纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯复合大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的生物相容性

背景:纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯是一种具有优良生物相容性和生物活性的典型生物复合材料.目的:分析纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯电纺薄膜作为组织工程骨支架的可行性.方法:采用静电纺丝技术制备纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯电纺薄膜,将其与第3代 SD 大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞复合培养,在地塞米松、β-磷酸甘油钠、维生素C成骨诱导剂诱导下,诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞转化.结果与结论:纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯支架具有合适的微孔结构,且孔道相互贯通.①倒置显微镜观察:复合培养7 d后细胞大部分为梭形,细胞开始分裂;14 d后,细胞生长比较旺盛,数量明显增多,细胞分泌基质并黏附于支架上.②扫描电镜观察:复合培养7 d后大量细胞位于支架孔隙内生长,增殖良好,细胞大多呈梭形,双极突起,形态较佳,呈立体状生长,并分泌基质,有纤维连接蛋白生成.表明纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯支架具有良好的生物相容性,是骨组织工程的良好载体.     

低温快速成型亲水改性复合人工骨支架的性能测定

背景：低温快速成型技术具有支架成型可控性、保持材料生物学活性和易于实现支架材料的三维多孔立体结构等优势,被迅速用于骨组织工程支架的制备。目的：采用低温快速成型制备聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架,并检测其性能。方法：采用低温快速成型设备分别制备聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石与聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架,通过电镜观察支架超微结构,以介质（乙醇）浸泡法测定支架孔隙率,采用电子试验机检测支架力学性能;将两种支架材料分别与大鼠成骨细胞共培养,培养12 h采用沉淀法检测细胞黏附率,培养1,3,5,7,9,12 d采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖。结果与结论：两组支架孔径均在理想范围内并具有较高孔隙率,但聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架的孔径波动范围大,孔径均值较聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架小且部分有闭塞现象。聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架的细胞黏附率及表面细胞增殖活性高于聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架（P＜0.05）,力学性能低于聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架（P＜0.05）。表明聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架具有良好的细胞相容性。     

生长因子缓释系统复合纳米支架材料修复犬下颌骨缺损*

背景:支架材料联合细胞因子构建组织工程骨不受血管化和细胞培养因素的限制,这种构建模式可能诱导出较大体积的实用型组织工程骨.目的:观察壳聚糖纳米微球/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸复合生长因子缓释支架修复犬下颌骨临界骨缺损的能力.方法:取杂种犬12条,制作双侧下颌骨临界骨缺损模型,一侧植入复合生长因子骨形态发生蛋白2、转化生长因子β1及血管内皮生长因子165的壳聚糖纳米微球/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸缓释支架(实验组),另一侧植入壳聚糖纳米微球/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸缓释支架(对照组),术后4,8,12周取下颌骨标本行X 射线、组织学及免疫组织化学检查.结果与结论:实验组术后不同时间点X射线灰度值及骨钙素积分吸光度值均高于对照组(P <0.05),表明复合生长因子的支架材料修复骨缺损的成骨能力优于未复合生长因子的支架材料.组织学观察结果显示,实验组术后不同时间点成骨时间及效果均优于对照组,表明复合生长因子骨形态发生蛋白2、转化生长因子β1及血管内皮生长因子165的壳聚糖纳米微球/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸缓释支架可更快更有效地促进骨缺损修复.     

壳聚糖微球/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸复合支架制备及其蛋白缓释效果:与单纯纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸支架、壳聚糖微球的比较

背景:骨组织工程骨构建中如何使生长因子持续高效发挥作用是影响成骨速度和质量的关键,现多以各种材料的微球或支架作为缓释载体,但缓释作用有待提高.目的:实验拟制备壳聚糖微球,然后复合到纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸羟基乙酸支架上,形成双重缓释作用,并测量对牛血清白蛋白的释放效果.方法:以牛血清白蛋白为模型药物,采用乳化交联法制备壳聚糖微球.将微球与纳米羟基磷灰石、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸按一定比例混合,以冰粒子为致孔剂,采用冷冻干燥法制备壳聚糖微球,纳米羟基磷灰石,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸复合支架.利用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、压泵仪和力学性能测试仪检测复合支架的形态性能,考察药物在缓释支架上的体外释放规律.结果与结论:所制备的壳聚糖微球形态良好,呈规则圆球形,粒径集中分布在20～40 μum,微球药物包封率为86.5%,载药量为0.8%,随牛血清白蛋白初始用量的增加,载药量可升高至2.6%,但包封率下降至74.1%.壳聚糖微球能均匀分布在聚乳酸-羟基乙酸支架上,形成壳聚糖微球,纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸复合支架,孔径为1 00-400 μm,孔隙率>80%,压缩强度为1.1～2.3 MPa,10周降解率为26.5%.单纯纳米羟基磷灰石,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸支架其牛血清白蛋白在36 h累积释放量达85%以上,壳聚糖微球其牛血清白蛋白10 d累积释放量为33.6%,复合支架其牛血清白蛋白40 d累积释放量为81.5%.结果证实包埋壳聚糖微球的纳米羟基磷灰石,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸支架其压缩强度和降解速率合适,对蛋白类药物具有良好的缓释作用,有望作为组织工程的支架材料和生长因子的缓释载体.     

新型纳米纤维支架的细胞生物相容性

背景:高孔隙率聚己内酯纳米纤维支架具有适合血管平滑肌细胞黏附、增殖的多级孔径结构,具有良好的细胞生物相容性.目的:探讨高孔隙率聚己内酯静电纺丝纳米纤维支架的细胞相容性.方法:根据支架的制作工艺不同分为传统支架组、新型纳米纤维支架组两组,另设单纯细胞组为对照组.采用组织块贴壁法体外原代培养兔主动脉平滑肌细胞并进行传代,用3～6代细胞作为实验用种子细胞.应用WST-1法测定平滑肌细胞黏附率、增殖力,光镜及扫描电镜观察细胞形态,评估支架的细胞生物相容性.结果与结论:高孔隙率聚己内酯纳米纤维支架对细胞形态无明显影响,新型支架上的种子细胞黏附、增殖及代谢活性情况较传统支架好.提示,高孔隙率聚己内酯静电纺丝纳米纤维支架具有较高的细胞相容性.     

电纺丝技术制备生物活性复合纤维支架及其体外降解性

背景:聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石类复合材料支架常用的制备方法主要有冷压法、粒子沥滤法、热致相分离法等,但是在增强材料界面的结合、调节材料的降解速率、改善材料的强度等方面仍不能满足要求。目的:制备左旋聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石复合纳米纤维支架。方法:采用静电纺丝法制备聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石复合纳米纤维支架。以扫面电镜对纤维的结构形态进行分析,并观察其在PBS中浸泡不同时间的体外降解过程。结果与结论:羟基磷灰石纳米粒子与聚乳酸/基体间存在化学键合,纳米粒子使纤维直径增大且表面粗糙程度增加,这种结构将有利于细胞在纤维膜上的伸展和和繁殖。羟基磷灰石的引入,抑制了聚乳酸降解过程中的自催化作用,减缓了聚乳酸的降解速度。说明电纺丝技术制备的聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石复合支架在组织工程支架材料方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

聚乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维/纳米羟基磷灰石支架与兔软骨细胞的相容性

背景：传统的支架材料存在疏水性强,材料表面缺乏细胞表面受体特异结合的生物活性分子,材料的酸性降解产物易引发无菌性炎性反应等不足。根据仿生原理及软骨真实结构和构成来选择和制备组织工程软骨支架能够获得理想效果。目的：制备聚乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维/纳米羟基磷灰石支架,评价其与兔膝关节软骨细胞的生物相容性,探讨其应用于关节软骨组织工程的可行性。方法：采用二次相分离技术制备聚乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架,将第3代新西兰兔软骨细胞接种至复合支架材料上复合培养,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞生长情况。细胞-支架复合物在24孔板中培养5d以后,将其植入裸鼠皮下8周。结果与结论：聚乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维/纳米羟基磷灰石支架材料经化学合成后,具有合适的三维多孔结构,孔隙率为90%孔径300-450μm;植入裸鼠皮下8周后Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色和甲苯胺蓝染色显示细胞-支架复合物中的软骨细胞可以像天然软骨一样分泌黏多糖和Ⅱ型胶原。提示生物材料聚乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维/纳米羟基磷灰石对于兔软骨细胞有良好的生物相容性,可作为生物组织工程支架。     

骨组织工程诱导性支架材料修复骨缺损

背景:前期实验中发现载淫羊藿苷壳聚糖/胶原/聚己内酯/羟基磷灰石复合支架具有良好的物理和化学性质。目的:研究载淫羊藿苷壳聚糖/胶原/聚己内酯/羟基磷灰石复合支架修复兔胫骨平台骨缺损的效果。方法:利用静电纺丝技术制备胶原/聚己内酯/羟基磷灰石复合支架壳层,真空干燥法制备载淫羊藿苷壳聚糖微球/胶原支架芯层,将芯层嵌入壳层后利用京尼平交联构建载药复合支架。将载淫羊藿苷壳聚糖微球置入PBS中,观察药物缓释效果。将载药复合支架与大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞共培养7 d,观察细胞黏附效果。取青紫蓝兔15只,复制兔左侧胫骨缺损模型,随机分为3组,实验组于骨缺损处植入载药复合支架,对照组植入胶原/聚己内酯/羟基磷灰石复合支架,空白对照组不植入任何材料。术后4,12,24周行X射线观察、样本大体和组织学观察。结果与结论:载药复合支架具有疏松多孔结构,利于骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附、增殖;壳聚糖微球体外缓释在72 h内保持19%释放量的良好缓释效果。术后24周,实验组材料完全被新生骨组织覆盖,硬度与正常骨相近,苏木精-伊红染色观察发现有骨小梁、骨细胞和成骨细胞,但缺损区骨密度低于正常骨组织;对照组材料被纤维组织包裹,苏木精-伊红染色显示有骨小梁、骨髓细胞和纤维组织;空白对照组呈凹陷愈合,但硬度低于正常骨组织,苏木精-伊红染色可见大量骨髓细胞和骨小梁。结果表明载药壳聚糖/胶原/聚己内酯/羟基磷灰石复合支架能有效修复兔骨缺损。     

电纺丝技术制备生物活性复合纤维支架及其体外降解性

背景：聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石类复合材料支架常用的制备方法主要有冷压法、粒子沥滤法、热致相分离法等,但是在增强材料界面的结合、调节材料的降解速率、改善材料的强度等方面仍不能满足要求。目的：制备左旋聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石复合纳米纤维支架。方法：采用静电纺丝法制备聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石复合纳米纤维支架。以扫面电镜对纤维的结构形态进行分析,并观察其在PBS中浸泡不同时间的体外降解过程。结果与结论：羟基磷灰石纳米粒子与聚乳酸/基体间存在化学键合,纳米粒子使纤维直径增大且表面粗糙程度增加,这种结构将有利于细胞在纤维膜上的伸展和和繁殖。羟基磷灰石的引入,抑制了聚乳酸降解过程中的自催化作用,减缓了聚乳酸的降解速度。说明电纺丝技术制备的聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石复合支架在组织工程支架材料方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸复合骨髓基质干细胞修复兔桡骨缺损

背景:前期试验证实骨髓基质干细胞能够在改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸材料表面黏附、增殖,该材料具有良好的生物安全性。目的:观察骨髓基质干细胞与改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸材料复合修复兔桡骨缺损的效果。方法:建立兔15mm桡骨缺损模型,随机分为3组:空白对照组不进行任何处理,实验组植入改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸+骨髓基质干细胞组织工程化骨,对照组植入单纯改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸支架材料。结果与结论:①X射线评价:术后1～12周,实验组骨缺损修复程度及速度明显优于空白对照组与对照组(P<0.05)。②组织学检测:实验组术后4周即可观察到新生骨和纤维组织长入材料空隙,局部形成陷窝结构;8周时新生骨组织增多,部分可观察到成熟的骨小梁结构;12周时可见大量成熟骨细胞,骨小梁排列紧密,移植材料逐步被新生骨取代,与正常骨组织形态基本一致,且骨小梁出现时间早于空白对照组与对照组。说明骨髓基质干细胞复合改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸构建的组织工程化骨能够促进骨缺损处新骨的生成,较单纯支架材料具有明显优势。     

Study on antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of EPL coated 3D printed PCL/HA composite scaffolds

Biomaterial scaffolds play a critical role in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, 3D printing technology has enormous advantage in the manufacture of bioengineering scaffolds for patient-specific bone defect treatments. In order to provide an aseptic environment for bone regeneration, ε-poly-l-lysine (EPL), an antimicrobic cationic polypeptide, was used for surface modification of 3D printed polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds which were fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. The scaffold morphology and micro-structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The release profile surface roughness, open porosity, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were evaluated. Cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation potential and antibacterial properties were also examined. As a result, 3D printed PCL/HA scaffolds with interconnected pores showed a slightly rough surface and improved mechanical properties due to adding hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. After being modified by EPL, favorable biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of ε-poly-l-lysine/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (EPL/PCL/HA) scaffolds were observed. Moreover, antibacterial activity of the EPL/PCL/HA scaffolds was apparent. As a consequence, the EPL/PCL/HA scaffolds had great potential for bone regeneration and prevention of infections. This would yield a patient-specific bioactive and antibacterial composite scaffold for advanced bone tissue engineering applications.

Biomaterial scaffolds play a critical role in bone tissue engineering.     

成骨诱导人脐带间充质干细胞与纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66支架材料的生物相容性

背景:纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66材料有利于成骨细胞的长入和新生骨的形成、且抗弯强度、抗压强度等各项参数与正常骨组织的力学性能相接近,能满足实验动物硬组织修复的要求.目的:分析成骨诱导后人脐带间充质干细胞与纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66复合支架的生物相容性.方法:体外培养人脐带间充质干细胞,纯化增殖,成骨诱导.取成骨诱导后的第3代人脐带间充质干细胞接种于纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66支架材料上,观察细胞的生长、增殖情况及材料细胞毒性.结果与结论:成骨诱导后人脐带间充质干细胞在复合支架上生长分化良好,增殖活性不受材料影响.成骨诱导14 d内,可见碱性磷酸酶活性随着培养时间延长而逐渐增高.MTT法检测细胞无毒性.扫描电镜观察,1 d后可见细胞在支架表面附着生长;7 d后可见细胞在材料上生长良好,材料空隙有大量充填.说明纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66支架可作为骨组织工程中人脐带间充质干细胞的细胞载体,具有良好的生物相容性,能满足骨组织工程的需要.     

Behaviour of human mesenchymal stem cells on chemically synthesized HA–PCL scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration

Our goal was to characterize the response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to a novel composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. The hydroxyapatite–polycaprolactone (HA–PCL) composite scaffolds were prepared by a sol–gel method at room temperature and the scaffold morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to validate the synthesis process. The response of two different lines of hMSCs, bone‐marrow‐derived human mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation into the osteoblastic phenotype, was evaluated using Alamar blue assay, SEM, histology and alkaline phosphatase activity. Our results indicate that tissue engineering by means of composite HA–PCL scaffolds may represent a new therapeutic strategy to repair craniofacial bone defects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modification of 3D printed PCL scaffolds by PVAc and HA to enhance cytocompatibility and osteogenesis

In the study, a specific material system that contains poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and hydroxyapatite (HA) was used to fabricate porous scaffolds employing a 3D printing technique for bone regeneration. Four groups of 3D printing scaffolds were fabricated: PCL, PCL/PVAc, PCL/HA and PCL/PVAc/HA for comparision. The morphologies, mechanical properties and biological characteristics of these scaffolds were analyzed using SEM, a material testing machine, in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal experiments. The results showed that these 3D printed scaffolds possessed porous channel structures with a hole size of 375–475 μm and porosity of 74.1–76.1%. The compressive moduli of the scaffolds increased with the addition of HA and decreased with the addition of PVAc. The PCL/PVAc/HA scaffold exhibited higher cell proliferation and bone formation rates than other groups (p < 0.001), which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of PAVc and HA components. Two types of new bone formation patterns in the scaffold were found in this study: one is the new bone formed directly on the grid matrix, and the other is the new bone initially formed in the center of the scaffold channel and then remolded to concentric circles. The osteogenesis pattern of the latter is analogous to the osteon structure of a cortical bone. The 3D printed scaffold based on PCL/PVAc/HA tri-component system is a promising prospect for future individualized bone repair applications.

Effects of PVAc and HA on the surface structure of PCL and the in vivo bone repair activity of scaffolds.     

Novel cellulose/hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration: In vitro and in vivo study

Cellulose scaffolds containing nano‐ or micro‐hydroxyapatite (nHA or μHA) were prepared by the regeneration of cellulose from its acetylated derivative and the mechanical immobilization of inorganic particles, followed by freeze‐drying. Microtomographic (micro‐computed tomography) evaluation revealed that both scaffolds presented a highly interconnected porous structure, with a mean pore diameter of 490 ± 94 and 540 ± 132 μm for cellulose/nHA and cellulose/μHA, respectively. In vitro and in vivo characterizations of the developed scaffolds were investigated. Commercially available bone allograft was used as a control material. For the in vitro characterization, osteoblastic cell cultures were used and characterized over time to evaluate cell adhesion, metabolic activity, and functional output (alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblastic gene expression). The results revealed greater spreading cell distribution alongside an increased number of filopodia, higher MTT values, and significantly increased expression of osteoblastic genes (Runx‐2, alkaline phosphatase, and BMP‐2) for cellulose/nHA, compared with cellulose/μHA and the control. The in vivo biocompatibility was evaluated in a rabbit calvarial defect model. The investigated scaffolds were implanted in circular rabbit calvaria defects. Four‐ and 12‐week bone biopsies were investigated using micro‐computed tomography and histological analysis. Although both cellulose/HA scaffolds outperformed the assayed control, a significantly higher amount of newly formed mineralized tissue was found within the defects loaded with cellulose/nHA. Within the limitations of this study, the developed cellulose/HA scaffolds showed promising results for bone regeneration applications. The biological response to the scaffold seems to be greatly dependent on the HA particles' characteristics, with cellulose scaffolds loaded with nHA eliciting an enhanced bone response.     

Loading of BMP‐2‐related peptide onto three‐dimensional nano‐hydroxyapatite scaffolds accelerates mineralization in critical‐sized cranial bone defects

Extrusion free‐forming, as a rapid prototyping technique, is extensively applied in fabricating ceramic material in bone tissue engineering. To improve the osteoinductivity of nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffold fabricated by extrusion free‐forming, in this study, we incorporated a new peptide (P28) and optimized the superficial microstructure after shaping by controlling the sintering temperature. P28, a novel bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP‐2)‐related peptide, was designed in this study. Analysis of the structure, physicochemical properties and release kinetics of P28 from nHA sintered at temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 1400 °C revealed that nHA sintered at 1000 °C had higher porosity, preferable pore size and better capacity to control P28 release than that sintered at other temperatures. Moreover, the nHA scaffold sintered at 1000 °C with P28 showed improved adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells compared with scaffolds lacking P28 or BMP‐2. In vivo, nHA scaffolds sintered at 1000 °C with P28 or BMP‐2 induced greater bone regeneration in critical‐sized rat cranial defects at 6 and 12 weeks post‐implantation compared with scaffolds lacking P28 or BMP‐2. Thus, nHA scaffolds sintered at 1000 °C and loaded with P28 may be excellent biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

成骨诱导人脐带间充质干细胞复合nHA/PA66支架异位成骨作用的实验研究

[目的]探讨了成骨诱导人脐带间充质干细胞(hUCMSCs)复合nHA/PA66支架材料在裸鼠体内异位成骨的情况,为进一步骨缺损动物实验提供理论依据.[方法]将成骨诱导人脐带间充质干细胞接种nHA/PA66支架材料复合培养;分别将成骨诱导后hUCMSCs悬液、单纯nHA/PA66支架材料、成骨诱导hUCMSCs与nHA/PA66支架复合体植入裸鼠背部肌袋内,观察其异位体内成骨情况.术后取材观察HE染色及骨钙素蛋白免疫组织化学染色表达情况并扫描电镜观察其成骨能力.[结果]成骨诱导后hUCMSCs组、单纯nHA/PA66支架材料组在裸鼠背部肌袋中无骨质形成,成骨诱导hUCMSCs与nHA/PA66支架复合体组有骨质形成,同时材料部分降解.[结论]成骨诱导的hUCMSCs与nHA/PA66支架材料复合后制备的生物复合材料在裸鼠体内具有异位成骨能力.     

电纺纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酯酰胺复合支架材料的制备及其细胞相容性

背景:采用静电纺丝技术将功能性无机纳米微粒复合高分子超细纤维,形成类细胞外基质结构和功能的复合支架材料是骨组织工程支架领域一个新的研究方向。目的:通过静电纺丝法构建纳米羟基磷灰石/脂肪族聚酯酰胺复合纤维支架材料,并初步考察其细胞相容性。方法:以静电纺丝法制备纳米羟基磷灰石/脂肪族聚酯酰胺超细纤维支架材料,通过扫描电镜、原子能谱等表面形貌的物相分析,进行细胞在复合材料上的形态学观察。结果与结论:通过静电纺丝法成功制备出纳米羟基磷灰石/脂肪族聚酯酰胺超细纤维复合材料,成骨细胞直接培养于材料上呈现良好生长行为,初步证实了复合支架材料的细胞相容性。说明静电纺丝技术在构建类骨细胞外基质结构和功能的仿生复合材料方面具有独特优势,电纺超细纤维复合材料有望成为新型的骨组织工程支架。     

骨组织工程三维复合支架修复兔桡骨骨缺损

背景：前期实验构建的丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架具有良好的理化性质。 目的：观察丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石三维复合支架修复兔桡骨大段骨缺损的效果。 方法：取新西兰大白兔36只,建立右侧桡骨长段骨缺损模型,随机均分为3组,实验组于骨缺损处植入丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架,对照组于骨缺损处植入丝素/壳聚糖复合支架,空白对照组造模后不作任何处理。术后4,8,12,16周进行X射线摄片、标本大体观察、组织病理学观察。 结果与结论：术后16周,实验组缺损区X射线影像与正常骨组织无区别,骨髓腔完全再通,有明显的骨组织生成,苏木精-伊红染色可见骨小梁和较多核深染的长梭形骨细胞;对照组X射线骨密度影略低于正常骨组织,部分骨髓腔再通,苏木精-伊红染色可见骨细胞周围有不少软骨细胞,未见明显的骨小梁或骨板结构,排列较紊乱;空白对照组断端骨钙化影同正常骨组织一致,断端各自封闭形成骨不连,苏木精-伊红染色可见较多的纤维组织和少量的类骨组织。表明丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石三维复合支架可较好地修复兔桡骨大段骨缺损。     

Composite clinoptilolite/PCL‐PEG‐PCL scaffolds for bone regeneration: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

In this study, clinoptilolite (CLN) was employed as a reinforcement in a polymer‐based composite scaffold in bone tissue engineering and evaluated in vivo for the first time. Highly porous, mechanically stable, and osteogenic CLN/PCL‐PEG‐PCL (CLN/PCEC) scaffolds were fabricated with modified particulate leaching/compression molding technique with varying CLN contents. We hypothesized that CLN reinforcement in a composite scaffold will improve bone regeneration and promote repair. Therefore, the scaffolds were analyzed for compressive strength, biodegradation, biocompatibility, and induction of osteogenic differentiation in vitro. CLN inclusion in PC‐10 (10% w/w) and PC‐20 (20% w/w) scaffolds revealed 54.7% and 53.4% porosity, higher dry (0.62 and 0.76 MPa), and wet (0.37 and 0.45 MPa) compressive strength, greater cellular adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity (2.20 and 2.82 mg/g_DNA/min), and intracellular calcium concentration (122.44 and 243.24 g Ca/mg_DNA). The scaffolds were evaluated in a unicortical bone defect at anterior aspect of proximal tibia of adult rabbits 4 and 8 weeks postimplantation. Similar to in vitro results, CLN‐containing scaffolds led to efficient regeneration of bone in a dose‐dependent manner. PC‐20 demonstrated highest quality of bone union, cortex development, and bone‐scaffold interaction at the defect site. Therefore, higher CLN content in PC‐20 permitted robust remodeling whereas pure PCEC (PC‐0) scaffolds displayed fibrous tissue formation. Consequently, CLN was proven to be a potent reinforcement in terms of promoting mechanical, physical, and biological properties of polymer‐based scaffolds in a more economical, easy‐to‐handle, and reproducible approach.