不同pH值纳米羟基磷灰石复合根充糊剂的体外抑菌性

背景：目前临床应用的根管充填糊剂抗菌作用有限,仃仵组织刺激性强、成形困难、根管封闭性较差及易降解等缺点。目的：比较不同pH值纳米羟基磷灰石复合根充糊刺对感染根臀常见菌的体外抑菌作用。方法：建立体外根管粪肠球菌、白色念球荫感染模型,评价pH8纳米羟基磷灰石糊剂、pH9纳米羟幕磷扶“糊剂、pH10纳米黔基磷灰钉糊刑存离体牙根管内的抗菌作用,并以氧化锌丁香油做对照。结果与结论：所有根充糊剂均其有抑荫作用。各pH值纳米砼基磷灰石糊剂对粪肠球菌抑制作用实验组优于氧化锌丁香油组（P〈0．05）,不同pH值纳米羟慕磷灰石纰组间比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。而对白色念珠芮抑制作用各pH值纳米羟基磷灰石组不及氧化锌丁香油组（P〈0．05）,各pH值纳米羟基磷灰石组组间比较,pH10纳米羟基磷灰石组〉pH9纳米羟堆磷灰秆组〉pH8纳米羟基磷灰石组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,感染根管模型中,纳米羟基磷灰石根充糊剂对粪肠球菌的抑制作用好于氧化锌丁香油（P〈0．05）,而对白色念珠菌的抑制作用不及氧化锌丁香油（P〈0．05）。pH=10纳米胫基磷灰石复合根充糊剂的抑菌作用最佳。     

三种新型糊剂类根管充填材料在根管治疗中的应用

目的:总结近年3种新型糊剂类根管充填材料(Cortisomol、Vitapex、AH-Plus)在根管治疗中的应用现状.方法:由作者应用计算机检索维普数据库中与3种糊剂类根管充填材料(Cortisomol、Vitapex、AH-Plus)在根管治疗中应用相关的文章,检索时限2006-01/2010-08.检索关键词:Cortisomol;Vitapex;AH-Plus;根管治疗;根管充填;并发症.纳入标准:①糊剂类根管充填材料在根管治疗中应用的文章.②实验结果叙述与材料有关的并发症问题.排除标准:重复研究或较陈旧文献.根据纳入排除标准共保留相关文献19篇.结果:Cortisomol、Vitapex、AH-Plus较以往常用的氧化锌丁香油糊剂有着较为突出的优势,术后的失败率均明显低于ZOE氧化锌丁香油糊剂,三者之间又各有其特点,Cortisomol对于根尖封闭的作用最为突出,而Vitapex在乳牙根管治疗中的作用无可替代,AH-Plus作为三者中最新型的糊剂类根充材料,相关的研究较少,其特点尚待进一步研究确认.结论:Cortisomol、Vitapex、AH-Plus 3种材料的根管治疗成功率均较高,值得在临床推广使用.同时,3者又有其不同的特点和用途,在治疗中应加以选择性的应用.     

两种根充糊剂用于乳牙根管充填的疗效

目的比较Vitapex糊剂与氧化锌丁香油糊剂用于乳牙根管充填的临床疗效。方法用两种根管充填材料对乳牙进行根管充填,实验组124颗牙用Vitapex糊剂,对照组112颗牙用氧化锌丁香油糊剂。结果两种根充糊剂在临床上均取得了较满意的疗效,实验组平均有效率为96.8%,对照组平均有效率为89.3%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两种糊剂用于乳牙根管充填均有可靠的临床疗效。但Vitapex糊剂疗效优于氧化锌丁香油糊剂,且操作更简单、方便。     

纳米羟磷灰石/聚酰胺66糊剂根充术后疼痛的临床观察

目的 观察比较纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66糊剂(nHA)根充术后疼痛情况.方法 不可复性牙髓炎及牙外伤患者共183颗患牙进行根管治疗,分氧化锌组、vitapex组、nHA组糊剂+牙胶尖充填.充填后3d复诊,检查记录疼痛情况.结果 急性反应率分别为:nHA组2.08％,vitapex组3.13％,ZOE组16.90％,nHA组和vitapex差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),nHA、vitapex组和ZOE组均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 nHA糊剂和Vitapex根充糊剂充填术后急性反应程度好于氧化锌丁香油糊剂.nHA糊剂有一定的应用前景.     

含羟基磷灰石糊剂充填根管的临床观察

目的：观察羟基磷灰石糊剂用于治疗慢性根尖周炎的临床效果。方法：将１０８颗患慢性根尖周炎患牙按病变程度随机分为两组行根管充填术,一组用含羟基磷灰石糊剂进行充填,另一组用氧化锌丁香油糊剂进行充填。于根管充填后半年及一年进行随访观察,检查患牙的临床及Ｘ线表现。结果：含羟基磷灰石糊剂根管充填的患牙半年及一年后的临床治愈率分别为７４．０％及８３．３％。氧化锌丁香油糊剂根管充填的患牙半年及一年后临床治愈率为１     

纳米羟基磷灰石根管充填材料的生物相容性及细胞毒性实验

背景：传统的根管充填材料主要有氧化锌类、树脂类、磷灰石类和氢氧化钙类等,它们分别存在组织刺激性强、成形困难、根管封闭性较差及易降解等缺点。目的：测试牙科纳米羟基磷灰石根充材料的细胞毒性和细胞增殖性,评价其作为新型根充材料的可行性。设计、时间及地点：细胞毒理学体外对比观察,于2008-01/03在湖州师范学院细胞工程研究所完成。材料：采用DMEM培养液配制80,40g/L纳米羟基磷灰石根充糊剂浸提液。方法：体外培养成骨细胞,培养至70%～80%贴壁、生长良好,然后分为4组：80,40g/L浸提液组在培养基中添加80,40g/L的纳米羟基磷灰石根充糊剂浸提液,阳性对照组添加60g/L根管充填剂（充填用复方麝香草酚散甲醛甲酚复合制剂）糊剂浸提液,以无添加物的浸提液为阴性对照组。4组均置于37℃、体积分数为0.05的CO2细胞培养箱中培养。主要观察指标：倒置相差显微镜观察各组细胞形态变化和生长状况;培养后1,3,5,7dMTT法测试各组细胞吸光度,并计算细胞增殖度,评价细胞毒性。结果：80,40g/L浸提液组的A值比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,随培养时间延长,A值都逐渐增高,2组各时间点A值与阴性对照组比较差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）;阳性对照组各时间点A值均低于其他3组（P〈0.05）。80,40g/L浸提液组的细胞增殖都与阴性对照组走势相似,与阳性对照组差别明显。纳米羟基磷灰石根充材料细胞毒性分级与阴性对照同为0～1级,阳性对照毒级为4级。结论：纳米羟基磷灰石根充材料体外细胞毒性实验阴性,有很好的安全性和良好的生物相容性,将可能取代传统的根管充填剂糊剂,作为根充材料具有可行性。     

Vitapex在根管治疗术中的疗效观察

目的对比两种根充糊剂在根充后的反应及1年后临床疗效。方法选择符合根管治疗适应证的患慢性根尖周炎的恒磨牙234颗,随机分为两组,分别用氧化锌丁香油加碘仿糊剂加牙胶尖充填根管治疗117颗,及Vitapex加牙胶尖根管治疗117颗为对照。观察术后1周内的急慢性反应及术后1年的临床疗效。结果术后1周内Vitapex组急性反应少,术后1年临床疗效两组无明显差异。结论Vitapex是目前根管治疗中较为理想的一种根充材料。     

乳牙根尖周炎一次法根管治疗的临床观察

目的:探讨窦道型乳牙根尖周炎患牙的治疗方法.方法:将312例患儿的336颗有窦道的急慢性根尖周炎的乳牙患牙随机分成A、B、C 组,A组使用成品氢氧化钙碘仿(Vitapex)糊剂一次法根充,B组使用氧化锌丁香油糊剂一次法根充,C组使用氧化锌丁香油糊剂多次法根充.术后定期复诊,对比其临床和X线片表现.结果:术后2周A组的成功率明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);三组成功率在术后6个月及1年的差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05).结论:Vitapex糊剂一次法用于乳牙根管治疗的疗效理想,操作方便,可减少就诊次数,缩短疗程,建议临床推广.     

两种根充糊剂用于根管充填后的疗效比较

背景:理想的根管充填材料应具有良好的生物相容性及根尖封闭性,根充后有持续的消毒作用、与根管壁密合充填后体积不收缩、能促进根尖组织的愈合等特性.目的:对比观察AH plus糊剂和氧化锌丁香油糊剂用于根管充填后的疗效.设计、时间及地点:临床病例观察,病例来自于2007-09/2008-04桂林市口腔医院.对象:选取需行根管治疗的患者308例,随机分为观察组152例,对照组156例.方法:观察组以AH plus根管糊剂为根管封闭剂,对照组使用氧化锌丁香油糊剂为封闭剂,分别加牙胶尖进行根管充填.在术后1周、6个月、12个月进行追踪观察,对结果进行统计学分析.主要观察指标:两组患者的根管充填情况、术后疼痛程度、术后6个月及12个月的疗效.结果:术后1周AH plus糊剂组疼痛发生率及疼痛程度明显低于氧化锌丁香油糊剂组(P＜0.05),术后6个月及12个月的成功率差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:AH plus糊剂术后疼痛反应小,远期疗效较好,生物相容性较好,是理想的根管充填材料.     

两种根管充填材料的封闭性能比较

背景:封闭能力是一个理想根管封闭剂应具备的至关重要的性能,因此在评价根管充填材料时,应首先考虑根管封闭性.目的:比较临床常规使用的标准牙胶尖和Thermafil热牙胶两种根管充填材料的根管封闭性能.方法:分别采用标准牙胶尖与氧化锌丁香油糊剂侧方加压充填根管和Termafil热牙胶充填根管,利用染料渗漏法及扫描电镜观察两种根管充填材料对根尖孔的封闭能力及其与根管壁之间的密合度.结果与结论:标准牙胶尖+氧化锌丁香油糊剂组和Thermafil组染料渗透的长度分别为(4.70+1.46)mm和(1.46+0.55)mm;标准牙胶尖+氧化锌丁香油糊剂组和Thermafil组材料与根管壁的微缝隙宽度分别为(7.84+5.32)μm和(2.40+1.88)μm,统计结果显示两组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).提示Termafil热牙胶充填根管较标准牙胶尖加氧化锌丁香油糊剂侧方加压充填根管的密合度和封闭性好.     

四种根管封闭剂的体外抑菌性能

背景:根管封闭剂的抑菌性能有助于去除残留于根管内的微生物,是影响根管治疗预后的一项重要因素。目的:检测AHplus、Vitapex、Guttaflow及Endomethasone等4种根管封闭剂的体外抑菌性能。方法:采用琼脂扩散实验测定AHplus、Vitapex、Guttaflow及Endomethasone等4种根管封闭剂、盐酸米洛环素或咪康唑霜剂(阳性对照)组及生理盐水(阴性对照)组对粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及白色念珠菌等微生物的体外抑制作用,24h后检测各组材料抑菌环的大小。结果与结论:Endomethasone根管封闭剂对上述4种微生物均有良好的抑制作用,但其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及白色念珠菌的抑制作用显著低于阳性对照组(P<0.01),对粪肠球菌的抑制作用强于阳性对照组(P<0.01)。AHplus根管封闭剂仅对白色念珠菌有抑制作用,但抑制作用显著小于Endomethasone根管封闭剂及阳性对照组(P<0.01)。Vitapex及Guttaflow根管封闭剂对上述4种微生物无抑制作用;表明Endomethasone根管封闭剂的体外抑菌作用最强,AHplus根管封闭剂次之,而Vitapex及Guttaflow根管封闭剂无体外抑菌作用。     

Antimicrobial activities of some tetrahydronaphthalene-benzimidazole derivatives

Novel retinoid derivatives containing a benzimidazole moiety were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activity. Their antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida krusei and Candida albicans were evaluated. While some of the compounds exhibited moderate activity against MRSA, S. aureus, E. faecalis, C. krusei and C. albicans, none of the compounds showed activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa.     

Antimicrobial characterization of human beta-defensin 3 derivatives

Human beta-defensin 3 (hBD3) is a highly basic 45-amino-acid protein that acts both as an antimicrobial agent and as a chemoattractant molecule. Although the nature of its antimicrobial activity is largely electrostatic, the importance of the molecular structure on this activity is poorly understood. Two isoforms of hBD3 were synthesized: the first with native disulfide linkages and the second with nonnative linkages. In a third synthetic peptide, all cysteine residues were replaced with alpha-aminobutyric acid, creating a completely linear peptide. A series of six small, linear peptides corresponding to regions of hBD3 with net charges ranging from +4 to +8 (at pH 7) and lengths ranging from 9 to 20 amino acids were also synthesized. The linear full-length peptide showed the highest microbicidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while all three full-length forms showed equal activity against Candida albicans. The linear peptide also showed high activity against Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Peptides corresponding to the C terminus showed higher activities when tested against E. coli, with the most active peptides being the most basic. However, only the peptide corresponding to the N terminus of hBD3 showed any activity against S. aureus and C. albicans. Further, N-terminal deletion mutants of native hBD3 showed diminished activities against S. aureus. Thus, the antimicrobial properties of hBD3 derivatives are determined by both charge and structure.     

Influence of mucin on the activity of the antiseptic Lavasept against Staphylococcus aureus

BACKGROUND: Lavasept, containing the polymeric biguanide polyhexanide, may be effective against Staphylococcus aureus colonizing the nasal mucosa. To obtain basic data on its suitability for that purpose, its antimicrobial activity was examined in the presence of mucin. METHODS: A disk diffusion test was applied using Mueller-Hinton agar, and disks soaked with a therapeutic and a 10-fold higher concentration of Lavasept. Commercially available mucin preparations from porcine stomach were added to the test system. Reference strains and 20 clinically isolates of S. aureus, and reference strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans were tested. RESULTS: Supplementation of the test medium with 1% mucin completely abolished the activity of disks loaded with the therapeutically used concentration of the antiseptic. The neutralizing effect of mucin occurred with all test strains. CONCLUSIONS: The inactivation of Lavasept by mucin may hamper a reliable clearance of nasal S. aureus carriage.     

In vitro activity of a new cephalosporin,RWJ-54428, against streptococci,enterococci and staphylococci,including glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

The need for new antimicrobial agents with activity against Gram-positive organisms has become increasingly important because of emerging resistance. We compared the activity of a new b-lactam antimicrobial agent, RWJ-54428 (MC-02 479), with representatives of other classes of antimicrobial agents against 76 Staphylococcus aureus (including four glycopeptide- intermediate strains), 50 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 20 Enterococcus faecalis, 20 Enterococcus faecium, 10 Enterococcus gallinarum/Enterococcus casseliflavus, 54 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 22 viridans streptococcal isolates. The MIC(90) of RWJ-54,428 was < or = 2 mg/L for all groups of bacteria tested except E. faecium. The activity against four strains of glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus was similar to that for other methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (range 0.5-2.0 mg/L).     

枸杞子浸出液对临床分离耐药菌体外抗菌活性的研究

目的探讨枸杞子浸出液对临床分离耐药菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、粪肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、白色念珠菌)的体外抑菌作用。方法制备不同浓度枸杞子浸出液,采用稀释法测定浸出液对临床分离耐药菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果不同浓度枸杞子浸出液对耐药菌均有一定程度抑菌效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和粪肠球菌的抑菌作用强,对肺炎克雷伯菌和白色念珠菌的相对较弱。结论枸杞子不同浓度浸出液对临床分离耐药菌有明显的体外抑菌效果,为进一步全面开发枸杞子药物价值提供依据。     

7种中药抗菌产品的体外抗菌效果观察

目的了解7种含不同中草药成分的抗菌产品的体外抗菌效果。方法采用抑菌环试验方法进行了实验室观察。结果7种抗菌产品原液对金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌作用。7种抗菌产品中,产品1、4、5和7对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌均有抑菌作用;产品2对大肠埃希菌无抑菌作用,产品2、3和6对白色念珠菌无抑菌作用。结论所试验的7种抗菌产品多数有抑菌作用,不同种类的中草药对不同的试验菌抗菌作用不同。     

Antibiotics and prevention of microbial colonization of catheters.

Slime-producing staphylococci frequently colonize catheters, and when they are embedded in biofilm, they become resistant to various antibiotics. In the study that is described, the comparative efficacies of vancomycin, clindamycin, novobiocin, and minocycline, alone or in combination with rifampin, were tested in an in vitro model of colonization. The model consisted of the modified Robbins device with antibiotic-impregnated cement filling the lumen of catheter segments. The synergistic combination of minocycline and rifampin was the most efficacious in preventing bacterial colonization of slime-producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus to catheter surfaces. A similar trend was observed when the inhibitory activities of polyurethane catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin were compared with the inhibitory activities of catheters coated with other antimicrobial agents. The inhibitory activities of catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis strains, for example, were significantly better than those of catheters coated with vancomycin (P < 0.05). The inhibitory activities of catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin against gram-negative bacilli and Candida albicans were comparable to those of catheters coated with ceftazidime and amphotericin B, respectively. We found that the combination of minocycline and rifampin is unique and highly effective in preventing the colonization of catheters with slime-producing staphylococci and that it also displays a broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against gram-negative bacteria and yeast cells.     

Antimicrobial and antileishmanial activities of hypocrellins A and B

Hypocrellins A and B were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial and antileishmanial activities. Hypocrellin A exhibited promising activity against Candida albicans and moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycobacterium intracellulare. Hypocrellin B showed weak antimicrobial activities. Hypocrellin A exhibited potent antileishmanial activity, while hypocrellin B was only moderately active. These results of promising antifungal and antileishmanial activity of hypocrellin A may be useful for further structure-activity relationship and in vivo studies.