经导管消融治疗发生于肥厚梗阻性心肌病患者的阵发性心房颤动

目的报道经导管消融治疗发生于肥厚梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者的阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的初步结果。方法6例HOCM患者,均伴有发作频繁、症状明显并且抗心律失常药物治疗无效的阵发性房颤,其中男性4例,女性2例,年龄43~66(53·8±8·8)岁。在三维电解剖标测和同侧肺静脉环状标测联合指导下行环绕两侧肺静脉的线性消融。消融终点为双侧肺静脉的电学隔离。结果6例患者术中均达到消融终点。1例于术后第2个月时因复发房性心动过速(房速)而接受了第2次环肺静脉线性消融治疗。随访4~14(9·2±3·4)个月后,6例患者均未再发作房颤,其中4例未服用任何抗心律失常药物,2例需口服胺碘酮治疗。无任何操作相关并发症。结论对于发生于HOCM患者的阵发性房颤,如果抗心律失常药物治疗无效,三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉线性消融术是一项可供选择的治疗措施。     

三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉左房线性消融治疗心房颤动的护理

目的：探讨在EnsiteNavX三维标测系统指导下进行环肺静脉隔离左房线性消融治疗心房颤动（房颤）的护理。方法：对17例房颤患者行环肺静脉隔离左房线性消融术进行观察和护理。术前做好心理护理,常规术前准备。术后密切观察患者生命体征,加强并发症的观察和护理。结果：随访3～26个月,14例（82．4％）无房颤发作;3例（17．6％）有房颤复发,但发作次数及时间均较术前明显减少,用胺碘酮治疗可控制（术前胺碘酮治疗无效）。无血栓及肺静脉狭窄等并发症的发生。结论：三维标测系统下肺静脉隔离治疗房颤安全有效。高质量的护理是三维标侧系统下肺静脉隔离治疗心房颤动的重要保证。     

三维标测指导心房颤动环肺静脉线性消融130例分析

目的:探讨三维标测系统指导下行心房颤动(房颤)环肺静脉线性消融的临床效果。方法:2006年6月至2009年8月对新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的130例房颤患者进行三维标测系统(CARTO系统)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融,消融的主要终点为肺静脉电学隔离。随访3个月症状性快速性房性心律失常消失视为成功。结果:129例(99.2%)实现肺静脉电隔离,阵发性房颤消融成功率为84.5%,持续性、永久性单次房颤消融成功率71.1%。严重并发症包括心脏压塞1例,心包穿刺引流后痊愈;肺栓塞1例,治疗后康复;无死亡病例。结论:三维标测指导下心房颤动环肺静脉线性消融是安全、有效的。     

经导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动的疗效和安全性

目的 探讨经导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)的有效性与安全性.方法 42例阵发性房颤患者采用节段性消融肺静脉电隔离术或三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离术两种不同方法进行经导管射频消融治疗,术后进行随访,观察其疗效和安全性.结果 42例患者中,25例(59.52%)经导管消融成功.4例(9.52%)有效,13例(30.95%)无效,4例(9.52%)出现并发症,无死亡病例.节段性消融肺静脉电隔离术平均手术时间为(235.50±38.01)min,X曝光时间为(74.35±12.73)min;三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离平均手术时间为(163.18±24.76)min,X曝光时间为(36.90±8.06)min.结论 经导管射频消融治疗阵发性房颤对大部分患者是有效的,三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离术的手术时间和X曝光时间短于节段性消融肺静脉电隔离术.     

经导管消融治疗甲状腺机能亢进患者心房颤动

目的探讨经导管消融治疗并发于原发性甲状腺机能亢进(简称甲亢)的心房颤动(简称房颤)的效果。方法18例甲亢并发房颤患者,均经抗甲亢治疗控制甲状腺激素水平在正常范围内3个月以上,仍伴有发作频繁、症状严重,经抗心律失常药物治疗无效的阵发性或持续性房颤。在三维电解剖标测系统和肺静脉环状标测联合指导下行环绕两侧肺静脉的线性消融。消融终点为双侧肺静脉的电学隔离。结果18例患者术中均达到消融终点。随访12.6±6.8(4~27)个月,13例(72%)患者在不服用任何抗心律失常药物前提下无房颤发作,5例(28%)房颤复发。无任何操作相关并发症。结论对于发生于甲亢患者的房颤,三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉线性消融术是一项可供选择的治疗措施。     

双Lasso导管和三维标测指导下环肺静脉线性隔离术治疗心房颤动

目的在双Lasso导管和三维标测指导下环肺静脉线性消融并彻底隔离肺静脉以治疗心房颤动(简称房颤)。方法28例房颤患者接受射频消融治疗,其中阵发性房颤12例,持续性房颤16例。所有患者首先利用三维电解剖标测系统(CARTO)进行左房重建,然后将两根Lasso导管同时置入右(左)上下肺静脉内,在肺静脉口外0.5~1cm左右行环肺静脉线性消融,消融终点为左房-肺静脉完全性传导阻滞。结果28例均电隔离成功,肺静脉完成隔离后,共86.6%(97/112)的肺静脉内可见缓慢自律性电活动。手术时间205±67min,X线透视时间27±16min,无并发症发生。术后随访8.5±3.7个月,23例无房颤复发,总成功率82.1%。结论双Lasso导管和三维标测指导下有明确电学隔离指标的环肺静脉线性消融术治疗房颤安全而有效。     

心房颤动导管消融治疗的策略

心房颤动(房颤)的导管消融治疗是近年心律失常治疗领域的研究焦点.虽然肺静脉电隔离术已经成为近年房颤导管消融治疗最常用的策略,但其它新的消融策略仍不断在涌现,主要包括:肺静脉电隔离+左心房峡部消融、肺静脉电隔离+右心房峡部消融、三维标测系统指导下的左心房基质改良术、以肺静脉电隔离为终点的环肺静脉线性消融术、局灶性消融及心房的去迷走神经治疗(vagal denervation)等多种.因此,临床心电生理医师面对如此众多的房颤导管消融策略如何进行选择已经成为一个迫切的问题.本文简要综述以上各种房颤导管消融策略的临床研究结果,并提出现阶段房颤导管消融策略选择的初步建议.     

环状电极在Ensite/NavX指导下的心房颤动环肺静脉消融术中的应用

目的评价环肺静脉消融术联合应用环状电极标测对心房颤动(房颤)消融成功率的影响。方法连续入选61例房颤患者,其中男40例,女21例,阵发性房颤50例,慢性房颤11例。在EnsiteNavX三维电解剖标测系统指导下行环肺静脉消融术。应用环状电极标测肺静脉电位,以肺静脉电隔离为消融终点。结果61例均顺利完成手术。环左肺静脉消融使左肺静脉电隔离34例(55.7%),环右肺静脉消融使右肺静脉电隔离35例(57.4%),环左、右肺静脉消融使所有肺静脉电隔离23例(37.7%)。16例阵发性房颤和5例慢性房颤放电时终止房颤,终止房颤部位为左、右上肺静脉外近房顶前、后壁19例,右上肺静脉外后壁中部1例,完成左肺静脉消融时房颤终止1例。平均随访6±2个月,50例阵发性房颤中42例(84.0%)以及11例慢性房颤中5例(45.4%)无房颤发作,总成功率为77%。并发症:少量心包积液1例,经心包穿刺引流后积液消失;左侧血胸1例,经胸腔穿刺引流痊愈。结论EnsiteNavX系统指导下的环肺静脉消融术中联合应用环状电极标测可使房颤消融成功率进一步提高。     

环肺静脉线性消融电学隔离肺静脉治疗100例心房颤动临床评价

目的探讨三维标测系统和单环状标测电极指导下行环肺静脉线性消融电学隔离肺静脉治疗心房颤动(房颤)的可行性和有效性。方法自2004年4月至2005年1月共对连续100例症状明显、发作频繁、抗心律失常药物治疗无效的房颤患者进行了在CARTO系统(76例)或EnSite-NavX系统(24例)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融术,消融终点为双侧肺静脉的彻底电学隔离。结果100例患者共完成200个环形消融环,肺静脉电学隔离率为95.0%。操作时间150～365(240±65)min,X线时间为23～61(37±12)min。其中8例(8.0%)复发患者接受了再次导管消融。随访5.5～12(10.2±5.7)个月,累计无房性快速心律失常率为85.0%。术后1、2、3、4、5、6个月时无房性快速心律失常率分别为66.0%、82.0%、87.0%、85.0%、85.0%、88.6%。并发症包括1例心脏压塞,经保守治疗后康复,1例患者出现无症状性肺静脉狭窄。结论在三维标测系统指导下,环肺静脉线性消融电学隔离肺静脉治疗房颤安全有效。     

起源于肺静脉的阵发性心房颤动导管射频消融治疗

目的　探讨环状电极 (Lasso电极 )标测指导起源于肺静脉的阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )导管射频消融治疗的安全性和有效性。方法与结果　 2 0 0 1年 5～ 12月 ,12例药物治疗无效的阵发性房颤患者 ,男 8例 ,女 4例 ,平均年龄 (47 8± 14 9)岁 ,行心内电生理检查和射频消融术。在Lasso电极指导下标测肺静脉 ,以确定诱发房颤的房性早搏起源处。确定房性早搏的消融靶点后 ,在有房性早搏或冠状窦远端起搏或右心耳起搏下寻找优势肺静脉电位 (PVP)放电消融 ,或肺静脉口环状消融。消融终点设定为 :①肺静脉电位振幅明显减低或消失 ;②肺静脉自律性电位与心房电活动无关 ;③诱发房颤的房早消失。结果成功隔离 2 6条肺静脉 ;其中左上肺静脉 12条 ,右上肺静脉 8条 ,左下肺静脉 5条 ,右下肺静脉1条。有 2例仅消融 1条肺静脉 ,均为左上肺静脉 ;8例消融2条肺静脉 ,消融 3条与 4条肺静脉者各 1例。术程 (196 4±6 5 8)min ,X线曝光时间 (5 2 0± 14 4 )min。术后随访 2～ 8个月 ,有 1例频发房早发生 ,经口服胺碘酮后房早消失 ;4例有房颤短阵发作 ,其中 3例接受口服药物 (2例服用胺碘酮 ,1例服用索他洛尔 ) ,1例植入有抗房颤程序的DDDR起搏器 ,能够有效抑制房颤发作。术中选择性肺静脉造影发现 6例有轻度肺静脉狭窄 ,其     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.