异体腓骨移植在脊髓型颈椎病治疗中的应用

目的　探讨冻干异体腓骨移植替代髂骨进行颈椎前路减压融合治疗颈椎病的可行性。方法　回顾性分析了 38例采用经颈椎前路减压冻干异体腓骨移植融合结合前路钛钢板固定治疗颈椎病的临床效果。平均随访 (9 5± 3 4 )个月 ,按JOA评分及Nurick分级评定手术效果 ,颈椎正、侧位及屈、伸侧位X线检查判定融合效果。　结果　JOA评分从术前的 (12 5 4± 1 6 2 )分提高到 (16 0 7±1 13)分 (P <0 0 5 ) ;Nurick分级从术前的 (2 4 6± 0 4 3)级提高到术后的 (0 72± 0 37)级 (P <0 0 5 )。经X线检查证实椎间隙高度得到恢复、颈椎生理前凸部分恢复、植骨块无移位、脱落、塌陷 ,钛钢板及螺丝钉无移位及松脱。 5个月后植骨全部融合。　结论　在颈椎病前路手术中冻干异体腓骨移植融合结合前路钛钢板固定术可替代自体骨移植融合术。此手术方法短期效果可靠 ,减少了取髂骨的并发症 ,椎间隙及颈椎的生理前凸可以得到恢复     

钛网异体松质骨植骨结合钛钢板内固定治疗颈椎病

目的　观察钛网容纳异体松质骨植骨结合钛钢板内固定治疗颈椎病的临床效果和放射学结果。方法　自 2 0 0 1年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 9月采用钛网容纳异体松质骨结合钛钢板固定治疗颈椎病 ,共 98例 ,其中随访 6 4例 ,平均随访时间 (15 2± 1 7)个月。按JOA评分及Nurick分级评定手术效果 ,依据X线片判断椎间稳定性和融合情况。结果　所有病例均在术后 4 8h内拔出引流条 ,无一例出现伤口或深部感染 ,伤口均一期愈合。术后JOA评分从术前的 (11 6± 1 8)分提高到 (16 0± 1 2 )分 (P<0 0 5 ) ;Nurick分级从术前的 (2 7± 0 7)级改善到术后的 (0 7± 0 8)级 (P <0 0 5 )。X线检查证实钛网无移位、脱落、下沉 ,钛钢板及螺丝钉无移位及松脱。术后 5个月 ,钛网后方开始出现新骨 ,最后随访融合率为 95 %。结论　采用钛网容纳异体松质骨同时结合前路钛钢板固定治疗颈椎病 ,短期随访观察证实能够重建颈椎稳定性     

自体椎体骨钛网支架融合器在颈椎病治疗中的应用

目的　探讨前路钛网支架自体椎体骨移植替代髂骨进行颈椎前路减压融合治疗脊髓型颈椎病的可行性。方法　采用颈椎前路开槽减压钛网支架自体椎体骨颗粒嵌压植骨结合前路钛钢板固定治疗颈椎病 2 8例。分型 :脊髓型 1 8例 ,神经根型 5例 ,混合型 5例。累及二个椎间隙 2 3例 ,三个椎间隙 5例。在前路减压完成后 ,选择合适长度和直径的钛网支架植入 ,其中加压填充术中所取椎体骨颗粒 ;前路钛钢板固定以获得早期稳定。按JOA评分评定手术效果 ,颈椎正侧位及屈伸位X线检查判定融合效果。结果　JOA评分从术前 (1 2 6 2± 1 5 4 )提高到术后 (1 5 1 2± 1 2 5 )分 ,无一例患者症状加重 ;按照Odom标准评定 ,优良率达 89%。经X线片检查证实椎体间隙高度得到恢复 ,植入物无移位脱落、钛钢板及螺钉无移位及松动 ,植骨融合良好。 1例钢板位置不正 ,1例 2枚螺丝钉进入椎间隙 ,未引起不良并发症。结论　脊髓型颈椎病前路手术中采用钛网包容的自体椎体骨颗粒行植骨融合结合前路钛钢板固定术可替代自体髂骨融合术 ,治疗效果近期是肯定的。可以缩短手术时间 ,避免取髂骨的并发症     

前路钢板固定结合钛网自体骨加异体骨移植治疗颈椎骨折

目的观察钛网容纳自体骨加异体松质骨结合钛钢板内固定治疗颈椎骨折的临床效果。方法采用钛网容纳自体骨加异体松质骨,结合钢板内固定治疗颈椎骨折42例。结果随访4～28个月,平均随访17个月,按JOA评分标准进行术前术后神经功能评定;根据手术前后颈椎X线片判断颈椎生理曲度的恢复,钛网有无下沉、移位及骨融合情况。围手术期无明显并发症,脊髓功能有不同程度改善,颈椎生理曲度部分或全部恢复,钛网无下沉、移位,钢板及螺钉无松动,术后3.5个月开始出现融合迹象,术后1年骨融合良好。结论颈椎骨折采用前路颈椎钢板固定技术结合钛网自体骨加异体松质骨移植治疗,颈椎生理曲度得到恢复,术后颈椎即时稳定性好,通过自体椎体开槽减压取骨加异体骨植骨,避免了髂骨取骨所带来的损伤及手术时间的延长,骨融合率高,患者康复快。     

卷式钛网融合器在颈椎爆裂骨折前路手术中的应用

目的 探讨卷式钛网融合器在颈椎爆裂骨折前路手术中的应用。方法 对12例颈椎爆裂骨折患者行前路减压卷式钛网融合器植入 前路钛钢板内固定术，根据Frankel神经功能分级，评定手术前后功能改变情况。结果 随访6～12个月，术后神经功能平均改善率为90％，无一例发生钛网滑移松动，植骨融合良好。结论 卷式钛网融合器应用于颈椎前路手术，具有操作简便、价格低廉、植骨融合率高及可避免取髂骨部位疼痛等优点，值得推广应用。     

钛网并前路钢板在颈前路手术中的应用

目的探讨钛质外科网及带锁钢板在颈椎病损手术治疗中的应用价值。方法对48例颈前路减压术临床资料进行回顾性研究,按JOA评分评定手术效果,颈椎正侧位及屈伸位X线检查判断融合效果。结果JOA评分从术前11.08分±1.68分提高到术后13.56分±1.65分,无一例患者症状加重;按照上海长征医院CSM标准评定,优良率达87.5%。椎体间隙高度得以恢复,植入物无移位脱落,钛钢板及螺钉无移位及松动,植骨融合良好。结论钛质外科网包容自体椎体骨颗粒行植骨融合结合前路钢板固定术可代替自体髂骨融合术,治疗效果肯定,可缩短手术时间,避免取髂骨所致并发症。     

颈前路钛网和钢板联合Cage治疗非连续性多节段颈椎病

[目的]探讨应用钛网和前路钛钢板联合椎间融合器(Cage)治疗15例非连续节段性颈椎病的疗效.[方法]应用钛网和前路钛钢板联合Cage前路减压和重建,治疗15例非连续节段性颈椎病患者,影像学和临床神经学检查评估治疗效果.[结果]随访时间6个月～3年1个月,用神经功能评价(JOA评分),术前为(6.8±2.4)分,术后为(11.6±1.6)分;15例影像学融合;无内固定松动断裂、椎体间融合器下沉等并发症.[结论]非连续节段性颈椎病,如果交界节段无退变和不稳,保留交界节段分别对受累节段进行减压和固定融合,是有效和安全的治疗方法.     

前路减压联合钛网及自锁定椎间融合器治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：评价前路减压、钛网及自锁定融合器联合重建治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2012年1月～2014年8月我院行前路减压、钛网与自锁定融合器联合重建治疗的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者，共32例。其中男17例，女15例。年龄53～74岁，平均65.7±4.2岁。患者影像学上均表现为连续3个节段及以上的脊髓受压，且保守治疗无效。所有患者均为脊髓型颈椎病患者，其中11例患者合并神经根型颈椎病。采用JOA评分及Odom标准评价神经功能及临床效果。观察并记录手术的并发症、融合率、融合器下沉及手术后颈椎生理曲度的变化。结果：手术均顺利完成，钛网及融合器置入成功。平均手术时间113.0±12.5min；术中平均失血量123.0±9.4ml。平均随访时间23.2±2.3个月（12～41个月）。末次随访时JOA评分及颈椎生理曲度均较术前明显增加，并有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。32例患者均获得融合，平均融合时间6.4±0.7个月。无内固定失败，无浅表及深部感染。术后并发症包括脑脊液漏1例（3.1%），经保守治疗7d后治愈。钛网沉降2例（6.2%），患者无临床症状；自锁定融合器无沉降。无吞咽困难及声音嘶哑。根据Odom标准，术后疗效优11例，良好17例，一般4例。结论：前路减压、钛网及自锁定融合器联合重建治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病，安全有效，能够有效恢复颈椎曲度，减少长钛板相关并发症，并获得满意临床结果。     

卷式钛网融合器在颈椎爆裂骨折前路手术中的应用

目的　探讨卷式钛网融合器在颈椎爆裂骨折前路手术中的应用。方法　对 12例颈椎爆裂骨折患者行前路减压卷式钛网融合器植入 +前路钛钢板内固定术 ,根据Frankel神经功能分级 ,评定手术前后功能改变情况。结果　随访 6～ 12个月 ,术后神经功能平均改善率为 90 % ,无一例发生钛网滑移松动 ,植骨融合良好。结论　卷式钛网融合器应用于颈椎前路手术 ,具有操作简便、价格低廉、植骨融合率高及可避免取髂骨部位疼痛等优点 ,值得推广应用     

颈前路减压术后颈椎重建的研究进展

颈前路减压后重建颈椎生理曲度、椎间高度及稳定性对保证手术疗效、避免手术并发症较为重要.文中综述了颈前路经间隙椎间盘切除减压和椎体次全切减压后的颈椎重建.经间隙减压后颈椎重建有单纯骨块植骨、骨块植骨钛板内固定、椎间融合器植骨、椎间融合器植骨钛板内固定以及颈椎人工椎间盘置换;椎体次全切减压颈椎重建有单纯骨块植骨、骨块植骨钛板内固定、钛网植骨钛板内固定、椎间融合器和钛网植骨钛板内固定.颈椎融合术后部分患者存在椎间高度丢失和植骨不融合是两个主要的问题.人工椎间盘可保留椎节运动,但适应证较窄.颈椎彻底减压后应选择最合适的方式重建颈椎椎间高度和稳定性.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。