心脏移植受者IL—2,sIL—2R及TNF—α的动态观察

动态检测了１例接受同种异休心脏移体受者血清中溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平及末梢血淋巴细胞培养上清中的白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）、肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）的生物活性。结果表明，某些细胞因子及细胞因子受体与移植排斥反应有关。     

细胞因子与小儿反复呼吸道感染

目的:为了研究细胞因子在小儿反复呼吸道感染中的作用。方法：本文采用免疫分析技术对反复呼吸道感染患儿血清中ＩＬ－２（白细胞介素- ２）、ＩＬ－８（白细胞介素- ８）、ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ（可溶性ＩＬ－２受体）、ＴＦ－α（肿瘤坏死因子α）、ＴＧＦ－β（转化生长因子-β ）和ＩＣＡＭ－１（细胞间粘附分子- １）等细胞因子水平进行测定。结果：患儿血清中ＩＬ－２,ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ,ＩＬ－８,ＴＮＦ—α及ＩＣＡＭ—ｌ水平均显著高于正常对照（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：细胞因子的释放与患儿反复呼吸道感染有关。     

皮肤T细胞性淋巴瘤患者血清sIL-2R和TNF_α及其sTNF-R Ⅰ的检测与临床意义

目的探讨可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）、肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）及其可溶性受体Ⅰ型（ｓＴＮＦ－ＲⅠ）在皮肤Ｔ细胞性淋巴瘤（ＣＴＣＬ）发病机制中的作用。方法采用单克隆和多克隆双抗体夹心法,测定ＣＴＣＬ患者和对照组血清标本中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＴＮＦα和ｓＴＮＦ－ＲⅠ,同时测定血清乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）水平。结果ＣＴＣＬ患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,同时ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ增高的比例在不同的临床分期中也不同,其中,血清中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ在Ⅳ期病人中明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期（Ｐ＜０．０５）。治疗有效时,ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平下降。ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与血ＬＤＨ无相关性。ＴＮＦα水平明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ｓＴＮＦ－ＲⅠ除个别升高外,大部分在正常范围内,且与分期无相关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论测定血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ可作为ＣＴＣＬ患者病情判断、疗效观察及估计预后的生物学指标。而ＴＮＦ的升高,表明细胞因子参与了肿瘤的发生和发展。     

慢性乙型肝炎血清中TNF,IL—2和sIL—2R表达的研究

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）和可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）在乙肝发病机制中的作用,为临床诊断、治疗和判断预后提供有指导意义的实验检测指标。方法 用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－２及ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ进行检测。结果 慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中ＴＮＦ、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ表达显著地正常对照组,Ｐ〈０．００１,而ＩＬ－２的表达则明显低于正常对照组,     

脑梗塞患者血清细胞因子水平的研究

探讨白细胞素６（ＩＬ－６）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）及可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）在脑梗塞发病中的作用及临床意义。方法：采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法对４６例脑梗塞患者血清ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ及ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平同时进行了检测。结果：脑梗塞组急性期血清ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ及ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ参予了脑梗塞发生后病理变化过程，检测血清ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ及ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ上脑梗塞容积大小有一定的临床意义。     

支气管哮喘患者血清IL-5的测定及其意义

目的：探讨血清白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－５在支气管哮喘发病中的作用。方法：分别收集急性发作期和缓解期哮喘患者及正常对照者血清，以ＥＬＩＳＡ法分别测定其中ＩＬ－５和可溶性ＩＬ－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平，并分析它们之间的关系。结果：急性发作期及缓解期哮喘患者血清ＩＬ－５和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于正常对照组；发作期ＩＬ－５水平明显高于缓解期患者。此外，ＩＬ－５与ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ具有显著的正相关关系。结论：ＩＬ－５参与了哮喘急性发作过程，并可能与哮喘气道慢性炎症的持续存在有关，而其来源可能是活化的淋巴细胞     

呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎患儿血清sIL—2R及INF—α水平变化的初步研究

采用呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）桥联酶标法对１２８例住院肺炎患儿鼻咽分泌物中ＲＳＶ抗原进行检测，检出３５例（２７．３４％）。对其中３０例患儿血清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）和肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）水平进行检测。结果显示ＲＳＶ肺炎患儿血清中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＴＮＦ－α均较对照组明显增高（Ｐ〈０．００１）。重症ＲＳＶ肺炎患儿血清中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ增高更著（Ｐ〈０．００１），而ＴＮＦ－α则无明显     

白细胞介素—8在哮喘发病中的作用

细胞因子在哮喘炎症性疾病中的作用已日益受到重视，为探讨白细胞介素－８（ＩＬ－８）在哮喘发病中的作用，笔者检测哮喘儿童血清ＩＬ－８水平及其与血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）、外周血嗜酸性细胞计数和肺功能呼气峰流速（ＰＥＦ）值的相关性。１对象...     

肿瘤术后患者辅以细胞因子治疗机体免疫状态动态观察

目的：探讨肿瘤术后患者辅以细胞因子治疗对机体免疫状态的影响。方法：采用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ释放法与ＥＬＩＳＡ检测了肿瘤术后患者应用细胞因子ＩＬ－２治疗过程中ＮＫ细胞活性、Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群、可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）及肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦα）水平，并与常规治疗组进行比较。结果：术后肿瘤患者免疫功能呈现一个从暂时抑制到逐渐恢复的过程，接受ＩＬ－２治疗组免疫功能恢复明显快于常规治疗组。结论：肿瘤术     

哮喘患者肺泡巨噬细胞血栓素 A_2 前列环素、肿瘤坏死因子α、白介素 8、10 的释放及药物调节

测定２６例哮喘患者血浆及支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α、ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－８、ＩＬ－１０的水平，并对其肺泡巨噬细胞（ＡＭ）进行加药培养。结果显示，哮喘患者血浆、ＢＡＬＦ中ＴＸＢ２、ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－８水平明显高于正常人，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α与正常人无差异，ＢＡＬＦ中ＩＬ－１０水平低于正常人。患者ＢＡＬＦ中ＴＸＢ２、ＴＮＦα水平与其ＦＥＶ１、Ｖ５０呈负相关。ＡＭ加入不同的药物培养后，与空白组比较，抗原组ＴＸＢ２、ＴＮＦα的释放增加；治疗浓度氨茶碱组ＴＮＦα释放下降，ＩＬ－１０的释放增强；地塞米松组ＴＸＢ２、ＴＮＦα的释放下降。ＩＬ－１０的释放增强；红霉素组ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－８的释放下降。提示ＴＸＢ２、ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－８在哮喘发病中起重要促炎作用，ＩＬ－１０起抗炎作用，氨茶碱、地塞米松、红霉素具有抑制巨噬细胞分泌促炎因子的作用，而抗原具有激发ＡＭ分泌促炎因子的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.