凋亡诱导基因TRAIL的受体在卵巢肿瘤中的表达

应用RT PCR方法检测 3例正常卵巢、6例良性卵巢肿瘤和 16例恶性卵巢肿瘤组织中TNF家族新成员TRAIL的受体DR5 ,DcR1和DcR2表达。结果显示 :正常人外周血淋巴细胞及 3例正常卵巢组织中TRAIL受体均为阳性表达。良性卵巢肿瘤中DR5阳性表达率为 83.3% (5 /6 ) ,DcR1为 83.3% (5 /6 ) ,DcR2为 10 0 % (6 /6 )。恶性卵巢肿瘤中DR5阳性表达率为 6 8.8% (11/16 ) ,DcR1为 6 8.8% (11/16 ) ,DcR2为 0 % (0 /16 )。提示不同TRAIL受体特别是DcR2表达可能参与了卵巢肿瘤发生过程中细胞凋亡的调控     

TRAIL受体在子宫内膜癌细胞株的表达

目的:研究肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand,TRAIL)受体在正常子宫内膜组织、子宫内膜癌组织和癌旁组织的表达特征。方法:采用RT-PCR技术,检测20例正常子宫内膜、20例子宫内膜癌及癌旁组织中TRAIL受体DR4、DR5和假受体DcR1、DcR2阳性表达情况。结果:TRAIL受体DR4、DR5的mRNA在人正常子宫内膜组织、子宫内膜癌组织和癌旁组织中均表达,诱骗受体DcR1的mRNA在子宫内膜各组织中的表达率不同,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而诱骗受体DcR2的mRNA在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达率明显低于正常子宫内膜组织和癌旁组织,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.005),癌旁组织细胞中DcR2表达和正常子宫内膜组织相近(P>0.05)。结论:TRAIL诱骗受体DcR1、DcR2在子宫内膜癌中的低表达可能与其发病机制有关,可能对防止子宫内膜癌变具有一定作用。     

星形细胞瘤组织中TRAIL及其受体的表达

目的：研究不同级别星形细胞瘤组织中肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)及其受体的表达。方法：应用原位杂交法检测45例星形细胞瘤和8例正常脑组织中TRAIL及其受体DR4、DR5、DcR1、DcR2的mRNA转录表达。结果：在45例星形细胞瘤组织中,TRAIL、DR4、DR5、DcR1、DcR2的mRNA的阳性例数分别为44例、38例、41例、40例、2例。有36例星形细胞瘤DR4、DR5、DcR1的mRNA协同转录,阳性率80％。TRAIL及其受体在低级别（Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)与高级别(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)星形细胞瘤组织中的表达差异无统计学意义。结论：TRAIL及其受体在星形细胞瘤组织中表达,且与肿瘤的恶性程度无关。     

TRAIL及其受体DcR1和DR4在宫颈癌组织中的表达及意义

目的检测宫颈癌和正常宫颈组织中人肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand, TRAIL）及其受体DcR1和DR4的表达,探讨TRAIL及其受体的表达与宫颈癌发生、发展的关系。方法免疫组织化学Envision法检测43例宫颈癌和30例正常宫颈组织中TRAIL及其受体DcR1、DR4的表达。结果TRAIL、DcR1、DR4免疫阳性产物为棕黄色,定位于胞浆或胞膜, TRAIL及DcR1在宫颈癌组织中的表达显著低于正常宫颈组织,DR4在宫颈癌组织中的表达显著高于正常宫颈组织(P＜0.05);TRAIL、DcR1、DR4在宫颈癌组织中的表达与患者的年龄、分期、淋巴结转移无关(P＞0.05)。结论TRAIL是肿瘤细胞分化差的标志之一;宫颈癌细胞由于DR4的高表达和DcR1的低表达而易被TRAIL诱导凋亡。     

直肠癌组织中TRAIL、DcR1、DR4、caspase3与bcl-2的表达及其相关性的初步研究

目的探讨TRAIL选择性诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,而不损伤正常组织的可能机制。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法,检测38例直肠癌及其癌旁组织,14例正常直肠黏膜组织中TRAIL及DcR1、DR4受体、caspase3、bcl-2在直肠癌及癌旁组织中的蛋白表达情况,结合其临床病理学资料,分析它们之间的相关性。结果TRAIL、DcR1、DR4、caspase3与bcl-2在正常直肠黏膜、癌旁6cm组织、癌组织上皮中阳性表达有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中TRAIL、DcR1、DR4、caspase3、bcl-2癌组织上皮与正常直肠黏膜阳性表达均有显著性差异(P<0.05),TRAIL、DcR1、DR4、bcl-2在癌组织上皮与癌旁6cm组织上皮中的表达有显著性差异(P<0.05);TRAIL、DcR1、DR4、caspase3与bcl-2在正常直肠黏膜与癌旁6cm组织上皮中的表达均无显著性差异(P>0.05);TRAIL与bcl-2高中分化癌组织中与低分化癌组织中的表达均有显著性差异(P<0.05);DcR1、DR4、caspase3与肿瘤分化程度无关;TRAIL、DcR1、DR4、caspase3与bcl-2在癌组织中的表达与性别、年龄、分期、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小及组织类型无关(P>0.05)。结论DcR1、DR4、caspase3、bcl-2与TRAIL作用机制相关,其中DcR1与bcl-2可能是抑制因素,而DR4、caspase3是TRAIL作用环节的关键指标。     

瘤坏死因子相关调亡诱导配体及其受体在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关调亡诱导配体(TRAIL)及其4个受体DR4、DR5、DcR1、DcK2在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义.方法 应用RT-PCK方法,检测68例喉鳞状细胞癌和30例正常喉黏膜组织中TRAIL及其受体的表达分布情况,并探讨其与喉鳞癌临床各指标之间的关系.结果 在喉鳞癌组织及正常喉黏膜中均检测到TRAIL及其4个受体的表达,其中TRAIL及诱骗受体DcR1、DcR2在喉鳞癌组织中表达低,而在正常喉黏膜组织中表达较高,差异具有显著性(P均<0.01);而死亡受体DR4、DR5在2种组织中表达均较高,差异不具有显著性(P均>0.05).在早期喉癌(Ⅰ+Ⅱ期),其表达TRAIL及DcR1、DcR2较高,而晚期喉癌(Ⅲ+Ⅳ期)中则表达较低,差异具有显著性(P均<0.05),死亡受体DR在2组间差异无显著性(P均>0.05);TRAIL及DcR在分化程度高的肿瘤组中表达也高,在分化程度中、低组的肿瘤表达低,差异具有显著性(P均<0.01).死亡受体DR在2组间差异无显著性(P均>0.05).结论 喉鳞癌中普遍存在着TRAIL及其受体的表达,并存在着表达类型的差异,这是TRAIL选择性诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的原因.TRAIL及DcR1、DcR2的表达分布与喉鳞癌的病理分期以及分化程度相关.     

TRAIL受体在子痫前期患者胎盘的表达及意义

目的 检测肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)的受体(DR4,DB5,DcR1,DcR2)在子痫前期患者胎盘的表达,初步探索其与子痫前期的关系.方法 选择子痫前期患者34饲作研究组,正常妊娠组31例作对照组,分别对两组的胎盘免疫组化染色,观察两组TRAIL受体(DR4,DR5,DcR1,DcR2)表达量的差异.结果 研究组胎盘组织中TRAIL受体DR4,DR5表达较强,而DcR1,DcR2表达较少(P＜0.05).结论 TRAIL受体表达失衡可能导致胎盘滋养细胞凋亡紊乱,可能是子痫前期发生的机制之一.     

肝癌组织及肝癌细胞株中TRAIL受体的检测

目的:检测肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand,TRAIL)受体在原发性肝癌(PHC,简称肝癌)组织及肝癌细胞株HepG2及SMMC7721中的表达,以期选出与肝癌组织中TRAIL受体表达相近的细胞株。方法:收集原发性肝癌组织30例,以常规方法培养人肝癌细胞株HepG2及SMMC7721,以半定量RT-PCR法,对TRAIL受体的表达作半定量检测。结果:30例肝癌组织及HepG2细胞中均有TRAIL受体DR4(deathrecptor4)、DR5、DcR1(decoy receptor1)、DcR2的表达,而SMMC7721细胞中不表达DcR1;半定量结果显示肝癌组织及HepG2中DR4及DR5的表达量明显高于DcR1及DcR2;肝癌组织中4对受体间的表达量存在相关性,HepG2细胞中DR4的表达与DcR1及DcR2间存在相关性。结论:HepG2中TRAIL受体的表达类似于肝癌组织。     

前列腺癌组织中TRAIL受体的表达及意义

目的：探讨前列腺癌组织中TRAIL受体的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测45例前列腺癌组织及15例良性前列腺增生组织中DR4、DR5及DcR1受体的表达水平。结果高分化、中分化、低分化前列腺癌组织与前列腺增生组织比较DR4、DR5受体的表达水平差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但高分化、中分化、低分化前列腺癌组织中DcR1的表达水平均明显低于前列腺增生组织,其差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且DcR1的表达水平在高分化、中分化、低分化前列腺癌组织中依次降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 TRAIL受体DcR1在前列腺癌的发生发展中可能发挥重要作用。     

TRAIL及其受体在卵巢肿瘤中的表达及意义

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）及其受体在卵巢正常组织及卵巢肿瘤中的表达及意义。方法用免疫组织化学方法检测20例卵巢正常组织、22例卵巢良性肿瘤组织、26例卵巢恶性肿瘤组织中TRAIL及其受体的表达。结果正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤中TRAIL表达阳性率分别为15.0%、30.4%、92.3%;TRAIL受体表达阳性率分别为10.0%、26.1%、76.9%。TRAIL及其受体在卵巢恶性肿瘤组织中的表达与正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性肿瘤中的表达比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 TRAIL及其受体的异常表达在卵巢恶性肿瘤的发生过程中起一定的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.