结核性脑膜炎的早期诊断标准分析

目的探讨急诊科早期临床诊断结核性脑膜炎的方法。方法对北京协和医院1995年至2004年10年间出院诊断为结核性脑膜炎的患者进行回顾性分析。对患者有无结核病史、有无合并其他部位结核感染、脑脊液结果及细菌培养等结果进行分析。结果68例患者中有16例既往有结核病史（24％）,有20例结核性脑膜炎发病的同时患有肺结核（30％）、9例患者同时有肺结核以外的颅外结核（13％）。全部患者均进行了结核杆菌培养,其中12例为阳性结果（20％）。阳性率较高的7项临床指标依次是神志改变（100％）,发病时间〉5d（99％）,脑脊液以淋巴细胞为主（80％）,脑脊液糖水平低于血糖水平50％（70％）,CT或MRI异常（70％）,眼底异常（49％）及合并有其他部位结核（43％）。结论通过68例病例分析可见,结核性脑膜炎常合并其他部位结核感染。脑脊液及血等标本中结核菌培养阳性率低,不宜作为早期诊治的主要依据。建议临床工作中当出现上述7条指标中94条时应高度怀疑结核性脑膜炎。     

结核性脑膜炎早期诊断标准探讨

目的分析结核性脑膜炎的临床表现以探讨早期诊断方法。方法对我院1995-2005年出院诊断为结核性脑膜炎的患者作了回顾性分析。对患者有无结核史、结核抗体是否阳性、有无合并其他部位结核、脑脊液检查及细菌培养结果进行分析。结果48例患者中,11例既往有结核史（22．9％）,同时合并肺结核者14例（29％）,5例有肺外、颅外结核（10．4％）,结核抗体阳性者10例（20．8％）,脑脊液中,PCR法查细菌DNA阳性9例（18．7％）,脑脊液细菌培养21例,其中阳性5例（23．8％）。在诊断为结核性脑膜炎的患者中,阳性率较高的6项指标依次为发病时间〉5d（99％）,脑脊液以淋巴细胞为主（79％）,神志改变（75％）,脑脊液蛋白〉0．9g/L（75％）,脑脊液糖低于血糖水平50％（71％）,合并其他部位结核（39．5％）。结论结核性脑膜炎早期诊断难度大,脑脊液结核菌培养阳性率低,不宜作为早期诊断依据。临床工作中,有上述6项指标中的4项时要高度怀疑结核性脑膜炎。     

结核性脑膜炎96例临床分析

目的 分析结核性脑膜炎的临床表现、诊断和治疗特点,以提高对该病的诊治水平.方法 对2006年6月至2010年10月我院收治的96例结核性脑膜炎患者的临床资料、实验室检查结果、诊断及预后情况进行总结分析.结果 本组96例结核性脑膜炎多呈慢性或亚急性起病,临床表现以发热、头痛、呕吐为主,脑脊液改变以压力、白细胞、蛋白升高、葡萄糖、氯化物降低为主.87.5％合并颅外结核.头颅CT或MRI检查异常51例,表现为脑积水、结核瘤、脑室扩张、多发病灶等.经正规抗结核治疗,临床治愈52例,好转25例,14例未见好转,自动出院或转院治疗,5例死亡.结论 患者的临床表现、脑脊液、头颅CT或MRI检查、是否合并颅外结核感染及正规抗结核治疗是否有效,是诊断结核性脑膜炎的重要依据;早期诊断及合理治疗可提高结核性脑膜炎的治愈率.     

结核性脑膜炎87例临床分析

目的探讨结核性脑膜炎（结脑）的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析87例结脑患者的临床资料。结果本组合并肺结核47例，胸膜结核8例，泌尿系结核4例，淋巴结核2例。并发脑积水21例，脑梗死22例；脑脊液多次检查均符合结脑改变，脑脊液PCR—TB—DNA检查67例，有47例（71．1％）扩增到结核DNA片段，20例阴性，87例脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶检查有81例（93．1％）高于9u／L；头颅CT增强扫描阳性率100％。87例结脑患者经抗结核及使用肾上腺皮质激素治疗后均治愈。结论结脑临床表现缺乏特异性，脑脊液改变不典型；脑脊液中PCR—TB—DNA对结脑的诊断可作为一个重要的辅助检查，且腺苷酸脱氨酶是一个敏感及特异性强的指标；影像学检查对诊断该病有重要意义。规范应用抗结核药物及使用肾上腺皮质激素配合鞘内注射效果佳。     

儿童结核性脑膜炎193例临床分析

目的探讨儿童结核性脑膜炎的临床特点。方法分析193例儿童结核性脑膜炎的临床资料并进行综合分析。结果儿童结脑临床表现呈多样化,合并脑外结核117例（60．6％）,治疗后好转或治愈161例（83．4％）,后遗症32例（16．5％）,未愈及抱走25例（12．9％）,死亡7例（3．6％）。结论仔细询问病史和流行病学资料,结合脑脊液、头颅CT／MR检查是早期诊断的关键;规则的抗结核治疗并联用激素、鞘内注药可以提高治愈率。     

64例不典型结核性脑膜炎临床诊断和治疗分析

目的探讨不典型结核性脑膜炎（结脑）的临床分类、诊断和治疗方法.方法回顾性总结分析68例不典型结脑临床特点、诊断依据,采用3HS（E）RZ/9HRZ化疗方案,并用地塞米松、降颅压治疗.结果68例不典型结脑分为脑脊液改变不典型、脑脊液和临床表现均不典型两类;治疗结果67例存活,死亡1例,无明显后遗症.随访2年以上者64例.结论不典型结脑诊断参考：（1）活动性肺结核表现;（2）不典型脑脊液改变或/和不典型结脑临床表现;（3）抗结核试验治疗有效;（4）除外非结脑疾病;（5）脑脊液PPD抗体阳性、腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）增高;（6）CT或MR符合结脑影像;（7）病理显示结核样改变或脑脊液检出抗酸杆菌;具备1～6项中3项或第7项可诊断.采用HS（E）RZ四联12个月化疗,安全、有效.     

联合检测脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶和结核杆菌DNA对结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨联合检测脑脊液（CSF）腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）和荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测结核杆菌DNA（TB-DNA）对结核性脑膜炎的早期诊断价值.方法 选择确诊的结核性脑膜炎患者（发病10天以内,未进行抗结核治疗）51例,非结核性脑膜炎患者51例,留取患者脑脊液4ml进行ADA、TB-DNA检测.结果 患者脑脊液中ADA水平[（24.88±10.97） U/L]显著高于非结核性脑膜炎组[（11.14±4.02）U/L] （P ＜0.05）,两组患者脑脊液中TB-DNA水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;联合检测脑脊液中ADA、TB-DNA水平诊断结核性脑膜炎的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为92.19％、80.39％和86.27％.结论 联合检测脑脊液中ADA、TB-DNA可以作为临床上早期诊断结核性脑膜炎的有效指标之一.     

125例老年性结核性脑膜炎诊断及治疗分析

目的总结老年性结核性脑膜炎(结脑)的诊断方法。方法结合临床表现、脑脊液、影像学检查以及免疫学,分析125例老年性结脑临床资料。结果结合临床症状、体征、脑脊液、影像学及免疫学,125例患者临床诊断为结核性脑膜炎,给予诊断性抗结核治疗,大部分病例好转出院。结论老年性结脑发病缓慢,早期临床症状不典型,诊断困难,误诊率及死亡率高。对结脑的患者均应反复行脑脊液及头部核磁共振检查,排除其他颅内感染性病变、脑血管疾病及肿瘤性疾病,尽早做诊断性抗结核治疗。结核性脑膜炎是中枢神经系统的重症结核病。目前,随者人口老龄化,老年结核性脑膜炎患者呈逐年增多趋势,老年患者因其特殊体质关系,导致临床症状不典型、并发症多、误诊率高,治疗困难。使其病死率及后遗症发生率高。     

31例非典型结核性脑膜炎临床疗效观察

目的总结非典型结核性脑膜炎（结脑）的诊断方法,提高临床认识,避免误诊,及早治疗。方法结合临床表现、脑脊液、影像学检查以及免疫学,回顾性分析31例非典型结脑临床资料。结果 31例患者经临床表现、脑脊液、影像学及免疫学,临床诊断结脑,给予诊断性抗结核治疗,30例恢复正常好转出院,1例自动出院。结论对非典型结脑的患者应反复行脑脊液及头部核磁共振检查。排除其他颅内感染性病变,尽早做诊断性抗结核治疗,避免病情加重减少并发症的发生。     

小儿结核性脑膜炎68例临床分析

目的探讨小儿结核性脑膜炎的临床特点及早期诊断方法。方法回顾性分析2009年10月至2012年10月在我院确诊或临床诊断为结核性脑膜炎的68例住院患儿的临床资料。结果 68例病例中,男36例,女32例,年龄(4±4.35)岁。5例确诊病例,脑脊液结核杆菌培养阳性;63例为临床诊断病例。临床主要表现为:发热64例(94%);头痛和/或呕吐38例(56%);抽搐26例(38%);意识障碍33例(48%);脑膜刺激征阳性38例(56%);偏瘫27例(40%);25例伴颅神经损害,以动眼神经和外展神经受损为主。合并脑外结核47例(69%)。未接种卡介苗18例(27%),有明确肺结核接触史28例(42%)。脑脊液异常62例(92%),呈非化脓性改变,白细胞增高以淋巴细胞为主,蛋白质升高,糖、氯化物降低。头颅影像学有异常发现62例(92%),脑室扩张、交通性(梗阻性)脑积水和脑梗死最常见。全部病例均接受抗结核治疗,12例行侧脑室外引流术,其中11例转神经外科行脑室-腹腔分流术。好转或治愈62例(92%),后遗症28例(42%),自动出院2例(4%),死亡2例(4%)。结论该病临床表现复杂多样,早期症状和体征均缺乏特异性,仔细询问病史和结核接触史,结合脑脊液、头颅影像学、结核菌素试验是早期诊断的关键。     

Diagnostic utility of cerebrospinal fluid studies in patients with clinically suspected tuberculous meningitis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare yields of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies in the diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis (TBM). DESIGN: Prospective laboratory study, Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. STUDY POPULATION: Consecutive patients with 1) headache, neck stiffness and altered consciousness for more than 14 days, 2) above features plus evidence of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body, and 3) on standard antimeningitic drugs for one week without response, were included. Those with contraindications to lumbar puncture, confirmed causes of meningitis (except TB) and on anti-tuberculosis treatment were excluded. METHODS: CSF cell counts, glucose and protein were assayed. CSF was stained on ZN, cultured on LJ and BACTEC and subjected to PCR and LCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA sequences. Positive tests for M. tuberculosis were classified as definite and the rest as probable TBM. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients with a mean age of 33.0 years were recruited. Mean CSF cell count was 71/microl and CSF lymphocyte count up 67%. Mean CFS protein and glucose were 2.10 g/l and 2.05 mmol/l, respectively. BACTEC was positive in 20 cases, LJ 12, LCR eight, and PCR and ZN one each. Twenty-six patients had definite and 32 probable TBM. Patients with definite TBM had significantly higher CSF protein, lower CSF glucose, higher CSF cell count and lower CSF lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: TBM can be confirmed in half of clinically suspected cases. More sensitive tests for confirmation of TBM are required.     

Evaluating 82 cases of tuberculous meningitis

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is not the most common but the most serious clinical form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Serious complications resulting from difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of the disease makes it an important health problem. In our study, 82 patients with TBM, followed up in our clinic between January 1998-December 2002, are evaluated with their clinical and laboratory properties. 52% of our patients were females, 48% were males and their ages ranged from 15 to 70 with a mean of 32 years. The diagnosis was based on patients' history, clinical and laboratory properties, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and radiographic findings. 59% of our patients were grade II clinically, 29% were grade I, and 23% were grade III. Mostly observed complaints were headache (87%) and nausea-vomiting (63%) and fever (45%) and mostly seen physical findings were stiff neck (70%), alterations in consciousness (57%). Pleocytosis in CSF was detected in 94%, low CSF glucose level in 87%, and elevated CSF protein level in 82% of the patients. From CSF samples of 40 patients, out of total 82, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated on Loewenstein-Jensen medium (49%). Nineteen patients had tuberculomas, 13 had basal meningitis, and 11 had hydrocephalus on cranial radiographic studies. 28% had miliary pattern and 26% had active infiltration and cavities on chest roentgenogram. A four-drug antituberculous regimen was administered for 88% of the patients and dexamethasone treatment was administered for 75%; 56 (68.3%) patients recovered from the illness, 14 (17%) patients had slight and 4 (4.9%) patients had serious neurological sequeales and 8 (9.8%) patients died in spite of tuberculous therapy. As a conclusion, TBM is an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Various prognosis patterns may be observed according to the clinical grade of the patient on application. When suspected, an early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease are the most important factors which effect complication and mortality rates.     

TB PCR in the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: evaluation of the Roche semi-automated COBAS Amplicor MTB test with reference to the manual Amplicor MTB PCR test. .

SETTING: Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, Mdantsane, Eastern Cape, Republic of South Africa. OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of the semi-automated Roche COBAS AMPLICOR(TM)Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR test in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). DESIGN: Eighty-three specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected prospectively from 69 patients with suspected TBM. The COBAS AMPLICOR TB PCR test was compared with the manual AMPLICOR(TM)TB PCR test, clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, direct ZN smear and radiometric TB culture. RESULTS: CSF from 7/40 (17.5%) patients treated for TBM were positive by TB COBAS AMPLICOR(TM). The sensitivity of the test was not significantly different (p=0.375) from the manual TB AMPLICOR(TM)PCR test. The comparative sensitivities of the TB COBAS AMPLICOR(TM)PCR and the manual AMPLICOR PCR for detecting cases of definite and probable TBM from CSF collected within 9 days of commencing antituberculosis treatment were 40% and 60% respectively. All 29 patients not treated for TBM were negative by COBAS AMPLICOR(TM), giving a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION: The COBAS AMPLICOR(TM)TB PCR test is a rapid and highly specific diagnostic test for TBM. However, there was a non-significant trend favouring slightly greater sensitivity using the manual AMPLICOR(TM)TB PCR test.     

Analysis of clinical features and influencing factors of prognosis in 222 children with tuberculous meningitis

目的 探讨分析儿童结核性脑膜炎(tuberculous meningitis, TBM)的临床特征及其预后影响因素。方法 参照TBM诊断标准纳入2015年1月至2019年1月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院收治的222例TBM患儿,通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,评估患儿临床各种指标及因素对预后转归(治疗后6个月)的影响。结果 222例患儿中,129例(58.11%)患儿预后良好,93例预后差,其中7例死亡。男童117例(52.70%),中位年龄6岁,其中<5岁者107例(48.20%);108例(48.65%)有与结核病患者的密切接触史;110例(49.55%)确诊时长>21 d;137例(61.71%)患儿存在营养不良;205例(92.34%)结核病灶累及2个及以上部位或脏器,并以并发肺结核最常见[200例(90.09%)];病情分期(按照GCS评分)为Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期的患儿有144例(64.87%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,脑脊液葡萄糖及氯化物含量高是患者预后良好的保护因素[OR(95%CI)=0.444(0.257~0.769);OR(95%CI)=0.914(0.854~0.980)],两者含量越高预后不良的发生率越低;而意识改变、性格改变、脑积液和梗阻性脑积液的高发生率则是患者发生不良预后的危险因素[OR(95%CI)=6.969(2.283~21.277);OR(95%CI)=2.531(1.105~5.796);OR(95%CI)=3.429(1.546~7.604);OR(95%CI)=10.233(1.059~98.886)]。结论 TBM患儿预后差的发生率和死亡率均较高,积极寻找结核病密切接触史和其他脏器结核感染证据有助于TBM的早期诊断,改善患儿营养不良、降低脑积液的发生率则有助于改善TBM患儿的预后转归。     

Detection of antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein antigens in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis

Antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from 442 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and 102 control patients. Antibodies were found in the CSF of 87% of patients with clinical (culture-negative) TBM, 72% of patients with culture-positive TBM, and 65% of patients with autopsy-proven TBM. That anti-M. tuberculosis antibodies were detected in the CSF of patients with clinically diagnosed cases more frequently than in patients with culture-positive cases suggests that the detection of antibodies in CSF tends to decrease as bacillary load increases. Of the patients with clinical TBM who were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 70% exhibited anti-M. tuberculosis antibody in CSF, which suggests that antibody responses in this group were substantially weaker than those in HIV-negative patients with clinical TBM. Some groups showed a stronger response to certain antigens, which suggests that antigen recognition patterns may be specific for the stage of disease.     

Tuberculous radiculomyelitis: review and presentation of five patients.

BACKGROUND: The southeast region of Iran is an endemic area for tuberculosis. Tuberculous radiculomyelitis (TBRM) was considered a rare form of parenchymal neurotuberculosis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical, laboratory and electrophysiological data of patients with TBRM. We report five patients and review the literature. METHOD: We searched Medline since 1966 and reviewed all cases of TBRM, excluding those with Pott's disease. We then evaluated the clinical and electrophysiological data of our patients. RESULTS: Five patients (two men), with a mean age of 25 years, were assessed. The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 4.5 weeks. Three patients had clinical manifestation of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Diagnosis was based on sputum smear and culture, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene amplification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Paraparesis or paraplegia, sphincter incontinence and Babinski sign were the main clinical features. CSF analysis was compatible with chronic meningitis. Electromyography showed radiculopathy in all patients and peripheral nerve disease secondary to axonal damage in only three, while myelography showed adhesive arachnoiditis in three. CONCLUSION: Despite the rarity of TBRM, clinical features were well described. To prevent neurological sequelae, early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory. Electrophysiological study may predict the prognosis.     

222例儿童结核性脑膜炎的临床特征及其预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨分析儿童结核性脑膜炎(tuberculous meningitis, TBM)的临床特征及其预后影响因素。方法 参照TBM诊断标准纳入2015年1月至2019年1月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院收治的222例TBM患儿,通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,评估患儿临床各种指标及因素对预后转归(治疗后6个月)的影响。结果 222例患儿中,129例(58.11%)患儿预后良好,93例预后差,其中7例死亡。男童117例(52.70%),中位年龄6岁,其中<5岁者107例(48.20%);108例(48.65%)有与结核病患者的密切接触史;110例(49.55%)确诊时长>21 d;137例(61.71%)患儿存在营养不良;205例(92.34%)结核病灶累及2个及以上部位或脏器,并以并发肺结核最常见[200例(90.09%)];病情分期(按照GCS评分)为Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期的患儿有144例(64.87%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,脑脊液葡萄糖及氯化物含量高是患者预后良好的保护因素[OR(95%CI)=0.444(0.257~0.769);OR(95%CI)=0.914(0.854~0.980)],两者含量越高预后不良的发生率越低;而意识改变、性格改变、脑积液和梗阻性脑积液的高发生率则是患者发生不良预后的危险因素[OR(95%CI)=6.969(2.283~21.277);OR(95%CI)=2.531(1.105~5.796);OR(95%CI)=3.429(1.546~7.604);OR(95%CI)=10.233(1.059~98.886)]。结论 TBM患儿预后差的发生率和死亡率均较高,积极寻找结核病密切接触史和其他脏器结核感染证据有助于TBM的早期诊断,改善患儿营养不良、降低脑积液的发生率则有助于改善TBM患儿的预后转归。     

Correlation between culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and IgG antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-5 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis

A retrospective study was made of the correlation between culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and detection of IgG antibody to M. tuberculosis antigen-5 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by means of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the CSF in 14 of 70 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). IgG antibody to M. tuberculosis antigen-5 was demonstrated in significant titres (80-640) in all 14 culture-positive patients. Thus, positive correlation was observed between culture of M. tuberculosis and detection of IgG antibody in the CSF. As a result of this observation, the CSF from 56 culture-negative patients with a clinical diagnosis TBM was specifically investigated for the detection of IgG antibody to M. tuberculosis antigen-5 and the findings were correlated with those of culture-positive patients. The assay was positive in 34 of 56 patients, the antibody titre ranging between 80 and 640. In the CSF of 70 patients with non-tuberculous neurological diseases, the assay was negative at a dilution of 1 in 80. Thus, detection of IgG antibody to M. tuberculosis antigen-5 by indirect ELISA carried 100% specificity and 60.7% sensitivity for a tuberculous aetiology in culture-negative patients with TBM. The results of this study suggest that indirect ELISA for IgG antibody to M. tuberculosis antigen-5 in CSF holds definite promise in diagnosis of TBM, particularly when repeated cultures of CSF are negative for M. tuberculosis.     

Rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis by enumeration of cerebrospinal fluid antigen-specific T-cells.

SETTING: Hospital in-patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis (TBM), predominantly in India. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific T-cells are present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with TBM and to evaluate the feasibility of CSF enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) for the diagnosis of active TBM. DESIGN: Prospective blinded hospital-based study. RESULTS: The overnight ELISpot assay detected M. tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-gamma secreting T-cells in CSF from nine of 10 prospectively recruited patients with TBM, and zero of seven control patients with meningitis of other aetiology. This corresponds to a diagnostic sensitivity of 90% (95%CI 56-100) and specificity of 100% (95%CI 59-100). CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrates proof-of-principle for a new T-cell-based diagnostic test for TBM which is rapid, sensitive and specific.     

结核性脑膜炎评分系统对儿童结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值

目的 评价结核性脑膜炎(TBM)评分系统对儿童TBM与病毒性脑炎进行鉴别的价值。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月1日至2017年12月31日天津市儿童医院呼吸科收住院的确诊及临床诊断TBM的患儿102例(TBM组),以及同期病毒性脑炎患儿125例(病毒性脑炎组)。TBM评分系统采用包括临床表现、脑脊液检测结果、影像学表现、肺结核或肺外结核的其他表现进行综合评分来诊断TBM(分值越高,越支持TBM诊断;评分≥12分可以临床诊断TBM)。采用病例对照研究的方法,比较该评分系统诊断TBM的敏感度及特异度;同时比较该评分系统与结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)、γ干扰素释放试验(IGRA)及脑脊液病原学检测敏感度的差异。结果 TBM组患儿中,16例(15.69%,16/102)脑脊液病原学检测阳性,确诊为TBM患儿;其余86例(84.31%,86/102)TBM患儿经评分系统评估,分值为(13.25±2.22)分,明显高于病毒性脑炎组患儿的评分[(3.79±2.48)分],差异有统计学意义(t=29.97,P<0.001)。86例患儿中,76例患儿TBM评分≥12分,判断为临床诊断TBM患儿;TBM诊断的敏感度为90.20%(92/102),特异度为100.00%(102/102)。脑脊液病原学检查中,抗酸杆菌染色的敏感度为15.69%(16/102),结核分枝杆菌培养的敏感度为10.78%(11/102),DNA检测的敏感度为16.47%(14/85),均明显低于TBM评分系统(χ ²值分别为113.65、128.66、100.64,P值均<0.001)。免疫学检查方法中,TST的敏感度为50.00%(51/102),特异度为99.20%(124/125);IGRA的敏感度为72.55%(74/102),特异度为99.20%(124/125);敏感度均明显低于TBM评分系统(χ ²值分别为39.31、10.48,P值均<0.001)。 结论 TBM评分系统对TBM诊断价值较好,其敏感度明显高于脑脊液抗酸染色、脑脊液结核分枝杆菌培养、脑脊液DNA检测、TST及IGRA等检测方法。