尿路感染病原菌及其耐药性分析

目的：了解泌尿系统感染病原菌的分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,为临床合理治疗尿路感染提供依据。方法：对我院2008年1月～2010年9月尿液培养阳性的632株病原菌的鉴定及药敏结果进行分析。结果：632株病原菌中,革兰阴性杆菌394株（62.3%）。革兰阳性球菌158株（25.0%）,真菌80株（12.7%）,超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLS）大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分别达50.1%和49.6%;屎、粪肠球菌对高浓度庆大霉素耐药率分别达78.7%和53.8%;耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRSCN）达76.1%,呈现对抗菌药物的多重耐药。结论：尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌居多,细菌耐药率较高,临床医生应根据培养和药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

我院近3年泌尿系统感染菌群分布与耐药分析

目的 探讨泌尿系统感染的病原菌分布特点及耐药特征,以指导临床合理使用抗菌药.方法 收集2006年1月至2008年12月清洁中段尿培养分离的病原菌并作细菌药敏及其耐药性分析.结果 共收集致病菌196株,其中革兰阴性杆菌131株,占66.84%;革兰阳性菌36株,占18.37%;真菌29株,占14.79 %.革兰阴性杆菌以大肠埃希菌为主(32.14%),革兰阳性菌以粪肠球菌为主(7.14%),真菌以白色念珠菌为主(8.16%).大肠埃希氏菌对庆大霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星、哌拉西林等耐药性高达60 %以上,对多种头孢菌素耐药达50%以上.结论 我院近3年来尿路系统感染的主要致病菌为革兰阴性杆菌,对常用抗菌药物耐药,真菌性尿路感染有上升趋势.抗菌药物治疗应依据细菌学指导选择敏感药物,在未获得明确病原菌前,应根据感染及耐药的流行趋势选择药物.     

尿路感染常见病原菌的分布及其耐药性分析

目的:了解本院尿路感染常见病原菌的分布及耐药情况,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法:对本院2010年1月至2011年12月住院及门诊患者尿培养阳性非重复分离的268株病原菌进行回顾性分析。结果:尿路感染常见病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主有177株(66.0%),其中尤以大肠埃希菌分离率最高有117株占革兰阴性杆菌的66.1%,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLS)的大肠埃希菌有72株占大肠埃希菌的61.5%,产ESBLS大肠埃希菌的耐药率明显高于非产ESBLS株。革兰阳性球菌81株(30.2%),革兰阳性球菌耐药情况也较严重,真菌10株(3.7%)。结论:尿路感染常见病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,临床应重视病原学检查,根据耐药特点合理使用抗菌药物,以得到有效的治疗效果。     

截瘫患者尿路感染病原菌种类及耐药性分析

目的:观察截瘫患者尿路感染病原菌种类及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法:分析147例截瘫伴尿路感染者尿标本分离菌的种类和耐药性,采用TDR-200B型细菌鉴定及药敏分析仪进行病原学检测和药敏试验。结果:共分离出病原菌156株,其中阴性杆菌占78.9%,阳性球菌占16.7%,真菌占4.4%,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别为29.9%、17.6%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)检出率为88.2%。肠杆菌科细菌对美罗培南和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦有较高敏感性;铜绿假单胞菌对美罗培南耐药率为11.1%;革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺100%敏感;真菌对氟康唑产生了耐药。结论:截瘫患者尿路感染的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,且耐药率高,临床应根据尿培养及药敏结果选择抗菌药物。     

糖尿病合并尿路感染315例病原菌及耐药分析

目的 了解糖尿病患者合并尿路感染的常见病原菌分布及其对抗菌药物的耐药情况,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物.方法 回顾性分析医院315例糖尿病患者合并尿路感染的中段尿培养及药敏试验结果.结果 糖尿病患者合并尿路感染最常见的致病菌是革兰阴性菌,其中以大肠埃希菌占首位,对碳青酶烯类抗菌药物耐药率低,对氨苄青霉素、喹诺酮类抗生素耐药率较高;革兰阳性球菌中以肠球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌多见,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺100％敏感,对其他抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药;尿路真菌感染比例较高.结论 糖尿病患者尿路感染病原菌耐药形式严重,二重感染增加,应引起重视,尽量根据细菌药敏试验结果选择抗菌药物.     

尿路感染中常见病原菌及其特殊类型对抗菌药物的耐药情况

目的 了解尿路感染患者尿培养中的常见病原菌及其特殊类型对抗菌药物的耐药情况,为临床医生经验性治疗尿路感染提供参考依据。方法 从浙江省人民医院信息系统数据库中收集2020年1月—2021年12月的尿液培养结果及其耐药情况,最终纳入3 770例尿路感染患者,并对分离出的病原菌与其药敏结果进行统计分析。结果 本研究共计分离非重复菌株4 284株,其中革兰阴性菌2 746株(64.10%),革兰阳性菌875株(20.42%),真菌385株(8.99%),支原体278株(6.49%)。分离菌株前4位分别为:大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌。其中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶类菌以及耐碳青霉烯类菌的耐药率明显高于普通病原菌,前者对β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药率较普通病原菌明显升高,对加酶抑制剂抗生素及碳青霉烯类抗菌药物保持良好的抗菌活性,后者仅对替加环素、阿米卡星少量抗菌药物表现良好的敏感性。结论 尿路感染中最常见的病原菌仍为革兰阴性菌,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶类菌、耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌等耐药菌较前增多,临床上初次使用抗菌药物可参考本研究结果进行经验性治疗,获取尿培养结果后再根据病原菌耐药情况酌...     

泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的：探讨泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性特点,为临床诊断和治疗泌尿系感染疾病提供可靠的依据,指导临床合理用药。方法：对医院2008-01~2009-12期间,住院及门诊泌尿系感染患者尿培养分离出的368株病原菌进行鉴定和耐药分析。结果：在分离的368株病原菌中,革兰阴性菌占68.5%,革兰阳性菌占31.5%;革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌为主,革兰阳性菌以肠球菌属为主;产ESBLs大肠埃希菌检出率为32.0%,革兰阴性菌总的产酶率为24.6%;细菌对各种抗菌药物有不同程度的耐药率,表现为多重耐药。结论：泌尿系感染主要病原菌为肠杆菌科细菌,对喹诺酮药物的耐药率明显较高,临床应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

中段尿细菌鉴定及药敏试验对社区获得性尿路感染患者抗菌药物合理使用的影响

目的探讨中段尿细菌鉴定及药敏试验对社区获得性尿路感染患者抗菌药物合理使用的影响。方法选取周口市人民医院809例疑似社区获得性尿路感染患者,均留取清洁中段尿进行细菌培养,对培养结果进行细菌鉴定及药敏试验,分析耐药性。结果 809例疑似社区获得性尿路感染患者经中段尿细菌培养共得364株病原菌,阳性率44.99%,其中以革兰阴性菌为主。药敏试验证实革兰阴性菌对头孢唑啉、复方新诺明、氨苄西林耐药性高;革兰阳性菌对克林霉素、红霉素耐药性高。结论社区获得性尿路感染致病菌主要为大肠埃希菌,不同病原菌耐药性不一,中段尿细菌鉴定及药敏试验可以明确致病菌,指导临床根据药敏结果合理选择治疗药物,避免滥用抗菌药物。     

尿路感染常见的病原菌分布及其耐药性分析

目的分析尿液培养的病原菌分布及其耐药性,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集2012年-2014年诊断为泌尿系感染患者的尿液标本,进行细菌培养鉴定与药敏分析,采用WHONET5.4软件进行统计分析。结果共检出病原菌420株,革兰阴性菌347株占83%,革兰阳性菌73株占17%。革兰阴性菌中以大肠埃希菌为主,革兰阳性菌中以肠球菌多见。革兰阴性菌对氨曲南、头孢曲松、氨苄西林/舒巴坦等耐药率较高,对碳青霉烯类敏感。革兰阳性菌对克林霉素、大环内酯类抗菌药物耐药率较高,对利奈唑烷、万古霉素、替加环素完全敏感。结论医院尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,病原菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率较高,临床应依据尿培养和药敏试验的结果,合理的选用抗菌药物。     

876株尿培养的细菌分布及耐药性分析

目的监测与分析尿路感染患者常见的病原菌分布及对抗菌药物的耐药性,指导临床合理用药。方法对2007年1月至2010年5月尿培养的876株病原菌进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验。结果 1954份无菌尿的细菌培养标本中共检出876株病原菌,其中以革兰阴性菌为主,以大肠埃希菌最为常见;而在革兰阳性菌以肠球菌属为主,粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌最常见;真菌也占有一定比例。病原菌对各种抗菌药物的耐药差异性较大,表现为多重耐药,产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别为41.3%、33.7%,耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的检出率分别为35.4%、27.5%。结论临床医生必须遵守抗生素使用原则,严格掌握其适应证,合理使用抗生素,控制和预防耐药菌株感染的发生和流行。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.