用简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、匹兹堡睡眠指数问卷(PSQI)对803名在监服刑人员进行调查。结果:(1)803名服刑人员中,最近一个月有自杀风险的人数为34人(4.2%);(2)服刑人员PSQI总分(7.16±3.29),睡眠质量较差;(3)除睡眠药物和睡眠时间因子外,有自杀风险的服刑人员在SCL-90各因子得分、PSQI总分及其他各维度得分上均高于无自杀风险的服刑人员,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)Logistic回归分析显示,抑郁因子、恐怖因子对自杀风险具有显著的正向预测作用(β=1.71,P0.01;β=0.99,P0.05);刑期因子对自杀风险具有显著的负向预测作用(β=-0.47,P0.05)。结论:心理健康状况及睡眠质量是监狱服刑人员自杀风险的影响因素。     

Maternal Childhood Maltreatment History and Child Mental Health: Mechanisms in Intergenerational Effects

The objectives of this study were to examine whether a maternal history of maltreatment in childhood has a detrimental impact on young children’s mental health and to test theoretically and empirically informed pathways by which maternal history may influence child mental health. Mother–child dyads (N = 187) were evaluated between birth and 64 months of age via home and laboratory observations, medical and child protection record reviews, and maternal interviews to assess maternal history of childhood maltreatment and microsystem and exosystem measures of the caregiving context, including child maltreatment, maternal caregiving quality, stress exposures, and social support. When the children were 7 years of age, mothers and teachers reported on child emotional and behavioral problems. Analyses examined whether the caregiving context variables linked maternal maltreatment history with child emotional and behavioral problems, controlling for child sex (54% male), race/ethnicity (63% White), and family sociodemographic risk at birth. Maltreated mothers experienced greater stress and diminished social support, and their children were more likely to be maltreated across early childhood. By age 7, children of maltreated mothers were at increased risk for clinically significant emotional and behavioral problems. A path analysis model showed mediation of the effects of maternal childhood maltreatment history on child symptoms, with specific effects significant for child maltreatment. Interventions that reduce child maltreatment risk and stress exposures and increase family social support may prevent deleterious effects of maternal childhood maltreatment history on child mental health.     

Longitudinal Associations Between Externalizing Problems and Symptoms of Depression in Children and Adolescents

The longitudinal links between symptoms of externalizing difficulties—oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD)—and symptoms of depression are unclear. Therefore, we were interested in examining the temporal relation of symptoms of ODD, CD, and depression across 7 years in a sample of 643 10-year-old children (M = 10.91, SD = 0.36) at Time 1 using cross-lagged path analysis. Although symptoms of ODD predicted depressive symptoms across most time points and CD at Time 1 negatively predicted depressive symptoms at Time 3, evidence of the inverse relation was also found for both ODD and CD. Sex differences did not emerge. These findings add to the mixed literature on the directionality of externalizing and internalizing difficulties in children and adolescents by suggesting the presence of a reciprocal relation.     

伴焦虑障碍注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的行为问题和自我意识特点

目的:探讨伴焦虑障碍的注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的行为问题和自我意识水平的特点.方法:对湖南省6个地区5～17岁中小学生采用分层随机的抽样方法,共抽取9495名儿童,采用二阶段流行病学调查方法,最后选出符合标准的三组儿童(对照组214人、单纯ADHD组219人、伴焦虑障碍ADHD组111人).入组儿童由家长填写儿童行为量表(Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL),儿童自己填写儿童自我意识量表(children's self-concept scale,CSCS).结果:(1)单纯ADHD组儿童行为问题评分均大于对照组[如行为问题总分(30.35±24.32)vs.(16.97±14.86),P<0.01],而儿童自我意识量表评分均小于对照组[如总分(50.85±9.98)vs.(57.46±10.80),P<0.05];(2)伴焦虑障碍ADHD组行为问题评分[如总分(41.66±28.07)]均大于对照组(P<0.01),而儿童自我意识量表中除躯体情况外,其他评分均小于对照组(Ps<0.05);(3)伴焦虑障碍ADHD组行为问题评分均大于单纯ADHD组(P<0.05),而儿童自我意识量表中的行为分、焦虑分、合群分及总分均小于单纯ADHD组[(10.44±3.17)vs.(11.55±2.80),(8.06±2.61)vs.(9.21±2.61),(7.42±2.22)vs.(8.16±1.89),(47.25±9.93)vs.(50.85±9.98);均P<0.05].结论:ADHD儿童与正常儿童相比其行为问题多,自我意识差,而伴焦虑障碍ADHD儿童比单纯ADHD儿童的行为问题更突出,自我意识更差.     

Family Chaos and Child Functioning in Relation to Sleep Problems Among Children at Risk for Obesity

This study evaluated the influence of child and family functioning on child sleep behaviors in low-income minority families who are at risk for obesity. A cross-sectional study was utilized to measure child and family functioning from 2013 to 2014. Participants were recruited from Head Start classrooms while data were collected during home visits. A convenience sample of 72 low-income Hispanic (65%) and African American (32%) families of preschool-aged children were recruited for this study. We assessed the association of child and family functioning with child sleep behaviors using a multivariate multiple linear regression model. Bootstrap mediation analyses examined the effects of family chaos between child functioning and child sleep problems. Poorer child emotional and behavioral functioning related to total sleep behavior problems. Chaos associated with bedtime resistance significantly mediated the relationship between Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BESS) and Bedtime Resistance. Families at high risk for obesity showed children with poorer emotional and behavioral functioning were at higher risk for problematic sleep behaviors, although we found no link between obesity and child sleep. Family chaos appears to play a significant role in understanding part of these relationships. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to establish causal relationships between child and family functioning and sleep problems to further guide obesity interventions aimed at improving child sleep routines and increasing sleep duration.     

Caregiving-Related Sleep Problems and Their Relationship to Mental Health and Daytime Function in Female Veterans

Objective/Background: To identify caregiving-related sleep problems and their relationship to mental health and daytime function in female Veterans. Participants: Female Veterans (N = 1,477) from cross-sectional, nationwide, postal survey data. Methods: The survey respondent characteristics included demographics, comorbidity, physical activity, health, use of sleep medications, and history of sleep apnea. They self-identified caregiving- related sleep problems (i.e., those who had trouble sleeping because of caring for a sick adult, an infant/child, or other respondents). Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) was used to assess mental health, and daytime function was measured using 11 items of International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2 (ICSD-2). Results: Female Veterans with self-identified sleep problems due to caring for a sick adult (n = 59) experienced significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety (p < 0.001) and impairment in daytime function (e.g., fatigue, daytime sleepiness, loss of concentration, p < 0.001) than those with self-identified sleep problems due to caring for an infant or child (n = 95) or all other respondents (n = 1,323) after controlling for the respondent characteristics. Conclusions: Healthcare providers should pay attention to assessing sleep characteristics of female Veterans with caregiving responsibilities, particularly those caregiving for a sick adult.     

ADHD儿童行为与教育子女方式问题的相关分析

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的父母教育子女方式的特点及其与ADHD儿童行为问题的关系.方法:选用子女教育心理控制源量表(PLOC)、Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)分别对30例ADHD及正常儿童进行评定.结果:ADHD儿童的父母在PLOC量表中教育成效、父母的责任、父母对命运/机遇的信念、父母对子女行为控制的评分高于对照组(P<0.05).PLOC的某些因素与ADHD儿童行为问题存在相关关系.结论:ADHD儿童有较多的行为问题,可能与父母教育方式有关.     

飞行员睡眠质量与个性及心理健康的关系

目的 :探讨飞行员睡眠质量与个性及心理健康之间的关系。方法 :用睡眠质量指数 (PSQI)问卷和飞行员心理健康量表 (MHI) ,对 3 5 6名来院健康疗养的飞行员进行测试和评定。结果 :睡眠质量不同者在个性和心理健康水平上存在差异。飞行员睡眠质量总分与自信性、充沛性、性格倾向性、过度自我关心、焦虑性、乐观性、敏感性、紧张性、心理健康和自我肯定等因子分呈显著正相关 (r =0 3 11-0 469,P<0 0 1) ;与敢为性、律己性、情绪稳定性、外显行为和业绩成就等因子分呈显著的负相关 (r =-0 5 0 4～ -0 2 49,P <0 0 1)。结论 :睡眠质量与个性及心理健康水平存在一定的相关性。性格外向、情绪稳定及心理健康水平好者 ,睡眠质量好。     

Associations between Maternal Sleep Quality Throughout Pregnancy and Newborn Birth Weight

ABSTRACT

Objective: Poor sleep quality is common during pregnancy. Although a few studies have investigated the associations between maternal sleep quality and fetal birth weight (BW), no evidence has been clearly demonstrated. Our aim was to investigate the effects of sleep quality during pregnancy on the newborn BW z-scores.

Participants: 1466 mother-infant pairs were included in the present study based on an ongoing prospective cohort.

Methods: Questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and scales for psychosocial status were administered at each trimester. BW z-scores were calculated based on the INTERGROWTH-21st standard. A generalized estimating equation model was applied to evaluate the associations between trimester-specific sleep quality and newborn BW after adjusting for potential confounders. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the impacts of maternal sleep quality on small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or low birth weight (LBW).

Results: We found that maternal PSQI scores in the first and third trimesters were negatively associated with BW z-scores among female newborns (β = ?0.032, 95% CI: ?0.063, ?0.001, P= .043; β = ?0.031, 95% CI: ?0.060, ?0.003, P= .033, respectively). However, no relationship was observed between maternal sleep quality and BW in male neonates. Additionally, poor sleep quality in late pregnancy was a risk factor for LBW (OR = 1.501, 95% CI: 1.082–2.082).

Conclusions: The BW z-scores of female newborns decreased as maternal sleep quality in the first and third trimesters worsened. This finding suggests that sleep during pregnancy may influence fetal weight in a trimester- and gender-specific manner.     

Associations Between Marital Conflict and Adolescent Conflict Appraisals,Stress Physiology,and Mental Health

The goal of the current study was to examine conflict appraisals and diurnal cortisol production as mediators of the robust association between marital conflict and adolescent adjustment problems. Parents reported their marital conflict and were observed engaging in a marital conflict discussion; they also reported adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Adolescents (n = 105, 52% female, 10–17 years of age) appraised their parents’ marital conflict and reported their internalizing and externalizing behaviors. After the laboratory visit, adolescents provided four saliva samples on each of 2 consecutive days to assess diurnal cortisol production. More-negative marital conflict predicted more self-blame for parental conflict, which in turn predicted less robust decreases in cortisol across the day. Further, this flattened cortisol production pattern mediated the relationship between greater self-blame for parental conflict and adolescents’ elevated internalizing behaviors. Feeling responsible for parental conflict appears to be particularly damaging in terms of physiological regulation and adjustment, and may therefore be a particularly useful intervention target.     

Context-Specific Associations Between Harsh Parenting and Peer Rejection on Child Conduct Problems at Home and School

Although harsh parenting and peer rejection are independently associated with childhood conduct problems (CP), these patterns are often informant specific, suggesting that their associations across contexts (i.e., home and school) should be considered. In a sample of 142 children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; ages 5–10; 66% male), we used structural equation modeling to evaluate the structure of multi-informant (parent, teacher) and multimethod (semi-structured interview, questionnaire) rated aggressive, rule-breaking, and oppositional behavior. Next, we explored context-specific associations by modeling harsh parenting and peer rejection as simultaneous and independent predictors of home and school CP. We observed several key findings: (a) the structure of parent- and teacher-reported CP was best accounted by context-specific CP (i.e., home vs. school) and a second-order general CP factor; (b) harsh punishment and peer rejection each independently predicted the second-order general CP factor; and (c) peer rejection was uniquely associated with school CP, whereas harsh punishment was associated only with the second-order general CP factor and did not exhibit specificity with home CP. Whereas harsh parenting and peer rejection were each independently associated with generalized CP, peer rejection showed an additional, unique context-specific association with CP exclusively expressed at school. We discuss potential explanatory mechanisms underlying context-specific associations of CP, as well as address etiological and clinical implications for understanding informant-discrepancies in CP.     

弓形虫感染与优生优育

弓形虫是一种分布较广且危害较大的常见寄生虫,特别是当孕妇感染弓形虫后,约有40％的孕妇会通过胎盘将弓形虫垂直传播给胎儿,造成胎儿产生各种先天性弓形虫病,给胎儿的健康带来极大的威胁。因此,控制好弓形虫感染与优生优育有着重要的关系。     

Predictors of Outcome for Children With Behavior Problems Served in Public Mental Health

This study investigated whether pervasiveness of problems across settings predicted successful reduction of impairment in school, home, and interactions with others after controlling for other variables that may be stronger predictors. The data of 4,434 youths between the ages of 7 and 17 years in public mental health services in Michigan were examined employing logistic regressions, with 4 sets of predictors, as follows: demographic characteristics, risk factors, therapist's perception of impairment in the youth's caregiving environment, and pervasiveness of the youth's problems. The results indicated that pervasiveness of problems was the strongest predictor of poor outcomes for each domain. In addition, impaired caregiving environment, previous hospitalization for psychiatric or substance use problems, and placement out-of-home were also negatively associated with successful outcome. The implications of the findings for practice and research are discussed.     

Parent Stress and Coping in Relation to Child ADHD Severity and Associated Child Disruptive Behavior Problems

Examined parent role distress and coping in relation to childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in mothers and fathers of 66 children age 7 to 11 (42 boys, 24 girls; mean age = 10.2). Parents of children with ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes expressed more role dissatisfaction than parents of control children. Parents of ADHD combined and inattentive type children did not differ significantly in levels of distress. For mothers, child inattention and oppositional-conduct problems but not hyperactivity contributed uniquely to role distress (dissatisfaction related to parenting or parenting performance). For fathers, parenting role distress was associated uniquely with child oppositional or aggressive behaviors but not with ADHD symptom severity. Parent coping by more use of positive reframing (thinking about problems as challenges that might be overcome) was associated with higher role satisfaction for both mothers and fathers. Community supports were associated with higher distress for mothers only.     

石河子大学在校大学生睡眠质量与心理健康状况的调查研究

目的了解石河子大学在校大学生睡眠质量与心理健康状况的关系,为改善大学生睡眠质量和提高心理健康水平提供参考和依据。方法通过随机抽样,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数调查表（PSQI）,症状自评量表（SCL-90）及一般情况调查表对石河子大学1362名在校生进行调查。结果①以PSQI总分≥8作为判断睡眠质量差的标准,睡眠质量差的有335人（24．6％）,男女分别为26．4％和22．8％（P〈0．05）;睡眠质量不佳主要表现在日间功能障碍（65．9％）,主观睡眠质量（24．8％）,入睡时间（29．9％）;②PSQI总均分男女生分别为6．05±2．82和5．76±2．47,男生得分高于女生（P〈0．05）;男生在入睡时间和睡眠效率平均得分显著高于女生（P〈0．01）;③睡眠质量差的组在SCL-90总均分和各因子均分得分均明显高于睡眠质量良和睡眠质量一般的两组（P〈0．01）;④PSQI各成份分及总分与SCL-90各因子均分及总均分间存在正相关关系（P〈0．01）。结论大学生睡眠质量与心理健康状况高度相关,因此要积极关注大学生的睡眠质量问题。     

The Associations Of Maternal Emotion Dysregulation And Early Child Dissociative Behaviors

ABSTRACT

Although dissociation is believed to develop in early childhood, there is little research prospectively examining childhood dissociation or parental contributions related to its development. The current study sought to examine parent factors prospectively related to changes in dissociation symptoms in childhood. The current study sampled 68 mother-child dyads at two time points, when children were 3–4 and then 5–6 years, in which mothers with emotion dysregulation were oversampled. Maternal emotion dysregulation was assessed at both time points. Maternal dissociation was assessed only at time two. Child dissociation was assessed at each time point using a modified subscale of the Child Behavioral Checklist. Results showed moderate stability in childhood dissociation across time points. Further, maternal emotion dysregulation and dissociation were both significantly correlated with children’s dissociation. Accounting for several covariates, time one maternal emotion dysregulation was prospectively associated with preschoolers’ dissociative behaviors at 5–6 years old. The present work suggests that symptoms of dissociation can be observed early in childhood and that maternal factors play an early role in the development of dissociation in children.