经皮电神经刺激对周围神经再生的影响

目的　探讨经皮电神经刺激 (TENS)对周围神经再生的影响。方法　将 18只健康白兔按术后取材时间的不同随机分为A、B、C 3组 ,将各组白兔双侧腓总神经切断后与同侧外膜开窗的胫神经作端侧缝合。白兔左后肢为实验侧 ,术后给予TENS ,每天 1次 ,右后肢不给予电刺激 ,作为对照侧。 3组白兔分别于术后 3、6、16周取材 ,进行大体观察、神经组织学、透射电镜和电生理检查。结果　A、B、C组白兔实验侧腓总神经有髓纤维数 ,C组实验侧运动神经传导速度、肌肉复合电位波幅均高于相应各组对照侧 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,各组白兔实验侧腓总神经髓鞘成熟程度优于对照侧。结论　TENS具有促进周围神经再生 ,提高神经侧支萌出率的作用     

低频脉冲电刺激对老年失眠症患者睡眠结构的影响

目的:观察低频脉冲电刺激对老年失眠症患者睡眠结构的影响及多导睡眠图的变化特点。方法:60例老年患者随机分为电刺激组和电兴奋组各30例,分别给予低频脉冲电穴位刺激治疗和电兴奋治疗,治疗前后均行多导睡眠仪监测及临床疗效评定。结果:经过30次治疗,2组患者总睡眠时间、睡眠效率与治疗前比较均有提高;睡眠潜伏期明显缩短、觉醒次数明显减少(P0.05)。2组间比较,电刺激组表现更明显(P0.01)。临床疗效比较,电刺激组临床痊愈率及总有效率均高于电兴奋组(26.6%、79.9%与13.3%、56.6%,P0.05)。结论:低频脉冲电刺激治疗能调整老年失眠症患者紊乱的睡眠结构,其临床疗效优于电兴奋治疗。     

低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的临床研究

目的观察低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症患者多导睡眠图的变化特点,探讨低周波治疗失眠症的机制。 方法将80例患者随机分为低频脉冲电刺激组（低频脉冲电刺激）和药物对照组（口服艾司唑仑片）,每组患者40例。分别于治疗前和治疗3个疗程后检测2组患者睡眠指标的改善情况。 结果疗程结束后,低频脉冲电刺激组有效率为87.5%,药物对照组有效率为65.0%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者经治疗后,低周波治疗组S2期睡眠时间明显减少（P<0.01）且S3+S4期睡眠时间明显增多（P<0.01）,药物对照组REM睡眠时间明显延长（P<0.05）。 结论低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的疗效优于口服艾司唑仑,可更好地帮助患者维持正常生理性睡眠。     

穴位脉冲电刺激对腹部术后患者尿潴留的影响

目的 探讨6805电针仪对腹部手术后尿潴留的影响.方法 180例腹部术后患者随机分为3组;其中治疗组64例采用采用6805电针仪对三阴交、中极穴、膀胱俞进行脉冲电刺激,对照组157例采用艾灸法;对照组259例采用热敷法;比较3组腹部术后尿潴留发生情况.结果 治疗组30 min内和40 min内自行排尿率分别为56.25%和35.94%,对照组1为22.81%和15.79%,对照组2为23.73%和1356%,3组比较差异明显.结论 6805电针仪穴位脉冲电刺激能有效防治腹部术后尿潴留.     

穴位脉冲电刺激对腹部术后患者尿潴留的影响

目的探讨6805电针仪对腹部手术后尿潴留的影响。方法180例腹部术后患者随机分为3组;其中治疗组64例采用采用6805电针仪对三阴交、中极穴、膀胱俞进行脉冲电刺激,对照组157例采用艾灸法;对照组259例采用热敷法;比较3组腹部术后尿潴留发生情况。结果治疗组30min内和40min内自行排尿率分别为56．25％和35．94％,对照组1为22．81％和15．79％,对照组2为23．73％和13．56％,3组比较差异明显。结论6805电针仪穴位脉冲电刺激能有效防治腹部术后尿潴留。     

低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的临床研究

目的 观察低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症患者多导睡眠图的变化特点,探讨低周波治疗失眠症的机制.方法 将80例患者随机分为低频脉冲电刺激组(低频脉冲电刺激)和药物对照组(口服艾司唑仑片),每组患者40例.分别于治疗前和治疗3个疗程后检测2组患者睡眠指标的改善情况.结果 疗程结束后,低频脉冲电刺激组有效率为87.5%,药物对照组有效率为65.O%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组患者经治疗后,低周波治疗组S2期睡lilac间明显减少(P＜0.01)且S3+S4期睡眠时间明显增多(P＜0.01),药物对照组REM睡眠时间明显延长(P＜0.05).结论 低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的疗效优于口服艾司唑仑,可更好地帮助患者维持正常生理性睡眠.     

低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的临床研究

目的 观察低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症患者多导睡眠图的变化特点,探讨低周波治疗失眠症的机制.方法 将80例患者随机分为低频脉冲电刺激组(低频脉冲电刺激)和药物对照组(口服艾司唑仑片),每组患者40例.分别于治疗前和治疗3个疗程后检测2组患者睡眠指标的改善情况.结果 疗程结束后,低频脉冲电刺激组有效率为87.5%,药物对照组有效率为65.O%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组患者经治疗后,低周波治疗组S2期睡lilac间明显减少(P＜0.01)且S3+S4期睡眠时间明显增多(P＜0.01),药物对照组REM睡眠时间明显延长(P＜0.05).结论 低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的疗效优于口服艾司唑仑,可更好地帮助患者维持正常生理性睡眠.     

低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的临床研究

目的 观察低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症患者多导睡眠图的变化特点,探讨低周波治疗失眠症的机制.方法 将80例患者随机分为低频脉冲电刺激组(低频脉冲电刺激)和药物对照组(口服艾司唑仑片),每组患者40例.分别于治疗前和治疗3个疗程后检测2组患者睡眠指标的改善情况.结果 疗程结束后,低频脉冲电刺激组有效率为87.5%,药物对照组有效率为65.O%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组患者经治疗后,低周波治疗组S2期睡lilac间明显减少(P＜0.01)且S3+S4期睡眠时间明显增多(P＜0.01),药物对照组REM睡眠时间明显延长(P＜0.05).结论 低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的疗效优于口服艾司唑仑,可更好地帮助患者维持正常生理性睡眠.     

低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的临床研究

目的 观察低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症患者多导睡眠图的变化特点,探讨低周波治疗失眠症的机制.方法 将80例患者随机分为低频脉冲电刺激组(低频脉冲电刺激)和药物对照组(口服艾司唑仑片),每组患者40例.分别于治疗前和治疗3个疗程后检测2组患者睡眠指标的改善情况.结果 疗程结束后,低频脉冲电刺激组有效率为87.5%,药物对照组有效率为65.O%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组患者经治疗后,低周波治疗组S2期睡lilac间明显减少(P＜0.01)且S3+S4期睡眠时间明显增多(P＜0.01),药物对照组REM睡眠时间明显延长(P＜0.05).结论 低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的疗效优于口服艾司唑仑,可更好地帮助患者维持正常生理性睡眠.     

低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的临床研究

目的 观察低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症患者多导睡眠图的变化特点,探讨低周波治疗失眠症的机制.方法 将80例患者随机分为低频脉冲电刺激组(低频脉冲电刺激)和药物对照组(口服艾司唑仑片),每组患者40例.分别于治疗前和治疗3个疗程后检测2组患者睡眠指标的改善情况.结果 疗程结束后,低频脉冲电刺激组有效率为87.5%,药物对照组有效率为65.O%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组患者经治疗后,低周波治疗组S2期睡lilac间明显减少(P＜0.01)且S3+S4期睡眠时间明显增多(P＜0.01),药物对照组REM睡眠时间明显延长(P＜0.05).结论 低频脉冲电刺激治疗失眠症的疗效优于口服艾司唑仑,可更好地帮助患者维持正常生理性睡眠.     

Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on cardiac rhythm, conduction and repolarization.

Because sympathetic stimulation has been implicated in the genesis of arrhythmias, we studied the effects on arrhythmias of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Fifteen psychiatric patients (male: 8, female: 7, age: 19-51, mean: 29.8) without known heart disease underwent 24-hout Holter recordings before, during, and after ECT (25 episodes). All patients were taking psychotropic drugs and received atropine (0.4-1.2 mg, mean: 1.1 mg IV), methohexital, and succinylcholine prior to ECT. Following ECT, mean maximum heart rate increased (106 +/- 3.2 to 142 +/- 6.0 beats/min, p less than .001), PR interval decreased (149 +/- 3.3 to 131 +/- 3.7 msec, p less than .001) and QTc interval increased (132 +/- 6.5 to 454 +/- 9.7 msec, p less than .001) compared to values obtained after atropine administration. Mean PVC or PAC frequently immediately after ECT or per 24 hours did not change significantly (PVC per 24 hours 6.8 +/- 3.2 to 10.4 +/- 6.4, NS; PAC per 24 hours 0.4 +/- 0.3 to 0.3 +/- 0.2, NS) and no complex arrhythmias were noted. Rate and PR changes suggest adrenergic effects of ECT and QTc increase may be due to imbalanced sympathetic discharge. Autonomic stimulation produced by ECT did not induce arrhythmias in these patients without heart disease. The possible antiarrhythmic role of psychotropic agents or premedication is unknown.     

Evidence for electrical remodeling of the native conduction system with cardiac resynchronization therapy

BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves hemodynamics and decreases heart failure symptoms. However, the potential of CRT to bring about electrical remodeling of the heart has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 25 patients, of whom 17 had a nonischemic cardiomyopathy, and 8 had an ischemic cardiomyopathy; 16 had left bundle branch block (LBBB), 1 right bundle branch block (RBBB), and 8 nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay. During routine device clinic visits, patients with chronic biventricular pacing (>6 months) were reprogrammed to VVI 40 to allow for native conduction to resume. After 5 minutes of native rhythm, a surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded, and then the previous device settings were restored. This ECG was compared to the preimplant ECG. Preimplant mean ejection fraction was 19% (range, 10%-35%), and follow-up mean ejection fraction was 35% (12.5%-65%). Mean time from implant to follow-up ECG was 14 months (range, 6-31). The QRS interval prior to CRT was 155 +/- 29 ms, and shortened to 144 +/- 31 ms (P = 0.0006), and the QRS axis shifted from -1 +/- 59 to -26 +/- 53 (P = 0.03). There was no significant change in PR or QTc interval, or in heart rate. CONCLUSION: CRT leads to a decrease in the surface QRS duration, without affecting other surface ECG parameters. The reduced electrical activation time may reflect changes in the specialized conduction system or in intramyocardial impulse transmission.     

神经肌肉电刺激治疗对脑梗死吞咽障碍患者情感障碍的疗效

目的 探讨神经肌肉电刺激(NES)治疗对脑梗死吞咽障碍患者情感障碍的影响.方法 选取有吞咽障碍的脑梗死患者126例,随机分为治疗组(66例)和对照组(60例),均给予常规药物治疗及吞咽训练,治疗组加用NES治疗,对两组患者治疗前后均进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)测试.结果 经过平均2个疗程的分组治疗,与治疗前比较,治疗组SCL-90中躯体化(23.65±9.28)分vs(33.45±10.61)分、强迫症状(18.56±6.25)分vs(27.73±8.17)分、人际关系敏感(20.27±8.12)分vs(24.61±8.27)分、抑郁(28.50±10.95)分vs (34.02±12.71)分、焦虑(21.50±7.37)分vs (28.68±8.23)分、敌对(12.18±5.64)分vs (16.91±5.35)分、精神病性(14.98±3.15)分vS(24.88±9.35)分等均有不同程度改善(P＜0.01),治疗后与对照组比较,治疗组躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性评分等改善明显(P ＜0.05或＜0.01).结论 NES治疗可以改善脑梗死吞咽障碍患者的情感障碍.     

Biomimetic perfusion and electrical stimulation applied in concert improved the assembly of engineered cardiac tissue

Maintenance of normal myocardial function depends intimately on synchronous tissue contraction, driven by electrical activation and on adequate nutrient perfusion in support thereof. Bioreactors have been used to mimic aspects of these factors in vitro to engineer cardiac tissue but, due to design limitations, previous bioreactor systems have yet to simultaneously support nutrient perfusion, electrical stimulation and unconstrained (i.e. not isometric) tissue contraction. To the best of our knowledge, the bioreactor system described herein is the first to integrate these three key factors in concert. We present the design of our bioreactor and characterize its capability in integrated experimental and mathematical modelling studies. We then cultured cardiac cells obtained from neonatal rats in porous, channelled elastomer scaffolds with the simultaneous application of perfusion and electrical stimulation, with controls excluding either one or both of these two conditions. After 8 days of culture, constructs grown with simultaneous perfusion and electrical stimulation exhibited substantially improved functional properties, as evidenced by a significant increase in contraction amplitude (0.23 ± 0.10% vs 0.14 ± 0.05%, 0.13 ± 0.08% or 0.09 ± 0.02% in control constructs grown without stimulation, without perfusion, or either stimulation or perfusion, respectively). Consistently, these constructs had significantly improved DNA contents, cell distribution throughout the scaffold thickness, cardiac protein expression, cell morphology and overall tissue organization compared to control groups. Thus, the simultaneous application of medium perfusion and electrical conditioning enabled by the use of the novel bioreactor system may accelerate the generation of fully functional, clinically sized cardiac tissue constructs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

主动功能性电刺激转车对中重度偏瘫患者上肢功能的影响

目的:探讨主动功能性电刺激转车对中重度偏瘫患者上肢功能的影响。方法:40例中重度偏瘫患者随机分为功能性电刺激转车结合常规治疗组(19例)或常规治疗组(21例)。治疗前后应用上肢Fugl-Meyer (FMA-UE)运动评分(包括近端肢体、腕、手、协调)、改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)分别评定上肢运动功能、肱二头肌及肱三头肌肌张力、日常生活活动能力。结果:治疗前,以上各项评估指标组间比较,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组除肱三头肌MAS及FMA(腕)评分外其余指标均较治疗前增高(P<0.05);试验组仅FMA(近端)较对照组有明显改善(P<0.05),但试验组FMAUE评分超过最小临床重要差异值的比例较对照组多(P<0.05)。结论:主动功能性电刺激转车可促进中重度偏瘫患者上肢近端运动功能的恢复。     

功能性电刺激治疗脑卒中后肩关节半脱位疗效观察

目的　观察功能性电刺激 (FES)对脑卒中患者肩关节半脱位的短期和长期疗效。方法　将 36例脑卒中后肩关节半脱位患者随机分为FES组和肩托组。FES组应用FES刺激患侧肩袖和三角肌 ,每日 1次 ,每次 2 0min ;肩托组只采用肩托保护。治疗前、治疗 2 0d后、治疗 6 0d后 ,分别摄取双侧肩关节X线片及进行指诊。对评测结果进行比较分析。结果　治疗前 2组各项指标差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗 2 0d后 ,FES组肩关节半脱位复位率 ( 5 2 .6 % )显著高于肩托组 ( 17.6 % ) (P <0 .0 0 1) ;而治疗 6 0d后 ,FES组复位率 ( 84.2 % )和肩托组 ( 76 .5 % )接近 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　FES能够在短期内明显提高肩关节半脱位的复位率 ,但长期疗效和肩托治疗无显著性差异。     

Effect of transvenous cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation on cardiac troponin I release

BACKGROUND: Pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation increases cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels which indicates myocardial injury. During implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device, balloon inflation for coronary sinus (CS) venogram, cannulation of CS side branch, and electrode advancement may interfere with CS drainage and, hence, may decrease the washout of toxic metabolites from the heart. Thus, CRT implantation may further increase cTnI levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of CRT implantation on cTnI release. METHODS: We included 10 patients (mean age = 57 +/- 15 years) in whom a successful transvenous CRT system was implanted (CRT group). Twenty patients (mean age = 65 +/- 10 years) who underwent a transvenous pacemaker or ICD implantation were included as the control group. Blood samples for cTnI were drawn at baseline and at six, 12, 18, and 24 hours thereafter. RESULTS: Baseline median cTnI levels were similar in CRT and control groups (0.03 ng/mL vs 0.02 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.1). Postoperative cTnI levels during 24 hours were significantly higher in the CRT group (P < 0.05) by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. Post hoc analysis revealed that cTnI levels were higher at the 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th hours compared to baseline levels (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). There was a significant difference in the area under the curves (AUCs) of cTnI measurements (1.79 hr.ng/mL in the CRT group and 0.78 hr.ng/mL in the control group, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperative cTnI levels were higher after CRT implantation than simple pacemaker/ICD implantation. This may be due to CS manipulation during CRT implantation.     

Feasibility of spinal cord stimulation in angina pectoris in patients with chronic pacemaker treatment for cardiac arrhythmias

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used since 1985 as additional symptom-relieving treatment for patients with severe angina pectoris despite optimal conventional medical and invasive treatment. SCS has antiischemic effects and is safe and effective in long-term use. Several patients with coronary artery disease also suffer from disorders that necessitate the use of a cardiac permanent pacemaker (PPM). The combination of SCS and PPM has previously been considered hazardous because of possible false inhibition of the PPM. To assess if thoracic SCS and PPM can be safely combined in patients with refractory angina pectoris, 18 patients treated with both SCS and PPM were tested. The PPM settings were temporarily modified to increase the probability of interference, while the SCS intensity (used in bipolar mode) was increased to the maximum level tolerated by the patient. Any sign of inhibition of the ventricular pacing was recorded by continuous ECG monitoring. With the aid of a questionnaire, symptoms of interference during long-term treatment were evaluated. No patient had signs of inhibition during the tests. Reprogramming of the pacemaker because of the test results was not needed in any of the patients. The long-term follow-up data revealed no serious events. This study indicates that bipolar SCS and PPM can be safely combined in patients with refractory angina pectoris. However, individual testing is mandatory to ascertain safety in each patient. A testing procedure for patients in need of SCS and PPM is suggested in this article.     

Effect of electrical stimulation on spasticity in hemiparetic patients

Cyclical electrical stimulation has been applied to 10 hemiparetic patients with clinical signs of knee joint spasticity. The programme included 30 minutes of stimulation to the hamstrings followed by another 30 minutes of stimulation to the hamstrings and quadriceps. None of the patients experienced increased spasticity. The reduction in spasticity ranged from none to substantial with some other beneficial side-effects. No conclusions could be drawn as to whether hamstring stimulation is preferred to combined stimulation or to quadriceps stimulation alone. It is suggested that small portable stimulators be introduced for chronic use in spastic patients after an optimum stimulation regimen is individually established for each patient.     

强制性使用运动疗法结合电刺激对脑卒中单侧忽略的作用

目的:观察强制性使用运动疗法结合反馈式功能性电刺激对脑卒中单侧空间忽略患者的临床疗效。方法:脑卒中并伴有单侧空间忽略障碍的患者60例,随机分为2组各30例,对照组给予常规的康复治疗和强制性使用运动疗法训练,观察组在此基础上增加反馈式功能性电刺激治疗,治疗前后均进行二等分线段、删除试验和临摹图形评定,凯瑟琳-波哥量表(CBS)评价法、上下肢Fugl-Meyer评价法(FMA),评估患者的单侧空间忽略程度和运动功能。结果:治疗6周后,2组二等分线段、删除试验和临摹图形试验、CBS、FMA评定均有明显好转(P0.05),且观察组各项评定指标均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:强制性使用运动疗法结合反馈式功能性电刺激治疗可有效改善脑卒中单侧空间忽略患者单侧忽略的程度,提高肢体运动功能,让患者能够更好地参与到日常生活中。