中草药在正畸牙移动牙周组织改建中的作用

背景：正畸牙移动以牙周组织改建为基础和前提,在加快正畸牙移动的外源性因素中,中草药以其资源广,成本低,易提取,作用温和,毒副作用小,不易产生耐药性等优点成为研究的热点。目的：就中草药在正畸牙移动牙周组织改建中的作用等研究进展作一综述。方法：使用计算机检索中国知网,万方医学网及PubMed数据库从建库起至2014年有关促进正畸牙齿移动研究中有关中草药的文献,检索关键词为“中草药,正畸牙移动,牙周组织改建,Chinese herbal medicine, orthodontic tooth movement,Periodontal tissue remodeling”。结果与结论：在中草药促进牙周组织改建的研究中,以灯盏花,丹参,川续断,骨碎补,黄芩苷,夜来香油最为广泛,具有资源广,成本低,易提取,作用温和,毒副作用小,不易产生耐药性等优点。正畸临床治疗中,希望加快正畸牙齿的移动,缩短治疗时间,在使用适宜的矫治力的同时,可适当应用促进牙周组织修复改建的中草药物,改善牙周组织的微循环,增加局部血流量,促进骨形成,抑制骨吸收等。     

微型种植体支抗负载对邻近牙根及牙周组织的影响

背景：微型种植体植入过程中植入的位点和方向、微型种植体加载后的移动、牙齿移动后与微型种植体接触等都将导致牙根的损害。目的：观察微型种植体负载不同周期后与其邻近的牙根和牙周组织的变化,以及牙周组织中骨保护素的表达变化。方法：beagle犬2只,在犬上颌第2,3,4前磨牙和下颌第2,3,4前磨牙及第1磨牙的牙根之间的唇侧牙槽间隔邻近牙根处各植入1枚微型种植体。每只犬各植入微型种植体14枚,上颌6枚,下颌8枚,其中上颌有2枚微型种植体设置为对照组不加载,其余均为实验组加载正畸力。微型种植体植入后2周,通过镍钛螺旋拉簧为微型种植体加载150 g的水平力。分别于微型种植体负载4周、8周后处死beagle犬,完整切取牙齿连同牙槽骨,苏木精-伊红染色观察以及免疫组织化学法检测牙周组织中骨保护素的表达变化。结果与结论：当微型种植体邻近牙根时,牙根表面牙槽骨出现吸收陷窝;微型种植体负载与牙根相向的水平力后,牙槽骨吸收变的更加活跃。当微型种植体接触牙周膜时,牙根表面的牙骨质局部严重吸收甚至达牙本质层。微型种植体接触牙根后负载,大面积的牙骨质全层吸收,牙本质暴露在外并出现吸收。对照组骨保护素出现强阳性表达,8周表达显著;8周实验组的骨保护素阳性表达明显下降（P〈0.01）。结果表明,微型种植体邻近牙根植入后,邻近微型种植体的牙根及牙周组织均受到不同程度的损伤。微型种植体负载与牙根相向的水平正畸力,短期内对牙周组织中骨保护素的表达影响较小,随着负载周期的延长,压力显著抑制了骨保护素的表达。提示当发现邻近牙根植入后,微型种植体不应再负载与邻近牙根相向的正畸力,而应该及时取出待牙根自行修复,避免对邻近牙根的损伤进一步加重。     

丹参酮IIA局部注射正畸牙移动后复发阶段破骨细胞分化因子的表达

背景：近年来,报道了许多药物控制牙齿移动的方法,国内学者将研究方向转向药性相对缓和、不良反应较小的中草药。目的：观察局部给予不同剂量丹参酮ⅡA 后,大鼠正畸牙齿移动后的复发过程中复发程度、牙周组织中的骨保护素及破骨细胞分化因子的表达。方法：选用48只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分成4组,对照组、低、中、高剂量组（分别给予丹参酮IIA 0.36,0.72,1.44 mg/d）。以大鼠前牙做支抗牵引其上颌第1磨牙向近中移动。实验组在加力装置去除前1 d开始,给予丹参酮ⅡA局部注射于第1磨牙远中牙龈黏膜,对照组注射生理盐水,1次/d,连续4周。在加力装置去除时及第1,4周测量上颌第1,2磨牙间距离及测量体质量。4周后处死,取上颌第1磨牙及其牙周组织骨保护素、破骨细胞分化因子免疫组织化学染色。结果与结论：各组大鼠体质量无明显变化。低、中、高剂量组大鼠牙齿移动复发距离小于对照组（P＜0.05）、复发百分率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,且剂量越大复发程度越小,高剂量组复发百分率最低。牙周组织中骨保护素阳性反应灰度积分实验组显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,破骨细胞分化因子阳性反应灰度积分实验组显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。对照组和实验组牙周组织骨保护素/破骨细胞分化因子比率均大于1,高剂量组比率最大。结果表明,丹参酮ⅡA 局部给药对正常大鼠机体体质量变化没有影响,其能有效抑制正畸牙齿移动后的复发程度,在一定范围内,高剂量时效果明显。提示通过调节骨保护素和破骨细胞分化因子的比率来调控破骨细胞,可能是丹参酮ⅡA加速牙周组织改建的分子机制。     

微螺钉种植体支抗法用于口腔正畸对患者牙唇倾角及咀嚼功能的影响

目的：探讨微螺钉种植体支抗法用于口腔正畸对患者牙唇倾角及咀嚼功能的影响。方法：选择2018年6月~2020年6月进行口腔正畸治疗的100例患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各50例。两组均进行口腔正畸治疗,对照组实施微螺钉种植体垂直90°置入,观察组采用微螺钉种植体支抗法。观察至治疗后1年,比较两组牙唇倾角、咀嚼功能及并发症发生情况。结果：观察组治疗后1年上中切牙唇倾角、下中切牙唇倾角均低于对照组,上下中切牙唇夹角高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组治疗后1年咬合力、咀嚼效率均提高,且观察组更高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组并发症发生率为4.00%（2/50）,低于对照组的18.00%（9/50）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：口腔正畸中使用微螺钉种植体支抗法效果确切,利于改善牙唇倾角,提升咀嚼功能,减少并发症发生率。     

不同剂量利塞膦酸钠对正畸大鼠牙根组织中FAK、MMP-2、RANK蛋白表达及牙移动、牙根吸收的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量利塞膦酸钠对正畸大鼠牙根组织中FAK、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、RANK蛋白表达及牙移动、牙根吸收的影响。方法 选择120只SPF级的Wistar雄性大鼠,将120只大鼠按随机数字表法分为4组,包括模型组、利塞膦酸钠低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,每组30只大鼠。高、中、低利塞膦酸钠的每日给药剂量为1、0.5、0.25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,模型组大鼠在相同时间给予0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃。分析4组大鼠不同时间点的正畸牙移动距离、4组大鼠牙根组织形态、牙根组织中破骨细胞的数量、牙根组织中MMP-2、RANK及FAK蛋白表达。结果 实验第7、14、21天,高剂量组的正畸牙移动距离、破骨细胞数量、明显较中、低剂量组、模型组大鼠低,中剂量明显较低剂量组、模型组低,低剂量组明显较模型组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。苏木素和伊红染色后,实验第7天,模型组根分叉压力侧表面的牙骨质不连续,存在骨吸收陷窝,低、中剂量组也出现骨吸收陷窝,高剂量组骨吸收陷窝较浅;实验第14天,模型组的根分叉处、根尖处均有一定吸收,低、中剂量...     

正畸牙移动疼痛控制的临床研究进展

疼痛是正畸牙移动过程中的最常见症状之一.许多研究表明疼痛已成为正畸治疗最主要的障碍和中止治疗最主要的原因之一.寻找正畸疼痛的规律,探讨如何有效地减轻或防止正畸治疗过程中的疼痛,一直是正畸学研究者关注的热点.本文就正畸牙齿移动过程中的疼痛特点以及临床上疼痛控制方法的应用及研究进展做一综述.     

尼古丁对大鼠实验性牙移动牙根吸收的影响

背景：吸烟严重影响牙周组织及牙根的健康,烟草中的尼古丁会加速牙周病患者牙周组织的破坏,影响骨改建,引起骨吸收.而整合素αvβ3参与正畸牙移动过程中的牙根吸收.目的：以整合素αvβ3在破牙骨质细胞的表达量为主要观察指标,初步探讨尼古丁对正畸牙移动牙根吸收的影响.方法：将110只实验SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、生理盐水组以及0.5 mg/kg尼古丁组、0.75 mg/kg尼古丁组、1 mg/kg尼古丁组.后4组上颌第一磨牙施加50 g近中向拉力,同时每日向各组的大鼠腹腔注射一定剂量的尼古丁酒石酸溶液或生理盐水,运用苏木精-伊红染色和免疫组织化学染色,观察各组大鼠上颌第一磨牙加力1,3,5,7,14 d的组织变化情况和整合素αvβ3的表达量.结果与结论：随着加力时间的延长的,牙根周围的牙周膜纤维变形,排列紊乱,炎性细胞浸润,压力侧、张力侧以及根分叉处牙根表面开始出现吸收陷窝、破牙骨质细胞.尼古丁注射的剂量越大,牙根表面的吸收陷窝越多越深,破牙骨质细胞显著增加.免疫组化染色结果显示,除空白对照组外,整合素αvβ3在各个实验组的破牙骨质细胞中表达,并且随着加力时间的延长,其表达强度增强,加力7 d时呈现强阳性表达,加力达到14 d时,表达随之减弱.随着尼古丁注射剂量的增加,整合素αvβ3阳性表达的破牙骨质细胞逐渐增加.结果说明,尼古丁会加重正畸牙移动过程中的牙根吸收,并且可能具有时间依赖性以及剂量依赖性.     

微型种植体支抗正畸对成人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]畸形患者牙齿咬合力及龈沟液MMP2、NO水平的影响

目的探讨微型种植体支抗正畸对成人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]畸形患者牙齿咬合力及龈沟液MMP2、NO水平的影响。方法选取我院成人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]畸形患者97例,采用随机数字表法分为研究组(n=49)、常规组(n=48)。常规组采用口外弓支抗治疗,研究组采用微型种植体支抗正畸,统计比较两组治疗相关指标(上中切牙凸距差、上中切牙倾角差及磨牙移位)、不良反应发生率、矫正前后咀嚼功能、牙齿咬合力、龈沟液基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP2)、细胞因子细胞间黏附分子1(CAM1)、一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果研究组矫正后咀嚼功能、牙齿咬合力高于常规组,龈沟液MMP2、CAM1、NO水平低于常规组(P<0.05);研究组上中切牙凸距差、上中切牙倾角差高于常规组,磨牙移位小于常规组(P<0.05);研究组不良反应发生率6.12%(3/49)低于常规组20.83%(10/48)(P<0.05)。结论微型种植体支抗正畸可提高成人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]畸形患者牙齿咬合力、咀嚼功能,降低龈沟液MMP2、CAM1、NO水平,且安全性高。     

超声波对正畸牙移动速率及牙龈血流量的影响

观察了10例超声波辅助正畸牙移动后的累计移动量，并对牙龈血流量改变进行检测，以期探讨临床应用超声波辅助正畸牙移动的效果和作用机制。     

大鼠正畸牙移动中Toll样受体4在牙周组织中的表达

背景:学者们对正畸力作用下牙周组织的改建做了大量的研究,但对于在大鼠牙齿移动过程中Toll样受体4在牙周组织中表达的研究尚未涉及.目的:研究在正畸牙移动过程中,大鼠牙周组织中Toll样受体4的表达.方法:采用NiTi拉簧建立大鼠正畸牙移动模型,力值50 g.分别于加力后1,3,5,7,10,14 d取正畸牙周组织,检测Toll样受体4的表达.结果与结论:免疫荧光染色显示,正畸加力1 d,牙周组织中Toll样受体4的表达量增强,至加力后5 d时表达量最大,之后逐渐降低,第14天时回落至初始水平.可见正畸力可以刺激牙周组织中Toll样受体4的表达,Toll样受体4可能参与了牙周组织的改建.     

Serum concentration of endogenous G-CSF in women during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy

Abstract. Although granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly used in the field of supportive therapy for cancer treatment, the serum concentration of endogenous G-CSF in healthy women is still obscure due to the low sensitivity (30 pg mL^-1) of the usual enzyme immunoassay. With the development of a highly sensitive (l.0 pg mL^-1) chemiluminescent immunoassay by Kiriyama et al ., we have clarified the changes of serum G-CSF levels in healthy women during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. The G-CSF concentration showed a peak value of 27.3± 2.5 pg mL^-1 (mean±SEM) at the ovulatory phase during the menstrual cycle, which is significantly higher than in all other phases ( P < 0.0001, unpaired t -test). A significantly higher value compared to the menstrual cycle, except during the ovulatory phase, was also revealed throughout pregnancy ( P < 0.0001, unpaired t -test). These results suggest that G-CSF plays an important role in ovulation and the maintenance of pregnancy.     

Sensitization of the trigeminal sensory system during different stages of the rat estrous cycle: implications for menstrual migraine

OBJECTIVES: To determine if the sensitization of the trigeminal system changes after dural activation of the trigeminal nerve during different stages of the rat estrous cycle. BACKGROUND: The specific mechanisms through which ovarian hormones trigger menstrual migraine are currently unknown. Past animal studies have suggested that the response properties of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) may change during the different phases of the rat estrous cycle, but none have been performed in an experimental paradigm for migraine headache. METHODS: Sixty-one cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for these experiments. The stage of the estrous cycle of each animal was identified by examination of the cellular morphology of vaginal lavage. The animals were anesthetized and a 7 mm portion of the skull was removed that was centered over the sagittal sinus. A tungsten electrode was used to record from neurons in the TNC or CI-CIII regions. Only neurons that had both dural and cutaneous receptive fields were used for these experiments. Facial receptive field sizes (RFS) were mapped and neurophysiologic response properties of the TNC/CI-CIII neurons to cutaneous and dural stimuli was ascertained before and after application of capsaicin to the dura. One-way and repeated measure analysis of variance were used to compare changes in RFS and response properties of TNC/CI-CIII neurons from animals during different stages of the rat estrous cycle. RESULTS: When data were analyzed individually for each stage, there was greater enlargement of cutaneous receptive fields and enhanced sensitivity of the trigeminal system to cutaneous stimuli during proestrus as compared to metestrus and diestrus after dural activation with capsaicin (P values <.05). When data were pooled from stages with similar hormonal milieus, the percent change in the response magnitude of TNC neurons to electrical stimulation of the dura was greater and receptive field enlargement was larger from the proestrous/estrous group compared to those from the metestrous/diestrous group after administration of capsaicin (P values <.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is enhanced sensitization of the trigeminal system during the later halves of proestrus and estrus, which represent stages of the rat estrous cycle during and immediately following an abrupt decline in ovarian hormones. If similar changes occur during the human menstrual cycle these results could have important implications for menstrual migraine.     

Inflammatory and endothelial markers during the menstrual cycle

Background The menstrual cycle exhibits a pattern of repeated inflammatory activity. The present study aims to evaluate inflammatory and endothelial markers during the two phases of a menstrual cycle. Methods The study cohort consisted of 102 women with regular menstrual cycles. Inflammatory and endothelial markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6], pentraxin-3 [PTX-3], hs-C reactive protein [hs-CRP], sE-selectin, sP-selectin, intracellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules [ICAM-1 and VCAM-1] and cathepsins L, B and S) were measured during the early follicular and the late luteal phase of a normal menstrual cycle. Results Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) and hs-CRP were significantly higher during the follicular phase compared to the luteal phase (p?p?=?0.025). The other inflammatory and endothelial markers, with the exception of cathepsin B, were higher, albeit not significantly, during the follicular phase. Conclusions Inflammatory activity, expressed mainly by members of the pentraxin family, is higher during the early follicular compared to the luteal phase. This could be associated to menstruation but the exact mechanisms behind this pattern are unclear and might involve the ovarian hormones or an effect on hepatocytes.     

Hormones, menstrual distress, and migraine across the phases of the menstrual cycle

OBJECTIVE: The primary objectives of the present study were to (1) contrast reproductive hormone levels and ratings of menstrual distress of female migraineurs with those of a control group in each menstrual cycle phase, (2) examine correlations between hormone levels and migraine frequency, severity, and migraine-related disability, and (3) examine correlations between menstrual distress and migraine frequency, severity, and migraine-related disability. A secondary objective was to evaluate the validity of a migraine disability measure modified to reflect 7-day recall. BACKGROUND: Further controlled, prospective study is needed regarding the temporal relationships between reproductive hormones at each stage of the menstrual cycle and fluctuations in migraine activity across the cycle. METHODS: Twenty-three women (17 with migraine, 6 control participants) completed laboratory hormone assays and measures of menstrual distress and disability at each phase of one menstrual cycle, and monitored their headache activity daily during the same cycle. Results.-The migraine group evidenced lower premenstrual luteinizing hormone and more menstrual distress symptoms at each phase of the menstrual cycle. Hormones were associated with migraine activity and disability within cycle phases, and across phases in a time-lagged manner. Menstrual distress was associated with ovulatory phase migraine activity and with migraine-related disability across the menstrual cycle. A retrospective 7-day migraine disability measure appeared to be a consistently valid index. CONCLUSIONS: Both reproductive hormones and menstrually related distress appear to predict migraine activity and disability. These associations were evident not only for perimenstrual migraine, but also for migraine at each phase of the menstrual cycle.     

Homocysteine during the menstrual cycle in depressive women

BACKGROUND: Two possible factors that may have a causal relation with both depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease are elevated homocysteine and steroid hormones. Our previous study found significant changes in the plasma homocysteine concentration during the menstrual cycle in healthy women. The purpose of this study therefore was to test homocysteine in depressive women treated with fluoxetine during the menstrual cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen premenopausal women suffering from mixed anxiety-depressive disorder and a control group of 15 healthy women were enrolled in this study. The homocysteine concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, and estradiol, progesterone and cortisol by RIA methods. RESULTS: We found significantly higher plasma homocysteine concentrations in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in both the depressive group (P < 0.003) and the controls (P < 0.0009). Moreover, the patient values of total homocysteine were significantly higher in the follicular phase (P < 0.03) and also in the luteal phase (P < 0.007) than the values of the controls. Estradiol and cortisol were significantly higher in the follicular phase of the patients compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: According to our results, women suffering from mixed anxiety-depressive disorder have not only significantly different concentrations of homocysteine in the follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle but also higher plasma homocysteine compared with healthy women. More elevated homocysteine in the depressive than in the healthy premenopausal women points to the notion that psychological factors might be important when considering the homocysteine concentration.     

Promoting the menstrual health of adolescent girls in China

In China, nurses have limited presence in schools, thus, adolescent girls often lack accurate information about menstrual health, which may lead to incorrect and unhealthy menstrual‐related behavior. This study investigated the effects of a culturally and developmentally tailored nursing intervention on the menstrual health of adolescent girls in China. Following institutional review board approval, adolescent girls aged 12–15 were recruited from two schools. A quasi‐experimental, pretest‐posttest design examined the effects of five interactive education sessions on menstrual health. The final sample included 116 adolescent girls. Significant improvement was observed in the intervention group regarding menstrual knowledge, confidence in performing menstrual healthcare behavior, and dysmenorrhea related self‐care behavior. A nurse‐managed education program improved adolescent girls' menstrual knowledge, promoted a more positive attitude, encouraged confidence, and improved pain relief practice. We recommend that professional nurses globally advocate for school nursing and routine menstrual health education for adolescent girls.     

不同月经周期人子宫内膜细胞的体外培养特性及鉴定

目的通过原代培养人子宫内膜细胞,进而建立正常子宫内膜的体外模型,同时观察不同月经周期内膜细胞的培养特性。方法选择因子宫肌瘤而行子宫全切术的12例患者,取子宫内膜细胞进行分离、纯化和培养。并用免疫细胞化学法进行鉴定。结果 12例患者中10例培养成功,在不同月经周期取材的内膜标本其培养细胞生长的数量、质量、成活率及形态上无明显差异;免疫细胞化学法结果显示,间质细胞CK19染色阴性,Vimentin染色阳性,阳性率90%,阳性细胞胞质呈棕黄色;腺上皮细胞CK19染色阳性,Vimentin染色阴性,阳性率85%,阳性细胞胞质染成棕黄色。结论本实验成功对子宫内膜细胞进行了体外的分离培养及鉴定,为研究细胞的生长、分化和代谢以及性激素的作用机制提供了一个理想的实验模型,同时认为内膜细胞的各种培养特性不存在明显的月经周期性改变。     

Influence of menstrual cycle on QT interval dynamics

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the menstrual cycle on QT interval dynamics and the autonomic tone in healthy women. METHODS: Holter ECGs were recorded in 11 healthy women aged 18-32 years during the follicular and luteal phases of their regular menstrual cycle. The interval from QRS onset to the apex (QaT) and to the end of the T-wave (QeT), the interval between the apex and the end of the T-wave (Ta-e), and RR intervals were measured automatically in the course of 24 hours by Holter ECGs. The QeT/RR, QaT/RR, and Ta-e/RR relationships were evaluated in each subject. The autonomic tone was assessed by the serum catecholamine level at rest and heart rate variability was measured by Holter ECGs. RESULTS: (1) The follicular and luteal phases did not differ significantly with respect to the slopes of the QeT/RR, QaT/RR, and Ta-e/RR relationships. However, QeT and QaT intervals were significantly shorter for all RR intervals in the luteal than in the follicular phase (P < 0.0001). (2) The serum progesterone concentration was significantly higher in the luteal than in the follicular phase (P < 0.001). (3) Noradrenaline was significantly higher in the luteal than in the follicular phase (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the follicular and luteal phases with respect to heart rate variability measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the menstrual cycle affects the QT intervals. The observed shorter QT interval during the luteal than the follicular phase may be attributable to the increase in serum progesterone and sympathetic tone.     

Human carbonic anhydrase I concentration in erythrocytes during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle

Carbonic anhydrase I (HCAI) concentrations were measured in erythrocytes (RBC) taken from nine women at intervals throughout their pregnancies and from thirteen normal women during the menstrual cycle. No significant changes in RBC HCAI concentrations were found in any instance. Small changes which were found in RBC HCAI concentrations were within experimental error and did not correlate with any other measured parameter. Changes in RBC HCAI concentrations in six men over a four-week period were of similar order to that found in the thirteen normal women over a similar length of time.     

Sudomotor and vasomotor activity during the menstrual cycle with global heating

Many studies have reported that there are changes in sympathetic activity throughout the menstrual cycle as there are oestrogen receptor in the hypothalamus and all other parts of the sympathetic nervous system. The purpose of this study was to see whether there were variations in sympathetic activity, skin vasomotor and sweat gland sudomotor rhythms during the menstrual cycle. Eight young female subjects with a regular menstrual cycle participated in the study. Subjects were tested once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Skin blood flow and sweat rate were significantly higher in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase (p < .05), but the frequency and magnitude of sudomotor and vasomotor rhythms were significantly greater in the follicular phase (p < .05). In contrast, spectral data showed less sympathetic activity in the luteal phase. A significant finding here is that the sudomotor rhythm of sweat glands is altered by the menstrual cycle.