成纤维细胞生长因子与器官发育

背景：成纤维细胞生长因子能够影响多种器官组织的形态发生、分化及功能,对多种器官的发育具有决定性作用。目的：综述近年来关于成纤维细胞生长因子在器官发育中所起的作用,为进一步研究器官发育提供理论基础。方法：检索Pubmed（1995/2010）和CNKI（2001/2010）数据库,检索关键词分别为＂fibroblast growth factor,tooth development,kidney development,lung development,salivary gland development＂,＂成纤维细胞生长因子、牙齿发育、肾脏发育、肺发育、涎腺发育＂。纳入与成纤维细胞生长因子结构、功能及其与器官发育相关的研究,同一领域研究则选择近期发表及发表在权威杂志的文章。结果与结论：共收集文献850篇,排除发表时间较早及重复研究文献,共纳入37篇英文文献和2篇中文文献。目前研究发现,牙齿、肺、肾脏、羽毛、毛发、心脏、涎腺的发育都是从上皮与间充质相互作用开始的。成纤维细胞生长因子能够促进上皮和间充质细胞之间的相互作用,诱导两种细胞的增殖并抑制其凋亡,成纤维细胞生长因子与器官发育紧密相关。     

成纤维细胞生长因子与器官发育

背景:成纤维细胞生长因子能够影响多种器官组织的形态发生、分化及功能,对多种器官的发育具有决定性作用.目的:综述近年来关于成纤维细胞生长因子在器官发育中所起的作用,为进一步研究器官发育提供理论基础.方法:检索Pubmed(1995/2010)和CNKI(2001/2010)数据库,检索关键词分别为fibroblast growth factor,tooth development,kidney development,lung development,salivary gland development,成纤维细胞生长因子、牙齿发育、肾脏发育、肺发育、涎腺发育.纳入与成纤维细胞生长因子结构、功能及其与器官发育相关的研究,同一领域研究则选择近期发表及发表在权威杂志的文章.结果与结论:共收集文献850篇,排除发表时间较早及重复研究文献,共纳入37篇英文文献和2篇中文文献.目前研究发现,牙齿、肺、肾脏、羽毛、毛发、心脏、涎腺的发育都是从上皮与间充质相互作用开始的.成纤维细胞生长因子能够促进上皮和间充质细胞之间的相互作用,诱导两种细胞的增殖并抑制其凋亡,成纤维细胞生长因子与器官发育紧密相关.     

Fibroblast growth inhibitor

A new cytokine has been recognized in the conditioned media (CM) of freshly isolated acute myelocytic leukemia cells, cultured with 12-0-tetradecanayl phorbol acetate (TPA) 10(-8)M. The fraction with 70,000 MW was separated from CM by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange cation and anion chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. It was a fibroblast growth inhibitor (FGI). This substance stopped fetal and skin (MALME 3 line) fibroblast propagation. The cytostatic effect was reversible on removal of FGI. At the same time, FGI did not inhibit macrophage proliferation. The fraction stimulated formation of monocytic and granulocytic colonies altered the phenotype of human U-2 osteosarcoma cells grown from epithelial-like to fibroblast-like cells, and stimulated differentiation of leukemic cells along the macrophage path. Some cells of promyelocytic leukemia line HL-60, grown in the presence of FGI, were stimulated to differentiate and some underwent lysis. The response to FGI of cells from different patients varied.     

Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors in hematopoiesis and hematological tumors

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) belong to a family of pleiotropic heparin-binding growth factors. They exert multiple functions on various cell types of mesodermal and neuroectodermal origin, affecting cell proliferation, motility, survival, and differentiation. FGF's exert their activity by interacting with tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFRs) and cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. This article reviews recent studies on the role of the FGF/FGFR system in embryonic hematopoietic development, hematopoiesis, and hematological tumors. FGFs exert both autocrine and paracrine functions in these biological processes by acting on blood cells and their precursors and accessory cells in the bone marrow, including stromal and endothelial cells.     

Fibroblast growth enhancing activity of tumor necrosis factor and its relationship to other polypeptide growth factors

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a monocyte-derived protein cytotoxic or cytostatic for some tumor cell lines. Here we show that highly purified E. coli-derived recombinant human TNF stimulated the growth of human FS-4 diploid fibroblasts. Stimulation of cell growth was demonstrable at a TNF concentration of 10 pg/ml (3 X 10(-13) M). Maximal stimulation was attained at TNF concentrations of 10 ng/ml (3 X 10(-10) M) or higher. Growth-stimulatory activity of TNF was inhibited by an mAb neutralizing the cytotoxic activity of TNF. Growth stimulation was not inhibited by another mAb specific for TNF, lacking neutralizing activity for the cytotoxic activity of TNF. Growth stimulation by TNF was more marked and more sustained in the presence of greater than or equal to 10% FCS than in medium with less than or equal to 5% FCS. Addition of TNF to confluent FS-4 cultures also produced a marked stimulation of cell growth in the presence of fresh FCS, while a much less marked stimulation was seen in the absence of FCS. Stimulation of confluent cultures by TNF in serum-free medium was enhanced by insulin, suggesting that insulin or insulin-like growth factor(s) in the serum can act synergistically with TNF in producing growth stimulation. While the growth-stimulatory effects of TNF and insulin were synergistic, the actions of TNF and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were less than additive, suggesting that TNF and EGF may activate identical or similar pathways. We conclude that stimulation of cell growth is probably a physiological function of TNF, and that the cytotoxic and cytostatic actions of TNF may be the result of an anomalous growth signal transduction in neoplastic cells lacking the constraints of normal growth control mechanisms.     

血管内皮生长因子在激素性骨坏死过程中的变化特点

背景:动物实验显示,激素可导致股骨头内毛细血管明显充盈不良,单位面积内毛细血管密度明显下降,软骨下松质骨内微血管数明显减少,但具体机制尚不清楚.目的:观察激素诱导骨坏死过程中血管内皮生长因子的表达变化.方法:将中国大耳白兔以抽签法随机分马血清加甲基强的松龙组与单纯甲基强的松龙组.参考Matsui的方法制备典型的兔骨坏死动物模型,马血清加甲基强的松龙组经耳缘静脉注射马血清10 mL/kg,间隔2周后,再次相同剂量及方法注射马血清,间隔2周后腹腔注射甲基强的松龙45 mg/(kg·d),连续5 d.对照组腹腔注射甲基强的松龙45 mg/(kg·d),连续5 d.采用RT-RCR技术检测两组用药前、用药后7,14 d,第1次用激素后1,3,7,21,35,49 d骨组织中血管内皮生长因子基因表达,并进行微血管计数.结果与结论:使用马血清后7 d血管内皮生长因子明显增高,此后呈缓慢回落状态,在应用激素后1 d回落到正常用药前水平,随着应用激素时间的延长,血管内皮生长因子mRNA的表达量逐渐减低,以第7,21天为显著(P＜0.05),以后逐渐回升,但不能达到正常水平;微血管计数数量逐渐减少,在21 d时减少最明显,与血管内皮生长因子表达量呈正相关.结果提示糖皮质激素抑制了骨组织中血管内皮生长因子的表达,从而抑制了骨内新生血管的形成,使骨组织局部缺血、缺氧状态难以修复重建:血管内皮生长因子的表达与骨组织微血管数量及骨坏死程度密切相关.     

Vascular endothelial growth factors in retinal and choroidal neovascular diseases

Abstract

Angiogenesis, or neovascularization, refers to development of new vessels from pre-existing vasculature. Retinal and choroidal neovascularization leads to oedema, haemorrhages, and fibrosis, causing visual impairment and blindness. In multiple studies, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to be the most important factor in ocular angiogenesis. Recently discovered anti-VEGF treatments have revolutionized the therapy of neovascular diseases in the eye. These agents have been shown not just to stop the angiogenic process and maintain visual acuity but also improve vision in a great proportion of patients at least during a 2-year follow-up. However, there are also problems with these agents and their delivery regimens, and new therapeutic strategies are needed. This review summarizes the most important growth factors participating in the angiogenic process in the retina and the choroid, diseases where angiogenesis plays the most devastating part causing visual impairment, as well as current antiangiogenic treatments for these diseases.     

Vascular endothelial growth factors in retinal and choroidal neovascular diseases

Angiogenesis, or neovascularization, refers to development of new vessels from pre-existing vasculature. Retinal and choroidal neovascularization leads to oedema, haemorrhages, and fibrosis, causing visual impairment and blindness. In multiple studies, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to be the most important factor in ocular angiogenesis. Recently discovered anti-VEGF treatments have revolutionized the therapy of neovascular diseases in the eye. These agents have been shown not just to stop the angiogenic process and maintain visual acuity but also improve vision in a great proportion of patients at least during a 2-year follow-up. However, there are also problems with these agents and their delivery regimens, and new therapeutic strategies are needed. This review summarizes the most important growth factors participating in the angiogenic process in the retina and the choroid, diseases where angiogenesis plays the most devastating part causing visual impairment, as well as current antiangiogenic treatments for these diseases.     

Seeking normalcy: the experience of coronary artery bypass surgery

The aim of this study was to describe the experience of coronary artery bypass surgery (CAB) from the patient's perspective. A grounded theory method was used to explore the postoperative experiences of eight men and one woman following CAB surgery. The major process individuals engaged in following CAB surgery was seeking normalcy which involved three conceptual stages: surviving, restoring, and being fixed. Some individuals sought other explanations for the symptoms accompanying heart disease. An understanding of patient experiences regarding the nature of cardiovascular disease through the experience of surgery regimens may contribute to the assessment and intervention strategies used by health care providers in the postoperative care of these patients.     

Living with serious mental illness: the desire for normalcy

This article describes the desire for normalcy as experienced by 6 men and 13 women with serious mental illness based on secondary analysis of data from two previous qualitative studies. Original data were collected by structured and semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was done. Major categories of desire for normalcy are having normal things and experiences; doing meaningful activities; and being well, safe, free, and independent. Self-care actions to promote and maintain normalcy are identified, and finding are discussed in relation to Orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing. Implications for nursing theory, research, and practice are addressed.     

改性聚乙二醇水凝胶封装生长因子和内皮祖细胞及其可控性缓释

背景：大量研究表明,为了实现聚合物材料的内皮细胞化,向材料表面负载生物活性因子是一种重要的手段,并且在聚合物材料表面引入人体血管内皮细胞将有助于提高材料的生物相容性。 目的：合成封装碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、血管内皮生长因子和内皮祖细胞的水凝胶,观察生长因子的缓释效果,以及内皮祖细胞在水凝胶中的培养状态。 方法：合成含精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸肽段的聚乙二醇水凝胶,先后加入大鼠内皮祖细胞、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、血管内皮生长因子溶液、基质金属蛋白酶反应底物肽段溶液。将上述水凝胶浸泡于PBS中,每12h用ELISA法检测上清液中生长因子的水平;72h后在水凝胶PBS溶液中再分别加入不同质量的基质金属蛋白酶2（100,1000ng）、基质金属蛋白酶9（100,1000ng）,每12h用ELISA法检测上清液中生长因子的水平。将封装内皮祖细胞的聚乙二醇水凝胶置于培养基中培养5d,消化后用流式细胞仪检测存活细胞数。 结果与结论：12—72h内,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、血管内皮生长因子的释放百分比一直维持在41％左右,72h后分别加入不同质量的基质金属蛋白酶2、基质金属蛋白酶9,发现两种细胞因子的释放百分比呈稳步上升,72h后已达95％以上,且基质金属蛋白酶质量越大两种因子的检测释放百分比越高。培养5d后,在聚乙二醇水凝胶中仍有88．17％的内皮祖细胞存活。表明白组装聚乙二醇水凝胶既可以实现碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、血管内皮生长因子的可控性释放,又可以支持内皮祖细胞的增殖生长。     

磁性附着体衔铁的耐腐蚀性研究

背景：磁性附着体的衔铁长期暴露于口腔复杂的环境中易受各种因素的影响而发生缓慢腐蚀。目的：就衔铁耐腐蚀性能研究方法及影响因素的研究进展作一综述。方法：由第一作者检索Ovid、Science Direct数据库2001-01/2011-12及中国期刊网全文数据库2003-01/2011-12有关磁性附着体及衔铁耐腐蚀性、牙科金属耐腐蚀性的文章,英文检索词为＂magnetic attachment或keeper或dentalmetal＂and＂corrosion或anticorrosion＂,中文检索词为＂磁性附着体,衔铁,牙科合金,腐蚀＂。排除重复性研究及Meta分析,共保留30篇文献进行综述。结果与结论：腐蚀电化学实验及表面形貌研究是是目前普遍的研究方法,腐蚀凝胶法作为一种新的简便易行的检测方法,可用于横向比较研究,微电极技术及Kelvin探针技术不失为一种研究细微局部腐蚀情况的新方法。衔铁应用形式、衔铁本身的合金成分及衔接的根帽合金种类、制作加工工艺、是否加有防护涂层以及患者的口腔情况等都会影响衔铁在口腔内的腐蚀情况。但是目前针对衔铁耐腐蚀性的研究还比较欠缺,主要着重于衔铁本身,而对衔铁根帽等复合结构耐腐蚀性影响的研究还是一片空白,需进一步研究探索。     

Fibroblast growth factor 21: a promising therapeutic target in obesity-related diseases

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone secreted by the liver, adipocytes, pancreas and skeletal muscle. It acts locally but is also a circulating hormone. Administration of FGF21 in animals and humans results in a decrease in body weight, blood triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, with improvement in insulin sensitivity. FGF21 is known to play an important role during fasting and starvation by stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver and inducing lipolysis in white adipose tissues. FGF21 expression is mediated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, while its biological actions are mediated through binding to a complex formed by its receptors and an essential coreceptor, β-Klotho. Serum FGF21 levels are paradoxically elevated in obesity, suggesting a decreased responsiveness. Recent data showed that serum FGF21 level is elevated in hypertension, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, raising the possibility that FGF21 plays a role in the pathophysiology of these diseases.