Cerebellous metastases in patients with uterine cervical cancer. Two cases reports and review of the literature.

Brain metastases from cervical cancer are extremely rare. We report on two patients who developed cerebellous metastases following uterine cervical cancer. The interval between diagnosis of the primary cancer and diagnosis of brain metastasis was 8 months. The main complaint was symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and cerebellous syndrome. Surgical excision of the brain lesion followed by radiation therapy was performed in the first case. The second patient received palliative radiation therapy. The first patient died 8 months after diagnosis. The second patient is alive 2 months after diagnosis.     

Two case reports of vinorelbine extravasation: management and review of the literature

Vinorelbine tartrate (Navelbine, Burroughs Wellcome Company, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid approved in many countries for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. It is also used in the treatment of advanced breast and ovarian cancers and lymphoma. Like other vinca alkaloids, Navelbine can cause skin necrosis as a consequence of inadvertent extravasation in surrounding tissues during intravenous administration. In such cases, early treatment is strongly advocated. There is no documented case of vinorelbine extravasation in the literature. The authors herein report two cases successfully treated with hyaluronidase injections plus saline flushout under local anesthesia.     

Ectopic breast cancer: Two case reports and review of the Japanese literature

Two cases of carcinoma involving ectopic breast tissue are reported, along with a review of the Japanese literature. A total of 65 cases of ectopic breast cancer have been reported; 59 of which occurred in the axilla. Total mastectomy with axillary dissection was performed in 29 cases, and tumor excision with or without nodal dissection was done in 30 cases. Outcome was known in 33 cases, and 5 cases had recurred at the time of this writing. Although the prognosis of ectopic breast cancer was difficult to establish with the limited follow-up data, all the 5 cases in our series with recurrence had axillary lymph node metastases at the time of surgery. Therefore, the complete excision of ectopic breast tissue with nodal dissection, and subsequent chemoendocrine therapy, especially in node-positive patients, is recommended as the treatment of choice.     

Angiosarcoma of the breast. Two case reports and a review of the literature

Two cases of angiosarcoma of the breast are presented. They are of particular interest in that one patient is a long-term survivor, the 19th reported to date, and the other presented with contralateral breast involvement without evidence of disseminated disease. The world literature is reviewed and a discussion is presented of the clinical features, treatment, histopathologic features, and prognosis of this rare breast neoplasm. Tumor size and degree of tumor differentiation are the most important prognostic indicators, and in general a simple mastectomy is the treatment of choice. The value of adjuvant irradiation and chemotherapy is uncertain.     

产生基质的化生性乳腺癌六例临床病理分析

目的 产生基质的化生性乳腺癌(matrix-producing metaplastic carcinoma of the breast,MPMC)较罕见,病理形态非常特殊,容易导致误诊.本研究探讨MPMC临床病理学特征、诊断要点及鉴别诊断.方法 收集2010-01-01-2016-01-01北京大学人民医院MPMC患者6例.患者均为女性,年龄42~73岁,中位年龄49岁.分析6例MPMC的临床特点,观察其组织病理学表现并进行免疫组化染色,同时复习相关文献资料.结果 肿瘤呈结节状生长,部分区域呈浸润性生长方式.结节周围为大片上皮样巢团,中央为黏液软骨样基质,可见坏死.6例上皮样细胞团均为乳腺浸润性导管癌,4例组织学分级呈Ⅲ级改变,2例为Ⅱ级.免疫组化6例患者中有4例ER、PR和C-erbB-2阴性,1例ER阳性,1例C-erbB-2为+,6例CK5/6、S100、CK和Vimentin、EGFR阳性.另做组织化学染色AB-PAS,6例均为阳性.结论 MPMC一种非常罕见的恶性肿瘤,诊断时需与叶状肿瘤等鉴别,免疫组化有助于鉴别诊断.     

原发性腹膜癌2例及文献复习

目的：探讨原发性腹膜癌的诊断标准、鉴别诊断。方法：对两例原发性腹膜癌的临床与病理资料进行分析,结合文献对其临床特点、诊断进行分析。结果：原发性腹膜癌无特异性临床表现,腹水易找到癌细胞,CA125升高,易误诊为卵巢癌。确诊主要依靠手术组织病理学检查,手术切除及术后系统化疗是主要的治疗手段。结论：原发性腹膜癌无典型临床特点,误诊率高,病理学检查是确诊的主要手段。     

原发性腹膜癌2例及文献复习

目的:探讨原发性腹膜癌的诊断标准、鉴别诊断。方法:对两例原发性腹膜癌的临床与病理资料进行分析,结合文献对其临床特点、诊断进行分析。结果:原发性腹膜癌无特异性临床表现,腹水易找到癌细胞,CA125升高,易误诊为卵巢癌。确诊主要依靠手术组织病理学检查,手术切除及术后系统化疗是主要的治疗手段。结论:原发性腹膜癌无典型临床特点,误诊率高,病理学检查是确诊的主要手段。     

毛细胞白血病2例分析并文献复习

目的:分析毛细胞白血病(HCL)的临床特点。方法:根据患者的临床表现、骨髓细胞形态学及组织化学染色、免疫分型、电镜检查等进行诊断。结果:两例患者初诊时均白细胞总数升高,一例脾切除,淋巴结肿大,另一例无脾脏及浅表淋巴结肿大。结论:HCL发病率很低,骨髓涂片发现毛细胞、电镜检查、免疫分型对诊断有重要意义,联合化疗和干细胞移植能显著提高HCL长期生存率。     

Two cases of acrometastasis to the hands and review of the literature

This paper reports two cases of acrometastasis to the hands. The first case involved a 78-year-old woman with a permeative osteolytic lesion in her proximal second metacarpal. A biopsy of this lesion suggested a diagnosis of non-small-cell lung carcinoma with secondary osseous metastasis. This was the first presentation of the woman’s primary diagnosis. A single 8-Gy fraction of palliative radiotherapy was delivered to the patient’s left hand. The treatment proved successful: the woman soon experienced pain relief and regained the use of her hand. The second case involved a 69-year-old woman with extensive lytic destruction involving the proximal two thirds of her third metacarpal. This patient had been diagnosed with carcinoma of the breast in 1990. She also received a single 8-Gy fraction of radiation, which improved both her pain and her hand mobility.An extensive review of the literature uncovered 257 previously reported cases of acrometastasis. Articles were analyzed based on age and sex of the patient, site of the primary carcinoma, metastatic locations within the hand and affected appendage or appendages, the treatment given, and the patient’s length of survival. Men were almost twice as likely to experience acrometastasis as women, and the median age of the patients overall was 58 years (range: 18 months–91 years). Lung, kidney, and breast carcinoma were the three most prevalent primary diagnoses reported in the literature. Cancers of the colon, stomach, liver, prostate, and rectum affected the remainder of the population.Overall, the right hand was more often host to the metastatic lesions. In addition, almost 10% of the patients experienced lesions in both hands. The third finger was the digit most affected by osseous metastases reported in the literature. Lesions of the thumb, fourth finger, second finger, and fifth finger were less commonly reported. The region of the digit most often affected within the patient population was the distal phalanx. The metacarpal bones, proximal phalanges, and middle phalanges comprised the remainder of the four most frequent acrometastatic sites. In the literature, single lesions were more prevalent than multiple bony lesions.Based on the reported cases, amputation appeared to be the preferred method of treatment. Radiation, excision, and systemic therapy were the next most frequently used treatments. Patient survival was not well documented within the literature. However, the median survival of patients in the reported cases was 6 months. Thus, our review suggested that a diagnosis of hand metastasis is an indication of poor prognosis.This report serves to emphasize the importance of properly diagnosing acrometastases. Identifying and effectively treating these metastases in a timely manner can lead to a dramatic improvement in a patient’s quality of life.     

Mediastinal paragangliomas (aortic body tumor): a report of four cases and a review of the literature.

Four cases of paraganglioma originating in the supra-aortic or aortico-pulmonary bodies are described. A review of the reported examples of aortic body tumors and a study of these four cases indicate that there is a high incidence of aggressive tumor growth in the mediastinum, with resultant important morbidity or death in 16 of 35 cases. The morphologic features of aortic body tumors are identical to those of paragangliomas of other locations, and the occurrence of invasive growth and/or metastasis cannot be predicted on histologic grounds.     

Hyalohyphomycoses due to Fusarium spp.—Two case reports and review of the literature

Summary. We report a case of a severe Fusarium solani keratitis in a 82-year-old patient with a history of surgical trauma. Antimycotic therapy and keratoplasty led to markedly improved vision. Identification of the fungus was complicated by the fact that the isolate did not produce the typical macroconidia.
The second case was a fatal disseminated Fusarium verticillioides infection in a 69-year-old patient during neutropenia after chemotherapy of acute myelogenous leukaemia. The patient developed pneumonia, fever, skin lesions, myalgia, and fungaemia. The clinical signs, diagnosis and therapy of localized and disseminated Fusarium infections are outlined and discussed in view of the literature.
Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine 82-jährige Patientin mit schwerer Fusarium solani -Keratitis an einem voroperierten Auge. Der Visus konnte durch antimykotische Therapie und zusätzliche Keratoplastik deutlich gebessert werden. Die Differenzierung des Pilzes bereitete Schwierigkeiten, da der Stamm die typischen Makrokonidien nicht ausbildete.
Der zweite Fall betraf eine tödlich verlaufende disseminierte Fusarium verticillioides -Infektion bei einem 69-jährigen Patienten in der Neutropenie-Phase nach Chemotherapie einer akuten myeloi-schen Leukose. Der Patient entwickelte eine Pneumonie, Fieber, Hautläsionen, Myalgie und eine Pilzsepsis. Die klinische Symptomatik, Diagnostik und Therapie von lokalisierten und systemischen Fusarium -Infektionen werden unter Berücksichtigung der Literatur besprochen.     

2例直肠神经内分泌肿瘤伴肝转移及文献复习

目的:探讨直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床治疗。方法:总结2例直肠神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移的临床资料及诊疗过程,并复习国内外相关文献。结果:2例患者经过化疗、靶向治疗、内分泌治疗及手术、射频消融等多种治疗手段,病情均在短期内进展。结论:合并肝脏转移的晚期直肠神经内分泌肿瘤治疗困难。     

Nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis: case reports and literature review

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory chronic disease characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas most frequently in lungs and in intrathoracic lymph nodes. The nasopharyngeal form is unusual and noncommon in the ENT practice.Background and objectives:In order to establish a correct knowledge about this rare disease, we report two different cases of nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis moreover all the available literature is reviewed.Materials and Methods:A systematic literature review was made through PubMed databases, according to the PRISMA guidelines (1), combining the following key words: Nasopharyngeal, Rhinopharynx, Sarcoidosis, in publications between 1951 and 2020. In addition, we reported our personal experience on the disease by describing two clinical cases that occurred at our clinic in November 2018 and June 2019.Results:16 articles reported 27 cases of nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis. The number of males was 13 (48,2%) and the number of females was 14 (51,8%) with a mean age at the diagnosis of 35,28 ± 13.05 years old (range 5 - 64). In 16 (59,3%) cases nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis was associated with lungs and/or intrathoracic lymph nodes involvement; nasal obstruction was the most frequently reported symptom (51,8% of subjects).Conclusions:Nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis can mimic several disorders of the upper airway respiratory tract and it must therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis. A biopsy of nonspecific lesions in the nasopharynx is advisable to permit several early diagnosis of upper airway respiratory tract disorders including sarcoidosis.     

Paragangliomas of the cauda equina. Report of one case and review of the literature

The authors report one case of cauda equina paraganglioma and review the neurosurgical, radiological and pathological literatureon this rare tumour. Although it is difficult to distinguish preoperatively the paraganglioma from other tumours of the cauda equina, like neurinoma or ependymoma, this neuroendocrine tumour should be included in differential diagnosis.     

免疫治疗相关心脏不良事件实体瘤2例及文献复习

恶性肿瘤严重威胁着人类的生命与健康,发病率逐年增高,也是目前引起死亡的最主要原因之一 [1].恶性实体瘤的治疗选择有限,预后欠佳.随着免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)在多种实体瘤中表现出优越的抗肿瘤活性,这一新兴的治疗方式在世界范围内得到快速推广.然而,ICIs治疗...