HPV疫苗研制和推广的研究进展

宫颈癌是危害全球女性健康的常见妇科恶性肿瘤,高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)持续感染是宫颈癌最主要的致病因素。现对HPV疫苗的研究进展和影响接种疫苗的因素进行综述,以期为HPV疫苗在我国的推广、研发、应用等工作提供参考。     

宫颈癌病人对人乳头瘤病毒及其疫苗的认知及态度分析

[目的]了解宫颈癌病人对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)及其疫苗的认知情况,为宫颈癌病人健康教育及HPV疫苗推广提供科学依据。[方法]采用横断面调查方法,对陕西省肿瘤医院就诊的宫颈癌病人250例进行HPV认知问卷调查。[结果]本组宫颈癌病人中27.6%听说过HPV,其中60.9%知道HPV感染与宫颈癌有关,宫颈癌病人中HPV的知晓率在不同的职业、教育程度和个人年收入方面存在差异(P0.05);17.6%病人听说过HPV疫苗,82.0%愿意自己的亲属和朋友接种HPV疫苗,67.2%病人能接受疫苗价格100元。[结论]宫颈癌病人对HPV知晓率较低,其认知水平在职业、教育程度和个人收入水平方面存在差异;宫颈癌病人对自己亲属和朋友接种HPV疫苗的意愿较高,且67.2%病人愿意支付100元以上的疫苗费用。     

宫颈癌患者直系年轻女性家属HPV疫苗接种现状调查及相关因素分析

目的调查宫颈癌患者直系年轻女性家属人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗接种现状及影响因素分析,为HPV疫苗的推广提供一定的基础。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,调查于2020年2—7月就诊于我院的宫颈癌患者的直系年轻女性家属接种HPV疫苗的现状及影响因素。结果共调查183名宫颈癌患者直系年轻女性家属,其中73.22%(134/183)对人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗有接种意愿,57.92%(106/183)对人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗的预防效果表示非常满意,达到自身的需求,仅17.49%(32/183)已接种疫苗;已接种疫苗的32名受访者,100%(32/32)担心不接种会患宫颈癌;未接种的151名受访者,59.6%(90/151)担心疫苗的安全性,40.39%(62/151)对疫苗的来源不信任,29.8%(45/151)在疫苗的预约阶段。年龄、学历对是否接种HPV疫苗有统计学意义,职业、婚姻状况、家庭收入对接种疫苗无统计学意义。结论宫颈癌患者直系年轻女性家属对HPV疫苗有一定的认知,但不够全面,有接种意愿的较多,但疫苗接种率不高,HPV疫苗的安全性、疫苗来源及接种疫苗可及性的提高是宫颈癌患者直系年轻女性家属接种HPV疫苗的主要促进因素。     

宫颈癌病人对人乳头瘤病毒及其疫苗的认知及态度分析

[目的]了解宫颈癌病人对人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）及其疫苗的认知情况,为宫颈癌病人健康教育及 HPV 疫苗推广提供科学依据。[方法]采用横断面调查方法,对陕西省肿瘤医院就诊的宫颈癌病人250例进行 HPV 认知问卷调查。[结果]本组宫颈癌病人中27.6%听说过 HPV,其中60.9%知道 HPV感染与宫颈癌有关,宫颈癌病人中 HPV的知晓率在不同的职业、教育程度和个人年收入方面存在差异（P〈0.05）;17.6%病人听说过 HPV疫苗,82.0%愿意自己的亲属和朋友接种 HPV疫苗,67.2%病人能接受疫苗价格＆gt;100元。[结论]宫颈癌病人对 HPV知晓率较低,其认知水平在职业、教育程度和个人收入水平方面存在差异;宫颈癌病人对自己亲属和朋友接种 HPV疫苗的意愿较高,且67.2%病人愿意支付100元以上的疫苗费用。     

宫颈癌与人乳头状瘤病毒研究综述

宫颈癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)是宫颈癌的主要致病因素。本文介绍了宫颈癌的发病因素、HPV性质、HPV感染引起宫颈癌的作用机制、宫颈癌的中国筛查方案及HPV疫苗效能等知识,认为HPV是宫颈癌的主要危险因素但不是唯一因素,做好宫颈癌筛查、疫苗接种及早期治疗工作,宫颈癌是可防和可控的。     

宁夏部分女性对宫颈癌及其疫苗的认知情况与接种意愿调查分析

目的:了解宁夏部分女性对宫颈癌及HPV疫苗(Human Papillomavirs,HPV)的认知现状与接种意愿,分析影响接种HPV疫苗的因素,为本区更好地开展HPV疫苗接种、预防宫颈癌的发生提供参考依据。方法:采用便利抽样法选取宁夏地区五个市的325例女性进行问卷调查。结果:325例调查者中,37.23%的女性对宫颈癌的了解程度为一般了解,32.31%的女性为很少了解;39.08%的女性听说过HPV疫苗;有72.62%的女性愿意接种HPV疫苗。结论:宁夏部分女性对宫颈癌知识及HPV疫苗的知晓率较低,但接种意愿相对较强,而女性对宫颈癌知识的了解程度、疫苗的认知程度及疫苗的价格、地区的差异、文化程度、经济状况等均是影响其是否愿意接种的主要因素。     

HPV疫苗接种现状及干预研究进展

HPV全称为人乳头瘤病毒，为球形 DNA 病毒，特异性较高。HPV 疫苗为非免疫规划疫苗，能够预防 HPV 感染引起的 宫颈癌、生殖器疣等疾病，主要接种目标人群为 9～45 岁女性。疫苗接种及干预具有显著医学价值。为此，本文详细阐述 HPV 疫苗与宫颈癌关系、HPV 疫苗基本情况、分析 HPV 疫苗接种现状和干预的研究进展，以期为 HPV 疫苗接种及干预工作提供参 考，从而提高 HPV 疫苗接种率及接种干预质量。     

人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌关系的研究进展

在世界女性恶性肿瘤的发病率中,宫颈癌排第二位,而人乳头瘤病毒(Human pap:lilloma virus,HPV)感染是宫颈癌最常见的病因.随着对HPV研究的不断深入,HPV与宫颈癌的关系越来越清晰,本文就HPV的生物学特性,致宫颈癌的主要机制,检测方法及相关疫苗的情况进行阐述.     

衡阳市三级甲等医院住院病人对HPV疫苗相关知识认知和态度分析

[目的]了解衡阳市三级甲等医院住院病人人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗相关知识和态度现状,为宣传HPV感染和疫苗及宫颈癌防治知识提供依据。[方法]随机抽取衡阳市三级甲等医院住院病人192例,进行问卷调查。[结果]HPV疫苗的知晓率为7.8%;对HPV疫苗能预防宫颈癌和尖锐湿疣知识认知水平分别是7.3%和6.8%;44.8%愿意了解HPV疫苗相关知识;48.0%愿意接种HPV疫苗;37.5%愿意作为志愿者接受HPV疫苗试验;15.1%不在乎HPV疫苗的价格愿意接种HPV疫苗。[结论]住院病人对HPV疫苗知晓率较低,HPV感染相关知识认知水平偏低,应加强防治HPV感染相关知识的宣传教育。     

体检人群对人乳头瘤病毒疫苗认知与需求情况的调查分析

[目的]了解体检人群对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗认知与需求情况。[方法]采用自行设计的调查问卷对体检中心300例15岁~59岁女性体检人群进行 HPV 疫苗认知与需求情况调查。[结果]85.3%的被调查者了解宫颈癌,但仅有41.0%的人知道宫颈癌与 HPV 感染的关系,仅约26.0%的人听说过 HPV 疫苗;HPV 疫苗认知率与年龄、文化程度及经济收入相关。[结论]15岁~59岁女性体检人群对HPV 认知较高,对 HPV 疫苗认知较低,HPV 疫苗认知率与年龄、文化程度及经济收入相关。     

Measurement of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines in body fluids and tissues in children and in adults

We have developed a reliable and validated radio-enzymatic method for the assay of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, using a modification of existing methods. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 mumol/l using 10 microliters of plasma or urine. It is also suitable for measurements of carnitine in a 10 mg sample of liver or muscle obtained by percutaneous biopsy. The use of N-ethylmaleimide in the reaction mixture together with an excess of [1-14C]acetyl CoA ensures that the reaction proceeds to completion and a linear response is obtained. Using this method control ranges have been established for plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in healthy children and adults, and for the carnitine content of liver and muscle in adults. No significant difference was found between fasting and post-prandial plasma carnitine levels. An age-related increase was found in urinary total carnitine and acylcarnitine concentration throughout childhood. These data provide a reliable basis for studies of patients with abnormal carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism, distribution and excretion.     

Activity of amikacin and ampicillin in succession and in combination

One strain each of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis were exposed to amikacin and ampicillin in combination as well as in succession. Exposure to ampicillin for 1 hr followed by amikacin for 3 or 4 hr had the greatest antibacterial activity when the antibiotics were applied in succession. The least effective exposures for both organisms were 1 hr to amikacin followed by 3 or 4 hr to ampicillin. Exposure to the antibiotics in combination each at 1 MIC had the overall greatest antibacterial activity. Simultaneous exposure to the antibiotic combination does not necessarily mean simultaneous activity of both ampicillin and amikacin on the E. coli. The cell wall autolytic activities produced by ampicillin are triggered within 10 min after physical contact with the bacteria. In contrast, amikacin requires at least 30 min after physical contact to manifest its activity on the ribosome. Although physical exposure to both antibiotics in the combination is simultaneous, the specific activity of each is in fact sequential, with ampicillin acting first. This explains the synergistic effect of the combination. It appears, therefore, that the synergistic or antagonistic affect of a drug combination is determined by the sequence and timing of the antibacterial manifestations of its components.     

纤维支气管镜在儿童咯血诊断与治疗中的应用

目的 评价纤维支气管镜术在儿童咯血病因诊断及治疗中的价值以及安全性.方法 应用用日本产Olympus BF 3c-40纤维支气管镜(最小外径3.6 mm)给58名咯血原因不明的患者行纤维支气管镜检查,并予镜下局部止血治疗.判断出血部位、观察病变情况和出血的原因、临床表现、其他辅助检查、治疗及转归等进行综合分析.结果 引起咯血的主要疾病为气管支气管、肺部的炎症24例(41.3%)、支气管内膜结核12例(20.7%)、支气管异物8例(13.7%)、特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症7例(12.1%)、支气管扩张4例(6.9%)、心肺血管发育异常1例,原因不明2例.诊断阳性率为96.5%.镜下发现有活动性出血18例,镜下局部止血治疗后显效者10例,有效者8例,有效率为100%.术中并发短暂低氧血症(SaO2＜85%,＜20 s)15例,加大吸氧流量后均改善;术后发热3例均为低热,24 h后热退.结论 纤维支气管镜检查可明确出血部位及原因并可进行局部治疗,且安全的有效.     

Sites of in vivo extraction and interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione in dogs

The interconversion and extraction of testosterone and androstenedione across and within different tissues or areas have been studied by the constant infusion technique. The results were calculated using the (3)H/(14)C ratios and radioactive concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione obtained from afferent and efferent blood and tissues at equilibrium. In each tissue studied, the interconversion between testosterone and androstenedione inside the tissue was significantly higher than the corresponding interconversion across the tissue. The pulmonary contribution to the total interconversion between testosterone and androstenedione was far more important than that of any of the other tissues studied. The hepatic metabolic clearance rates of testosterone and androstenedione were not different from their metabolic clearance rates in the mesenteric area. The extraction of each of these compounds, although not negligible, was lower in the kidney and the femoral bed compared with the extraction in the liver and the mesenteric area. Finally, with the possible exception of the liver, testosterone and androstenedione were more completely metabolized when they originated from the cells than from afferent blood.The evaluation of these different tissue transfer constants provides more precise information concerning the relative importance of different sites in the metabolism of these interconverting hormones.     

Role of oxidants and antioxidants in atherosclerosis: results of in vitro and in vivo investigations

Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that oxidants are central in the development of atherosclerosis. Consequently, additional studies evaluated the protective effects of various natural and synthetic antioxidants, alone and in combination, with most studies focusing on alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). Here, we summarize the role of oxidants in the pathomechanism of atherosclerosis. We also discuss epidemiological studies and others focused on the protective effect of vitamin E against atherosclerosis. Other antioxidants are also considered if they were included in studies involving vitamin E. The protective effect of antioxidants on atherosclerotic pathomechanisms has been confirmed in vitro, but only in some animal studies. Various epidemiological and observational studies have produced conflicting results on the protective effect of antioxidants. Most studies of primary or secondary prevention failed to show a protective effect. These conflicting results are biased by a number of factors, including differences between the study groups. Therefore, we describe these studies in detail.     

Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of flunitrazepam in neonates and in infants.

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of flunitrazepam (used for sedation in neonates and infants), to determine the influence of both gestational and postnatal age on the pharmacokinetic parameters, and to analyze the relationship between the hemodynamic parameters and flunitrazepam plasma concentration. METHODS: Flunitrazepam was infused for 20 minutes as a single dose (0.2 mg x kg(-1)) and as multiple doses (0.1 mg x kg(-1)). Six to eight 1-mL blood samples were collected per patient. Flunitrazepam plasma concentration was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (25 neonates and six infants) were included in the study. Only three of them received multiple doses. After the single dose (n = 28), half-life was 22.6 +/- 7.3 hours, clearance was 0.15 +/- 0.14 L x kg x h(-1), and volume of distribution was 4.6 +/- 4.1 L x kg(-1) (mean +/- SD). Plasma clearance and volume of distribution significantly increased with postnatal age (P < .05), but no pharmacokinetic parameter varied significantly with gestational age. Diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased with increasing flunitrazepam plasma concentrations (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Postnatal age but not gestational age influenced flunitrazepam pharmacokinetic parameters in neonates and infants. Diastolic blood pressure was inversely correlated to flunitrazepam plasma concentration.