急性心力衰竭综合病因评分预计死亡率研究

目的 探讨急性心力衰竭病因评分在急性心力衰竭疾病中的应用价值.方法 采用APACHEⅡ评分、心力衰竭基础病因及诱因综合评分,在此评分基础上对42 例急性心力衰竭患者预计死亡率进行评估并建立预计死亡率模型,分层计算群体预计死亡率.结果 根据急性心力衰竭病因评分分值进行分组,随着分值逐渐升高,实际病死率和预计死亡率也逐渐升高,死亡组评分均值显著高于生存组(P＜0.05).结论 急性心力衰竭病因评分系统简易实用,可用于院前急救及急诊急性心力衰竭患者初步评估.     

急性心力衰竭患者远期死亡的预测因素分析

目的 探讨急性心力衰竭(AHF)患者远期死亡的预测因素。方法 连续入选南方医科大学顺德医院2012年6月—12月因AHF住院的患者512例,根据出院后1年内是否死亡分为存活组(n＝323)和死亡组(n＝189)。记录患者的基线资料。对出院患者进行中位随访时间20.2月的随访,记录全因死亡事件。使用Cox比例风险回归模型分析死亡的危险因素。结果 1年内全因死亡率为36.9%。单因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析提示,AHF病史(HR 1.41,95%CI 1.02～1.95,P＜0.05)、心率增快(HR 1.01,95%CI 1.00～1.02,P＜0.05)、脑钠肽升高(HR 1.78,95%CI 1.05～3.01,P＜0.05)、低白蛋白(HR 0.94,95%CI 0.92～0.97,P＜0.001)、低血钠(HR 0.97,95%CI 0.94～1.00,P＜0.05)是AHF患者远期死亡的独立预测因素。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析提示,AHF病史(HR 1.41,95%CI 1.06～1.88,P＝0.018)、心率增快(HR 1.01,95%CI 1.00～1.01,P＝0.024)、低白蛋白(HR 0.96,95%CI 0.94～0.99,P＝0.003)、低血钠(HR 0.97,95%CI 0.94～0.99,P＝0.010)是AHF患者远期死亡的危险因素。结论 AHF病史、心率增快、低白蛋白、低血钠是AHF患者远期死亡的预测因素。     

Predicting mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Role of risk scores

Acute heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization and death, and it is an increasing burden on health care systems. The correct risk stratification of patients could improve clinical outcome and resources allocation, avoiding the overtreatment of low-risk subjects or the early, inappropriate discharge of high-risk patients. Many clinical scores have been derived and validated for in-hospital and post-discharge survival; predictive models include demographic, clinical, hemodynamic and laboratory variables. Data sets are derived from public registries, clinical trials, and retrospective data. Most models show a good capacity to discriminate patients who reach major clinical end-points, with C-indices generally higher than 0.70, but their applicability in real-world populations has been seldom evaluated. No study has evaluated if the use of risk score-based stratification might improve patient outcome. Some variables (age, blood pressure, sodium concentration, renal function) recur in most scores and should always be considered when evaluating the risk of an individual patient hospitalized for acute heart failure. Future studies will evaluate the emerging role of plasma biomarkers.     

新视点——急性心力衰竭

既往对心力衰竭(心衰)的关注,大多集中在慢性心衰上,而以心衰名义住院的患者,多数是急性心衰包括慢性心衰急性失代偿。这一部分人群并未得到合理的治疗,也缺少循证医学的证据。因此,调查急性心衰的现状,研究治疗急性心衰的新药物、新装置已经成为一种新趋势。近年来,相继有多个急性心衰的研究问世,并在2005年推出了急性心衰的治疗指南。1急性心衰的现状ADHERE(The Acute Decompensated HeartFailure National Registry)研究〔1〕回顾性分析了2004年1月前274家医院105388例急性失代偿性心衰患者的临床特征及治疗状况,高血压、冠心病和…     

Gender-related differences in patients with acute heart failure: Management and predictors of in-hospital mortality

Aim and methods

Gender-related differences in clinical phenotype, in-hospital management and prognosis of acute heart failure (AHF) patients have been previously reported in European and US registries. The ALARM-HF survey is the first to include a cohort of 4953 patients hospitalized for AHF in 666 hospitals in 6 European countries, Mexico and Australia.

Results

Women accounted for 37% of the study population, were older and had higher rates of de novo heart failure (45% vs 36%, p < 0.001) than men. An acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the predominant precipitating factor in both genders, but to a lesser extent in females (30% vs 42%, p < 0.001). Between genders comparison showed higher incidence of atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, diabetes, obesity, anemia and depression in women (p < 0.05). Similarly, women had higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on admission (42 ± 15% vs 36 ± 13%, p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (135 ± 40 mm Hg vs 131 ± 39 mm Hg, p = 0.001) than men. On the other hand, men had more often coronary artery disease, renal failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.05). Importantly, in-hospital mortality was similar in both genders (11.1% in females vs 10.5% in males, p = 0.475), and its common predictors were: systolic blood pressure at admission, creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL and diabetes. Furthermore, recent ACS, valvular heart disease and dementia contributed to prognosis in women, while LVEF, hypertension and anemia were independent predictors in men.

Conclusion

Among patients with AHF, there are significant differences in co-morbidities, precipitating factors and predictors of in-hospital mortality between genders. Nevertheless, in-hospital mortality remains similar between genders.     

血清γ谷氨酰转移酶:急性心力衰竭患者死亡的风险因素

目的探讨血清γ谷氨酰转移酶(gamma-glutamyl transferase,γ-GGT)对急性心力衰竭(acute heart failure,AHF)患者病死率的预测价值。方法将188例AHF患者分为死亡组和存活组,所有患者行生物化学以及血清γ-GGT浓度检测,分析两组患者的血清γ-GGT浓度及临床生化指标的差异。结果两组血清γ-GGT浓度、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(creatinine,Cr)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzyme MB,CK-MB)、总胆汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)、心房脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)浓度,射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)及合并原发性高血压(高血压)、心房纤颤患者比例比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。应用Logistic回归分析显示,血清γ-GGT浓度为AHF患者的危险因素(P0.05)。血清γ-GGT浓度对于AHF病死率的诊断的敏感度78.9%,特异度66.7%,受试者工作曲线下面积为0.759。结论血清γ-GGT浓度可能可以作为预测AHF的病死率的血清指标,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

ECG in patients with acute heart failure can predict in-hospital and long-term mortality

Initial risk stratification in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is poorly validated. Previous studies tended to evaluate the prognostic significance of only one or two selected ECG parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of multiple ECG parameters on mortality in AHF. The Acute Heart Failure Database (AHEAD) registry collected data from 4,153 patients admitted for AHF to seven hospitals with Catheter Laboratory facilities. Clinical variables, heart rate, duration of QRS, QT and QTC intervals, type of rhythm and ST-T segment changes on admission were collected in a web-based database. 12.7 % patients died during hospitalisation, the remainder were discharged and followed for a median of 16.2 months. The most important parameters were a prolonged QRS and a junctional rhythm, which independently predict both in-hospital mortality [QRS > 100 ms, odds ratio (OR) 1.329, 95 % CI 1.052–1.680; junctional rhythm, OR 3.715, 95 % CI 1.748–7.896] and long-term mortality (QRS > 120 ms, OR 1.428, 95 % CI 1.160–1.757; junctional rhythm, OR 2.629, 95 % CI 1.538–4.496). Increased hospitalisation mortality is predicted by ST segment elevation (OR 1.771, 95 % CI 1.383–2.269) and prolonged QTC interval >475 ms (OR 1.483, 95 % CI 1.016–2.164). Presence of atrial fibrillation and bundle branch block is associated with increased unadjusted long-term mortality, but mostly reflects more advanced heart disease, and their predictive significance is attenuated in the multivariate analysis. ECG in patients admitted for acute heart failure carries significant short- and long-term prognostic information, and should be carefully evaluated.     

Gender differences in mortality after acute myocardial infarction with mild to moderate heart failure

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is associated with poor outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Women have higher mortality rate than men after AMI, however, it is unknown whether women with HF after AMI have different prognosis than men. AIM: To compare the prognosis of men and women with AMI and mild-moderate HF. METHODS: We analyzed data of 3456 consecutive patients with AMI hospitalized in all cardiac care units in Israel during two nationwide surveys. RESULTS: Among patients with AMI and HF on admission: women were older, had more risk factors, and were less likely to undergo percutaneous coronary angiography/intervention. Women with HF had higher (7-days, 30-days, and 1-year) crude mortality rates than men. However, adjusted mortality rates were not significantly different between genders. CONCLUSIONS: Women with AMI complicated by HF had higher crude mortality rate than men that was eliminated after multivariate analysis, suggesting that the higher mortality rate may be attributed to increased prevalence of risk factors and lower rate of revascularization and medical therapies among women. Women with AMI and HF should be considered as a high-risk subgroup with adverse outcome. It remains to be determined whether more intensive management will improve their prognosis.     

Right bundle branch block and long-term mortality in patients with acute congestive heart failure

OBJECTIVES: Risk stratification in acute congestive heart failure (ACHF) is poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of right bundle brunch block (RBBB) on long-term mortality in patients presenting with ACHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The initial 12-lead electrocardiogram was analysed for RBBB in 192 consecutive patients presenting with ACHF to the emergency department. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality during 720-day follow-up. This study included an elderly cohort (mean age 74 years) of ACHF patients. RBBB was present in 27 patients (14%). Age, sex, B-type natriuretic peptide levels and initial management were similar in patients with RBBB when compared with patients without RBBB. However, patients with RBBB more often had pulmonary comorbidity. A total of 84 patients died during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that mortality at 720 days was significantly higher in patients with RBBB when compared with patients without RBBB (63% vs. 39%, P = 0.004). In Cox proportional hazard analysis, RBBB was associated with a two-fold increase in mortality (hazard ratio 2.18, 95% CI 1.26-3.66; P = 0.003). This association persisted after adjustment for age and comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: RBBB is a powerful predictor of mortality in patients with ACHF. Early identification of this high-risk group may help to offer tailored treatment in order to improve outcome.     

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of short-term mortality in Egyptian patients with acute heart failure

Objective

To identify the clinical and laboratory predictors of short-term mortality in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).

Impact of prealbumin on mortality and hospital readmission in patients with acute heart failure

BackgroundPrealbumin is a maker of nutritional status and inflammation of potential prognostic value in acute heart failure (HF). The aim of this study is to evaluate if low prealbumin levels on admission predict mortality and readmissions in patients with acute HF.MethodWe conducted a prospective observational cohort study including 442 patients hospitalized for acute HF. Patients were classified in two groups according to prealbumin levels: “normal” prealbumin (> 15 mg) and “low” prealbumin (≤ 15 mg/dL). End-points were mortality and readmissions (all-cause and HF-related) and the combined end-point of mortality/readmission at 180 days.ResultsOut of 442 patients, 159 (36%) had low and 283 (64%) had normal prealbumin levels Mean age was 79.6 (73.9–84.2, p = 0,405) years and 183 (41%, p = 0,482) were males. After a median 180 days of follow-up, 108 (24%, p = 0,021) patients died and 170 (38%, p = 0,067) were readmitted. Mortality was higher in the low prealbumin group. The combined end-point was more frequent in the low prealbumin group (57% vs. 50%, p = 0.199). In the multivariate analysis the following variables were associated with mortality or readmission: older age, exacerbated chronic HF, higher comorbidity, low systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin values and higher pro brain natriuretic peptide levels.ConclusionsLow prealbumin is common (36%) in patients with acute heart failure and it is associated with a higher short-term mortality.