大鼠μ阿片受体及人咪唑啉-1受体在CHO细胞中的共同稳定表达

目的 :建立共同稳定表达大鼠 μ阿片受体及人咪唑啉 1受体的哺乳动物细胞表达系统。 方法 :采用脂质体介导的方法 ,将编码大鼠 μ阿片受体和人咪唑啉 1受体的基因导入CHO细胞中 ,以放射配体 受体结合试验分析受体的表达水平 ,用cAMP积累试验分析表达受体的功能。结果 :在共同稳定表达大鼠 μ阿片受体及人咪唑啉 1受体的CHO细胞中 ,表达的 μ阿片受体对3 H 二丙诺啡 (diprenorphine)的Kd 和Bmax值分别为 (0 .2 4± 0 .0 2 )nmol/L和 (1.83±0 .13)pmol/mg蛋白 ;表达的咪唑啉 1受体对3 H 可乐定的Kd 和Bmax值分别为 (3.72± 0 .2 5 )nmol/L和 (4 3.5 9± 6 .83)fmol/10 6细胞。表达的 μ阿片受体抑制福司科林 (forskolin)刺激下cAMP的积累 ,表达的咪唑啉 1受体抑制吗啡慢性处理、纳洛酮催促引起的cAMP超射。结论 :首次建立了共同稳定表达 μ阿片受体和咪唑啉 1受体的细胞模型。     

原发性肝癌组织生长激素受体的表达

为探讨重组人生长激素 (rhGH)在肝癌患者中的适用问题 ,采用放射配体法对 32例原发性肝癌 (HCC)组织进行了生长激素受体 (GHR)的检测。结果在 2 8例HCC组织检测到GHR ,GHR受体结合容量 (RT)为 (18 430 0± 4 16 33)fmol/mg蛋白 ,平衡解离常数 (Kd)为 (0 6 432± 0 196 1)nmol/L ,与正常肝组织相比 ,其RT降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Kd无显著性改变 (P >0 0 5 ) ;HCC组织GHR的结合容量与肿瘤大小呈负相关 ,而与肿瘤分化程度、患者是否合并肝硬化无明显相关 ;有 4例肝癌组织未检测到GHR存在。研究提示 :大多数原发性肝癌组织仍表达低水平GHR ,在其功能未明的情况下 ,rhGH在肝癌患者中的使用应慎重。     

2型糖尿病血脂正常组与异常组血脂浓度比较

目的 :研究 2型糖尿病血脂异常的临床特点。方法 :分别对血脂异常组和正常组病人于入院次日行空腹血糖、血脂、生化等检查 ,比较两组血脂浓度。结果 :血脂正常组TC 4 4 8± 0 86mmol/L ,TG 1 4 6± 0 4 6mmol/L ,HDL C 1 2 0± 0 2 5mmol/L ,LDL C 2 4 0± 0 75mmol/L ,载脂蛋白B 0 87± 0 2 3g/L ;血脂异常组分别为 4 86± 1 2 8、2 5 5± 1 2 8、1 0 0± 0 2 8、2 98± 1 19mmol/L和 1 0 3± 0 2 8g/L。两组比较差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )或非常显著 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :2型糖尿病血脂异常很常见 ,应积极防治     

地塞米松对M胆硷受体上行调节的特点

M胆硷受体上行调节具有以下特点:(1)用100nmol/L的人工合成的糖皮质激素地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)孵育细胞48h,细胞中M受体量从726.0±25.9增加至1092.0±39.0fmol/10~6细胞,DEX不影响M受体与配基结合的亲和力.(2)DEX的调节作用在一定范围内依赖于时间和浓度,10~(-8)mol/L的DEX达最大效应.(3)DEX可使细胞对标记前体向DNA、RNA和蛋白质的参入量分别增加80.8±5.1%,29.8±3.3%和20.0±3.2%,表明DEX对M胆硷受体的调节作用与促进DNA复制、RNA砖录和受体蛋白质的合成过程有关.     

炎性损伤对肺微血管内皮细胞β-受体的影响

用放射性配基结合分析法 ,测定 β 肾上腺素能受体 ( β AR)在大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞 (RPMVEC)的分布情况 ,并观察炎性损伤对它的影响。结果表明 ,β AR的最大结合容量Bmax为 ( 5 .5 83± 0 .30 6 )fmol/1 0 5 细胞 ,Kd值为 ( 0 .2 7± 0 .0 3)nmol/L ;LPS、TNF和H2 O2 作用后 ,β AR的Bmax均较正常对照组显著降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 )。提示 :RPMVEC胞膜存在高亲和力的 β AR ;LPS、TNF和H2 O2 可引起 β AR的显著下调。     

LAC-HSA-SPIO增强磁共振成像检测大鼠肝癌的实验研究

目的 :探讨利用肝细胞去唾液酸糖蛋白受体 (ASG受体 )介导的LAC HSA SPIO对比剂检测肝癌的可能性。方法 :建立二乙基亚硝胺诱导的大鼠肝癌模型 ( 8例 ) ,获平扫及注射LAC HSA SPIO ( 1.2mgFe/10 0g体重 )后大鼠肝脏双回波SE像 ( 2 0 0 0 /30～ 80 ) ,测定肝实质强化率 (PCE)和肝癌灶信号对比度 /噪声比 (CNR)。结果 :①注药后在T2 WI肝实质PCE为 71.8%± 16.3% ,癌结节为 10 .2 %± 4.8% (P <0 .0 1) ;②增强后PD WI上瘤结节CNR由平扫时 1.6± 0 .3上升至 8.2± 4.6(P <0 .0 1) ,T2 WI癌结节CNR由 4.7± 3.1上升至 8.9± 4.0 ( 0 .0 1

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白细胞滤过器保护肺功能的实验研究

在猫体外循环 (CPB)动物模型基础上应用白细胞滤过器 (LDF) ,探讨LDF在CPB中肺保护的效果。实验组 (6只 )应用LDF ,对照组 (6只 )未用LDF。测定肺内白细胞扣留率 ,肺组织干 /湿重比值 ,用电子自旋共振 (ESR)法直接测定肺组织氧自由基含量 ,测定肺组织丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,观察肺组织超微结构的变化。白细胞滤除率为 0 .93± 0 .0 5 ,与滤过前比较P <0 .0 1。肺内白细胞扣留率对照组明显高于实验组 (P <0 .0 1)。肺组织干 /湿比值对照组为 0 .2 5 8± 0 .0 11,实验组为 0 .6 12± 0 .0 2 3(P <0 .0 1)。在不同时间点对照组氧自由基含量均明显高于实验组 (P <0 .0 1) ;肺组织MDA的变化对照组由阻断前的 0 .5 74± 0 .0 5 1nmol/mg增至 1.371±0 .0 78nmol/mg(P <0 .0 1) ,6 0min后增至 2 .0 89± 0 .10 8nmol/mg ;实验组阻断前为 0 .5 2 3± 0 .0 48nmol/mg ,6 0min后为 0 .5 87± 0 .0 5 6nmol/mg ,实验组较对照组含量低 (P <0 .0 5 )。CPB后两组均可见肺泡水肿 ,有时可见透明膜形成 ,并伴有不同程度的白细胞浸润 ,以对照组最明显。研究表明 ,应用LDF能明显减轻肺损伤 ,具有较好的肺保护效果。     

胰岛素泵与常规胰岛素注射治疗糖尿病疗效比较

目的 :比较胰岛素泵与常规皮下胰岛素注射两种给药方式治疗糖尿病的疗效。方法 :糖尿病80例 ,随机分为胰岛素泵组和胰岛素注射组各 4 0例 ;胰岛素泵组泵用诺和灵R ,以每日胰岛素总量的 5 0 %为基础值 ,由泵持续 2 4h输入皮下 ,每小时胰岛素用量 0 2～ 2 0U。剩余的 5 0 %再按早餐前 2 0 % ,午餐前15 % ,晚餐前 15 %由泵追加注入皮下。胰岛素注射组 ,用国产普通胰岛素三餐前 30min皮下注射 ,诺和灵N睡前皮下注射。两组进行疗效比较。结果 :平均控制天数胰岛素泵组为 1 9± 0 6 71天 ,胰岛素注射组为8 4 7± 3 2 7天 (P <0 0 1) ;平均胰岛素用药量胰岛素泵组为 31 98± 6 36U/天 ,胰岛素注射组为 4 0 4 6±7 2 1U/天 (P <0 0 1)。平均低血糖发生率胰岛素泵组为 1 5 % ,胰岛素注射组为 2 5 % (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :胰岛素泵给药方式的疗效明显优于胰岛素常规注射     

飞行员飞行前后皮质醇、胰岛素、胰高血糖素、甲状腺素和环核苷酸变化的研究

已有资料表明,飞行员飞行可使体内的某些激素发生变化。为进一步研究飞行对体内某些激素的影响,我们用放射免疫法测定男性飞行员(n=38)和地勤人员(n=33)飞行前后血清皮质醇、胰岛素、胰高血糖素、甲状腺素(T_3、T_4)和环核苷酸(cAMP、cGMP)值。结果飞行员飞行前后皮质醇(497.39±148.23对623.81±296.24nmol/L,p<0.05),胰岛素(20.34±9.88对14.95±5.82mU/L,p<0.01),胰高血糖素(72.89±31.72对104.25±58.14mg/L,p<0.01)和cAMP(20.44±8.89对25.49±9.17nmol/L,p<0.05)显著改变,而T_3、T_4和cGMP无明显变化(p>0.05)。地勤人员工作前后仅胰岛素显著降低(19.78±5.03对16.91±2.95mU/L,p<0.01)。飞行前飞行员组和地勤组各激素无明显差异(p>0.05),飞行后飞行员组皮质醇、胰高血糖素和cAMP值高于地勤人员组(p<0.05)。作者认为飞行员的上述变化可能与应激、加速度等有关,研究上述变化有助于我们研究航空航天医学和卫勤保障。     

糖尿病患者甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨血清甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL-C)比值水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法对146例2型糖尿病患者测定空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FBG),TG,HDL-C,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,计算TG/HDL-C比值,并按TG/HDL-C和FBG水平分组,比较组间差异与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的关系。结果糖尿病组TG/HDL-C比值水平(2.531±3.741)显著高于正常对照组(0.898±0.487),差异有显著性(t=4.279,P<0.001)。TG/HDL-C比值增高组HOMA-IR(3.291±2.004)明显高于TG/HDL-C比值正常组(2.403±1.789),差异有显著性(t=2.796,P<0.01)。血糖水平>10 mmol/L组HOMA-IR(3.575±2.216)明显大于血糖水平≤10mmol/L组(2.384±1.584),差异有显著性(t=3.760,P<0.001)。结论糖尿病患者TG/HDL-C比值水平与胰岛素抵抗存在着密切的相关性。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.