经皮椎体后凸成形术后骨水泥肺栓塞1例报告及文献回顾

<正>经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折最常用的手术方式。PKP通过球囊压力装置恢复骨折节段椎体高度的同时,在椎体内形成相对连续的空腔,有助于骨水泥注入,从而恢复骨折椎体的生物力学稳定性[1]。尽管PKP是相对安全有效的常规术式,但术后骨水泥渗漏并导致肺栓塞的发生依然会造成严重后果。我院收治1例L2椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折患     

经皮椎体成形术后骨水泥肺栓塞1例报道

<正>随着社会老龄化加剧,脊柱骨质疏松性压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, OVCFs)发病率逐年增加,经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty, PVP)成为治疗OVCFs最常用的一种微创手术,尽管该术式安全有效,但其并发症-骨水泥渗漏也相对常见,尤其骨水泥渗漏引起的肺栓塞更是一种严重的、潜在的,具有致命风险的并发症,引     

经皮椎体成形术并发骨水泥肺栓塞的研究进展

自1987年Galibert等介绍经皮椎体成形术(percutane-ous vertebroplasty,PVP)开始,该术式逐渐成为骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折、椎体血管瘤、椎体转移瘤的一种有效地微创治疗手段,其安全性和可靠性得到了临床的广泛认可[12].PVP的并发症主要与骨水泥渗漏相关,其中骨水泥肺栓塞是最严重的并发...     

经皮椎体成形术及椎体后凸成形术骨水泥的研究进展

近年来,经皮椎体成形术（PVP）和经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）作为一种微创手术广泛应用于治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折、椎体血管瘤或椎体转移瘤,获得了满意的临床效果。其中永久留置在椎体内的骨水泥成为国内外众多学者的研究热点。笔者就骨水泥的研究进展综述如下。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术骨水泥渗漏的中期随访及应对策略

目的:回顾性分析经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折发生骨水泥渗漏的临床资料,探讨骨水泥渗漏的类型及中期临床疗效的影响。方法:收集自2011年10月至2016年10月收治的17例经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折术中骨水泥渗漏的病例,其中男7例,女10例;年龄68~87岁,平均78岁。均有轻微外伤史,伤前均正常活动,生活完全自理,伤后均表现为腰背部疼痛,无神经根受损的症状和体征。通过影像学资料确定骨水泥向椎管内、椎间隙渗漏的途径,测量手术前后的椎体高度、Cobb角,观察椎管狭窄改善情况。术前和末次随访采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)分别对患者进行疼痛和日常活动功能改善情况的评估。结果:17例患者均获得随访,时间4~7年,平均5.1年。通过影像学资料根据解剖位置确定渗漏途径为椎旁型6例,椎间盘型3例,椎管型2例,椎弓根型5例,混合型1例。术前病椎前缘椎体高度为(27.7±3.5)%,末次随访时前缘椎体高度明显恢复至(56.4±2.5)%,且后凸畸形得到矫正。Cobb角由术前的(45.3±4.2)°矫正至末次随访时的(18.3±3.1)°。VAS评分从术前的7.9±1.5降至末次随访时的2.1±0.5。ODI从术前的(49.1±7.5)%恢复至末次随访时的(23.5±3.7)%。其中2例患者术中出现下肢神经症状,紧急予神经根消肿药物对症治疗,且后期经过营养神经治疗,神经症状消失。3例出现腰背部疼痛,其中1例出现腰背痛难忍,予止痛等对症治疗后疼痛消失。结论:即使在经皮椎体后凸成形术术中出现一定程度的骨水泥向椎旁和椎管内渗漏,也可暂不与紧急行开窗椎管减压,中期随访结果显示经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折发生骨水泥渗漏的临床效果满意,手术渗漏产生明显临床症状者经过治疗后临床症状基本消失。     

小剂量骨水泥经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的 分析小剂量骨水泥经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression, OVCF)的临床疗效。方法 2009年12月~2013年12月, 采用小剂量骨水泥PKP治疗老年椎体压缩骨折患者46例(58个椎体),测量术前、术后X线片椎体高度变化,并采用视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)评估手术疗效。结果 所有手术均顺利完成,无椎体后缘和椎管骨水泥渗漏;所有患者疼痛感明显缓解或消失, 42例患者术后生活可自理,3例患者1~3个月逐渐恢复正常生活,1例患者生活不能自理,但疼痛症状改善。术后随访1年,椎体前缘、椎体中部高度均较术前增加,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05);术后VAS评分及ODI均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。结论 小剂量骨水泥PKP治疗老年OVCF能有效缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,且骨水泥渗漏并发症发生率低,是一种安全可靠的手术方法。     

经皮椎体成形术磷酸钙骨水泥治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨应用经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)自固化磷酸钙骨水泥(calcium phosphate cement,CPC)充填治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法 45例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折患者病人共45个椎体,采用自固化磷酸钙骨水泥(calcium phosphatecement,CPC)治疗,平均充填量为2～4mL。手术前后应用国际通用术前疼痛目测分级(VAS)评分,脊柱侧位X线片测量椎体高度。结果 45例患者45个椎体操作全部成功,成功率100%。术后随访24个月,患者背部疼痛明显缓解或消失;术前VAS评分为6.5～8.8分,平均7.6±0.65分,术后1个月VAS评分平均2.02±0.87分,术后24个月VAS评分平均2.82±1.11分,手术前后有统计学意义(P0.05),术后1个月与术后24个月比较无显著差异(P0.05)。术后椎体高度无变化,随访椎体高度无丢失、无并发症。结论自固化磷酸钙骨水泥(calcium phosphate cement,CPC)充填治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗手段。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中骨水泥渗漏的防治

目的 总结应用经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture,OVCF)中骨水泥渗漏的原因及防治措施. 方法 2003年4月-2007年11月,采用PKP治疗OVCF 116例,其中男57例,女59例;年龄65～92岁,平均67.7岁.均为外伤引起的腰背部疼痛,病程1～14 d,平均5.7 d.压缩骨折椎体共159个,单个椎体83例,2个椎体24例,3个椎体8例,4个椎体1例.术前影像学检查示均符合OVCF表现,椎体后壁无破坏,无脊髓和神经根受损症状.术中单个椎体骨水泥注入量3.5～7.1 mL,平均4.8 mL. 结果 手术时间30～90 rain,平均48 min.术后患者疼痛明显缓解.术后第2天摄x线片复查,病椎复位满意,未见椎体进一步压缩、变形,骨水泥分布均匀.其中有14个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏,渗漏至椎体前方4个椎体,至椎体侧方4个椎体,至椎体后方3个椎体,至椎间盘2个椎体,至椎管1个椎体.渗漏原因与患者的选择、术者操作规范程度及骨水泥注入时机等有关.患者均获随访,随访时间12～30个月,平均24个月.均恢复伤前生活方式,无疼痛及其他并发症发生,未见医源性椎管狭窄,伤椎高度无明显丢失. 结论 经皮球囊扩张PKP治疗OVCF是一种安全有效的微创手术,严格选择有良好适应证的患者、提高骨水泥黏度及合适的注射剂量,以及术中精确定位等方法 可减少骨水泥渗漏的发生.     

经皮椎体成形术后患者骨水泥渗漏的影响因素

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)术后患者发生骨水泥渗漏的影响因素。方法回顾性分析189例行PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者的临床资料,根据术后是否出现骨水泥渗漏分为渗漏组(n=89)和非渗漏组(n=100),分析骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者PVP术后发生骨水泥渗漏的相关因素。结果89例骨水泥渗漏患者中A型渗漏38例(42.70%),B型渗漏26例(29.21%),C型渗漏15例(16.85%),D型渗漏10例(11.24%)。单因素分析结果显示,两组患者性别、年龄、一次性治疗椎体个数和骨折至手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术前伤椎高度、骨水泥注入量、术前Cobb角、穿刺路径和椎体周壁破坏因素比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic线性回归分析结果显示,术前伤椎高度、骨水泥注入量、术前Cobb角、穿刺路径和椎体周壁破坏等因素是导致PVP术后骨水泥渗漏的独立危险因素。结论术前伤椎高度、骨水泥注入量、术前Cobb角、穿刺路径和椎体周壁破坏等是PVP术后骨水泥渗漏的影响因素。     

经皮椎体成形术后骨水泥渗漏的危险因素分析

目的 分析骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折经皮椎体成形术后骨水泥渗漏的危险因素,进而有效预防骨水泥渗漏以确保手术疗效和安全性。方法 纳入自2018-01—2022-12采用经皮椎体成形术治疗的360例新鲜骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折,收集术后骨水泥渗漏患者与无骨水泥渗漏患者的临床资料,将患者性别、年龄、体质量指数、骨密度T值、术前Cobb角、骨折部位、骨折形态、骨质压缩程度、是否存在椎体裂隙征、骨折至手术时间、椎弓根穿刺路径、骨水泥注入状态、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥弥散形态纳入单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 360例中102例出现骨水泥渗漏,骨水泥渗漏发生率为28.3%。单因素分析结果显示,骨水泥渗漏患者与无骨水泥渗漏患者在性别、年龄、体质量指数、骨密度T值、骨折部位、椎弓根穿刺路径方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示骨密度、骨折形态、骨质压缩程度、术前Cobb角、椎体裂隙征、骨折至手术时间、骨水泥注入状态、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥弥散形态是骨水泥渗漏的危险因素。结论 控制单一因素并不能完全预防经皮椎体成形术后骨水泥渗漏,需根据患者个体差异综...     

Management of pulmonary cement embolism after percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: a systematic review of the literature

Balloon kyphoplasty and percutaneous vertebroplasty are relatively recent procedures in the treatment of painful vertebral fractures. There are, however, still some uncertainties about the incidence and treatment strategies of pulmonary cement embolisms (PCE). In order to work out a treatment strategy for the management of this complication, we performed a review of the literature. The results show that there is no clear diagnostic or treatment standard for PCE. The literature research revealed that the risk of a pulmonary embolism ranges from 3.5 to 23% for osteoporotic fractures. In cases of asymptomatic patients with peripheral PCE we recommend no treatment besides clinical follow-up; in cases of symptomatic or central embolisms, however, we recommend to proceed according to the guidelines regarding the treatment of thrombotic pulmonary embolisms, which includes initial heparinization and a following 6-month coumarin therapy. In order to avoid any types of embolisms, both procedures should only be performed by experienced surgeons after critical determination of the indications.     

Acute renal failure after high-dose antibiotic bone cement: case report and review of the literature

Abstract

High-dose antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) spacers are commonly used to treat prosthetic joint infections following total hip and knee arthroplasties. This methodology can provide high local antibiotic concentrations while minimizing systemic exposure and toxicity. The occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is rarely reported. Available literature suggests that the rate may be higher than previously thought. We report a case of significant systemic tobramycin absorption with concomitant acute renal failure in a 69-year-old female following the implantation of a high-dose ALBC spacer containing both tobramycin and vancomycin. The tobramycin level 24?h post-surgery was 5.8 mcg/mL. Due to concomitant renal failure, antibiotic clearance was poor and resulted in prolonged exposure to elevated aminoglycoside levels. Recovery of renal function occurred, but clinicians should be vigilant in considering the potential impact ALBC spacers can have on post-operative renal function if antibiotic elution is higher than expected.     

Successful management of a large pulmonary cement embolus after percutaneous vertebroplasty: a case report

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is increasingly used for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Local leakage of polymethylmethacrylate cement into the perivertebral space is a common complication, but important systemic effects have rarely been reported. The authors describe the case of a 52-year-old patient with central pulmonary embolism after percutaneous vertebroplasty of the eleventh thoracic vertebral body. The large cement embolus was removed from the right pulmonary artery with a hybrid technique combining an interventional catheter procedure with an open heart operation. The patient made an uneventful recovery. The authors review how appropriate arthroplasty techniques might minimize the risk of this dreadful complication.     

Surgical pulmonary embolectomy for submassive pulmonary embolism: a case report and review of the literature

We present an interesting case of recurrent syncope which was found to be submassive Pulmonary Embolism (PE) with right atrial thrombus. Patient underwent successful surgical pulmonary embolectomy with removal of right atrial thrombus. Follow-up computed tomography revealed bilateral patent pulmonary circulation with normal right ventricle function and pulmonary artery pressure on echocardiography. We also reviewed the literature for the patients operated for submassive pulmonary embolism and their results.     

骨水泥强化空心侧孔椎弓根螺钉内固定术后骨水泥心肺栓塞1例报道

骨水泥心肺栓塞是骨水泥渗漏的一种罕见类型,其病因是由于骨水泥渗漏进入体内静脉系统,回流至右心房、右心室以及肺脏,从而造成心肺栓塞。我院1例腰椎管狭窄症合并骨质疏松患者行腰椎后路切开减压植骨融合+骨水泥强化空心侧孔椎弓根螺钉钉棒系统内固定术,术后因骨水泥渗漏导致心脏和肺脏骨水泥栓塞,紧急行心脏外科手术治疗,术后患者恢复良好,报告如下。     

椎体成形术后邻近椎体序贯骨折1例及文献回顾

经皮椎体成形术（PVP）、后凸成形术（PKP）在治疗老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折引起的椎体源性疼痛方面已取得了显著的临床疗效。随着临床上的普遍应用,术后椎体再发骨折的病例开始出现。本院收治了1例邻近椎体多次发生椎体压缩性骨折的患者,病例特点十分典型,现报告如下。     

Fat embolism syndrome after liposuction: a case report and review of the literature

There have been three previous case reports of fat embolism syndrome (FES) after lipectomy. We present a case of FES diagnosed by pulmonary angiography. It seems likely that there is an incidence of subclinical fat embolization after liposuction, but conservative patient selection and aggressive postoperative management can lessen the morbidity and mortality of FES.     

Massive preoperative pulmonary embolism and suprasellar brain tumor: case report and review of the literature

A 57-year-old man presented to our facility with the diagnosis of a suprasellar mass and died on the 2nd post-admission day from a massive pulmonary embolism. At autopsy, the mass was diagnosed as craniopharyngioma. This case report and review of the literature suggest an intimate relation between brain tumors and thromboembolic complications as evidenced by the high incidence of this association, the frequent occurrence of coagulopathies in patients with brain tumors, and the prevalence of tumors in the suprasellar location. The specific mechanisms that may be at play are reviewed.