乳杆菌对幼年小鼠肠道菌群紊乱的缓解和恢复作用

目的探索乳杆菌对头孢曲松诱导的小鼠幼年期肠道菌群紊乱的缓解和恢复作用,以及对机体免疫的可能影响。方法 48只4周龄Balb/c雄性小鼠按体重随机分为空白对照组、抗生素组、泡菜直投菌组(PC)和鼠李糖乳杆菌组(LGG),每组12只。实验共计4周,第1周对照组、抗生素组、PC组和LGG组分别灌胃生理盐水、头孢曲松(40 mg)、头孢曲松和PC菌悬液(10⁹ CFU)、头孢曲松和LGG菌悬液(10⁹ CFU),之后3周对照组和抗生素组不予灌胃,PC组和LGG组继续灌胃菌悬液。每3天测一次体重。每周收集一次粪便,二代测序分析粪便细菌的群落多样性和结构变化。实验第4周处死小鼠,采用实时荧光定量PCR法测定脾脏中白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6, IL-6)、IL-12和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factorα, TNF-α)的mRNA表达水平。结果经抗生素灌胃的3组小鼠体重均低于空白对照组(P<0.05),PC组在第18 d首先恢复至正常水平,第21 d时抗生素组和LGG组也得到恢复。菌群多样性分析发现,投用抗生素...     

干酪乳杆菌Zhang对小鼠肠道免疫功能的影响

目的研究干酪乳杆菌Zhang(Lactobacillus casei Zhang,LcZhang)活菌制剂对小鼠肠粘膜免疫功能的影响。方法将分离自酸马奶的干酪乳杆菌Zhang,以活菌制剂的形式分三个剂量灌服小鼠11d,观察小鼠肠道局部免疫组织一派伊尔氏结(Payer’s Patches,PP)的数量及小肠粘膜CD3+、IgA+细胞数量及其阳性信号平均光密度值。结果干酪乳杆菌Zhang可使小鼠肠道粘膜相关淋巴组织中派伊尔氏结计数、计分值显著提高,并可显著提高肠粘膜内CD3+、IgA+细胞数量及表达强度。结论干酪乳杆菌Zhang对小鼠肠道粘膜免疫具有明显的促进作用。     

人胃和肠道来源乳杆菌耐酸耐胆盐能力的初步研究

目的:分析人胃肠道源乳杆菌对酸和胆盐的耐受情况,为进一步筛选耐酸耐胆盐优良菌株提供参考数据。方法:采用MRS液体培养基,模拟人体胃肠道酸性环境(pH=3)和高胆汁酸盐环境(胆汁酸盐=3‰),测定104株人胃肠道源乳杆菌在酸性及高胆盐环境下作用4h后的存活菌数,并与对照相比较。对结果进行统计学分析。结果:耐酸实验组活菌下降对数值均数(2·7845±2·9438)小于耐胆盐实验组活菌下降对数值均数(4·3910±2·4814),其差别有统计学意义(P=0·0000);肠耐胆盐组的活菌下降对数值均数(3·3355±2·2540)小于胃耐胆盐组的活菌下降对数值均数(5·6223±2·1616),其差别有统计学意义(P=0·0000)。结论:人胃肠道来源乳杆菌对酸的耐受能力高于对胆盐的耐受能力,肠道来源的乳杆菌对胆盐的耐受能力高于胃来源的乳杆菌对胆盐的耐受能力。     

乳杆菌抑制黄曲霉孢子萌发的研究

为探讨乳杆菌抑制黄曲霉孢子萌发的可能机制 ,在乳杆菌培养液、乳杆菌培养液的上清液和乳杆菌的细胞悬浮液中接种一定量的黄曲霉孢子 ,每隔 4h分别取少量液体在PDA平板上进行霉菌计数 ,直到 30h。 2 8℃培养 72h后计数萌发的霉菌孢子。结果表明 :只有乳杆菌培养液组对黄曲霉孢子萌发有显著的抑制作用 ,说明乳杆菌抑制黄曲霉孢子萌发的可能机制是低pH值 ,乳杆菌的代谢产物与微生物间竞争多因素协同作用的结果。     

植物乳杆菌联合大豆多肽对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 为探究植物乳杆菌HZLP-005(Lactobacillus plantarum HZLP-005)联合碱性蛋白酶制备的大豆多肽(soybean peptide prepared by alkaline protease,SPAP)对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用.方法 随机将60只6 w雄性BALB/C小鼠分为4组:分...     

副干酪乳杆菌N1115对剖腹产幼儿肠道健康影响的研究

目的研究副干酪乳杆菌N1115对剖腹产出生婴幼儿肠道健康的影响。方法在爱尔兰招募60名健康的剖腹产出生婴幼儿,年龄6～36月随机分为干预组和对照组,各30名。干预组服用N1115益生菌粉,对照组服用安慰剂,均为每日一袋,连续8w,并观察受试者的大便性状、胃肠症状、肠道菌群、短链脂肪酸以及不良事件发生情况。结果两组均未发生与受试产品相关的不良事件。干预8 w后,干预组的胃肠气胀得分为1.86±2.28,较第0 w时下降,但与对照组比较无显著差异;大便性状、肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸水平,随着时间推移,整个样本集合无明显变化,各组之间没有显著性差异。细分受试者年龄,6～18月龄干预组的大便性状和胃肠气胀情况较对照组有一定差异。结论副干酪乳杆菌N1115对婴幼儿的安全性良好,且对早期的肠道健康可能具有潜在的益生作用。[营养学报,2020,42(4):338-343]     

地衣芽孢杆菌对抗生素相关性腹泻患儿肠道菌群的影响

目的 探讨地衣芽孢杆菌治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的临床疗效及对肠道菌群的影响。方法 选取2020年9月至2021年8月安徽省妇幼保健院收治的呼吸道感染合并抗生素相关性腹泻患儿100例,按随机数字表方法将其分为观察组与对照组,每组50例。对照组予常规治疗,在对照组治疗的基础上,观察组另外应用地衣芽孢杆菌口服治疗,每日3次,每次0.25g, 5～7天为1个疗程。比较分析两组患儿的临床疗效,以及治疗前、后肠道菌群的变化情况,并观察两组不良反应的发生情况。结果 观察组的治疗总有效率(88.00%)明显高于对照组(68.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.828,P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿粪便中乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量、菌落总数及双歧杆菌/肠杆菌(B/E)比值均较治疗前升高(t=-24.228～-2.156,P<0.05),且观察组均明显高于对照组(t值分别为2.129、2.304、7.014、3.266,P<0.05);而两组患儿粪便中肠球菌和肠杆菌数量、真菌感染率及球/杆菌值均较治疗前下降(观察组t值分别为3.347、5.165、8.660、22.3...     

植物乳杆菌对桔青霉孢子形态影响的研究

[目的]探讨植物乳杆菌ATCC 8014和CGMCC 1．103对桔青霉CGMCC 3．2938等8株青霉孢子活性的影响。[方法]将青霉孢子接种到植物乳杆菌MRS培养液中，28℃培养24h后检测孢子的活性。[结果]植物乳杆菌ATCC 8014和CGMCC 1．103对产紫青霉、纠结青霉、桔青霉、皱褶青霉、短密青霉和黄暗青霉的孢子均有灭活作用，镜下观察植物乳杆菌ATCC 8014将桔青霉CGMCC 3．2938的孢子灭活，使其不能发育成菌丝。[结论]植物乳杆菌ATCC 8014和CGMCC 1．103对6种青霉孢子有灭活作用。     

瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳对去卵巢大鼠骨密度和骨强度的影响

<正>瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳较普通酸乳能更好提高血清钙的含量[1],本研究探讨长期食用瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳对去卵巢大鼠的骨密度、骨矿物质及骨强度影响。     

乳杆菌制剂与甲硝唑对老年性阴道炎的治疗效果研究

目的：研究分析乳杆菌制剂和甲硝唑对老年性阴道炎的治疗效果。方法：对照平分50例老年性阴道炎患者为研究组和对照组,病人就诊时间2013年9月-2015年6月。对照组（n=25）使用甲硝唑片;研究组（n=25）联合使用乳杆菌制剂和甲硝唑,观察分析两组疗效和随访半年时复发情况。结果：研究组总有效率（92.0%）和随访期间复发率（12.0%）均优于对照组,两组指标对比,具有明显差异,P均＜0.05。结论：联合使用乳杆菌制剂和甲硝唑治疗老年性阴道炎,疗效好,复发率低,推荐使用。     

健康人肠道大肠埃希菌耐药性调查与分析

目的:研究健康人肠道大肠埃希菌的耐药性。方法:按有关文献提供的方法分离鉴定健康人肠道大肠埃希菌,K-B法测定150株大肠埃希菌对16种抗生素的敏感性。结果:165份健康人肛拭子分离到150株大肠埃希菌;150株试验菌对6种抗生素的耐药率超过35.00%,对四环素、萘啶酸、磺胺甲基异噁唑、氨苄西林、复方新诺明和链霉素6种抗生素的耐药率分别为63.33%、49.33%、40.67%、38.67%、35.33%,全部菌株对头孢美唑、阿米卡星敏感,122株(81.33%)对一种以上抗生素耐药,对2种以上抗生素耐药的菌株为88株(58.67%),44株(29.33%)对5种以上抗生素耐药,有2株对10种抗生素耐药。结论:健康人肠道大肠埃希菌耐药情况较严重。     

The effect of milk and lactobacillus feeding on human intestinal bacterial enzyme activity

Twenty-one subjects were recruited for a study designed to investigate the effect of oral supplements of Lactobacillus acidophilus on fecal bacterial enzyme activity. Three bacterial enzymes were assayed: beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, and azoreductase. These fecal enzymes can catalyze procarcinogens conversion to a proximal carcinogen. The sequence of feeding studies and fecal enzyme assays was the same for all subjects: 4 wk of a control period; 4 wk of plain milk feeding; 4 wk of control, without any dietary supplements; 4 wk of milk containing 2 X 10(6) per ml viable L acidophilus; and 4 wk of control, without any supplements. The concentration of viable lactobacilli simulates that found in acidophilus supplemented milk. Reductions of 2- to 4-fold in the activities of the three fecal enzymes were observed only during the period of lactobacilli feeding. These changes were noted in all subjects and were highly significant (p less than 0.02 to 0.001). During the final control period, after lactobacilli feeding, fecal enzyme levels returned to normal after 4 wk.     

Antibiotic susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae species isolated from mastitic milk in Algeria

ObjectiveTo determine: species distribution of 35 Enterobacteriaceae isolates involved in bovine mastitis; and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of all isolates from geographical areas in Algeria.MethodsEnterobacteriaceae species identification was performed based on conventional biochemical techniques and using the API 20 E test. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines (NCCLS). In total, 35 Enterobacteriaceae species: Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n=5), Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) (n=5), Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) (n=4), Klebsiella ornithinolytica (K. ornithinolytica) (n=4), Kluyvera spp (n=4), and Hafnia alvei (H. alvei) (n=3), were the most commonly identified. Enterobacteriaceae isolates were the most resistance to Amoxicillin+Clavulanic Acid (74.28%), Ampicillin (28.57%) and Amoxicillin (28.57%) followed by Tetracycline (20%) and Céfodiazin (14.7%).ConclusionsWe conclude that Enterobacteriaceae species from bovine milk presented significantly distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles, evaluated by phenotypic test, which has implications for treatment and management decisions.     

健康儿童鼻携带金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性研究

摘要:目的　探讨广州在校健康儿童金黄色葡萄球菌鼻携带率及该菌对常见抗生素的耐药性。方法　广州市荔湾区抽取1间幼儿园和1间小学,对纳入研究对象采集鼻拭子进行金黄色葡萄球菌分离鉴定,并对阳性菌株进行抗生素药物敏感性检测。结果　共纳入463名幼儿园儿童及1 012名小学生,小学生金黄色葡萄球菌鼻携带率（40.1%）比幼儿园儿童（31.1%）高,其差异有统计学意义（χ2＝11.05,P＜0.05）。药敏结果显示,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus,MRSA）呈多药耐药状态,其对四环素、红霉素及克林霉素的耐药率远高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus,MSSA）,差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。结论　广州荔湾区在校健康儿童鼻携带金黄色葡萄球菌较高,健康儿童鼻携带金黄色葡萄球菌高耐青霉素、红霉素及克林霉素。建议开展全国性监测,为临床医生合理用药提供参考依据。     

Antibiotic susceptibility of 206Haemophilus influenzae isolates collected from children in central Italy

Susceptibility of 206H. influenzae isolates was evaluated by disk diffusion method for 11 antimicrobial agents. No isolates were found to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, amoxi-cillin+clavulanic acid, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Four untypable isolates (1.9%) were -lactamase producing ampicillin-resistant; one of these was also resistant to chloramphenicol. The rate of resistance against rifampin was 0.5 percent.     

Antibiotic susceptibility of Rickettsia and treatment of rickettsioses

The author describes the in vitro data for antibiotic susceptibility of Rickettsia and Coxiella burnetii. Tetracyclines are still the first antibiotic choice in spotted fevers, typhus and Q fever. In spotted fever a shortened treatment is suggested and the place of macrolide antibiotics, such as Josamycin, in treating children may be evaluated. In Q fever, according to the new biological data, an association of tetracyclines and Rifampin or Quinolones is suggested.Presented at the 4th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology, Nice, 17–20 April, 1989.     

Antibiotic susceptibility of campylobacter isolates from sewage and poultry abattoir drain water.

In this study, the in vitro susceptibility of 209 campylobacter strains to the quinolones nalidixic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and to ampicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin was tested by the disk diffusion method. The strains were isolated from poultry abattoir effluent (DWA) and two sewage purification plants (SPA and SPB). Sewage purification plant SPA received mixed sewage, including that from a poultry abattoir, whereas SPB did not receive sewage from any meat-processing industry. The quinolone resistance of the DWA isolates ranged from 28% for enrofloxacin to 50% for nalidixic acid. The strains isolated from the sewage purification plants were more susceptible to the quinolones with a range of 11-18% quinolone resistance for SPB isolates to 17-33% quinolone resistance for SPA isolates. The susceptibility criteria as recommended by National Committee Clinical Laboratory Standards (USA) cannot readily be employed for campylobacter isolates. This investigation shows that the resistance of campylobacter bacteria is highest in the plant receiving sewage from a poultry slaughterhouse. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance of aquatic Campylobacter spp. is important, as surface waters are recognized as possible sources of infection.     

Antibiotic susceptibility and genotypes of non-typhi Salmonella isolates from children in Kilifi on the Kenya coast

A 4-year retrospective study was undertaken at the Kilifi District Hospital on the coast of Kenya to determine the antibiotic-susceptibility patterns and genotypes of non-typhi Salmonella (NTS) isolates from children. Overall, during the period 1994-97, positive cultures were obtained from 543 (14%) of 3885 blood samples, 364 (30%) of 1210 stool samples and 143 (11%) of 1283 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. NTS were isolated from 151 (27.8%), 72 (19.8%), and 11 (7.7%) of these positive cultures, respectively. The total 234 NTS isolates were serotyped: the most frequent were Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (41%) and S. enterica serotype Typhimurium (38%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using ampicillin (amp), chloramphenicol (chl), gentamicin (cn), co-trimoxazole (s-t), cefuroxime (cxm), ciprofloxacin (cip), cefotaxime (ctx), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 20 micrograms-10 micrograms (amc), and tobramycin (tob). Of the 234 isolates, 43 were sensitive to all antibiotics tested and 133 were multiple drug resistant (MDR). The most common resistance type seen was amp, cn, cxm, s-t, ctx, amc, tob (36/234). Our results indicate a high proportion of MDR amongst the isolates from Kilifi. We conclude that 2 major serotypes of salmonella, i.e., S. enterica serotype Typhimurium and S. enterica serotype Enteritidis, of micro-epidemic nature that have been previously unrecognized in Kilifi are responsible for infection in Kilifi district on the coast of Kenya and that over half (56.8%) of total NTS isolates are MDR.     

婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药敏分析

目的研究中国婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药物敏感性和耐药性。方法采用纸片扩散法测定了16株婴幼儿配方粉阪崎肠杆菌分离株对亚胺培南、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶等6大类28种抗生素的药敏结果。结果所有阪崎肠杆菌均对万古霉素、苯唑西林和青霉素G耐药,除1株阪崎肠杆菌之外,其他菌株同时也对头孢唑林和头孢泊肟耐药;所有菌株对13种以上的抗生素敏感。结论加强对预防用药和临床用药的重视,以减少阪崎肠杆菌多重耐药性的增加和经验用药的失误。