六味地黄丸方药四种提取液有效成分含量的比较研究

目的：优选六味地黄丸的最佳提取方法。方法：以5-羟甲基糠醛、多糖、干浸膏量为指标,对六味地黄丸的半仿生提取法（SBE法）、水提取法（WE法）、半仿生提取醇沉法（SBAE法）、水提取醇沉法（WAE法）等四种提取方法进行比较。结果：SBE法〉SBAE法〉WE法〉WAE法,即SBE法为最佳提取方法。结论：SBE法可作为六味地黄丸的新型提取方法。     

参附汤方药4种方法提取液的成分比较

目的：选择参附汤方药成分的提取工艺。方法：以人参二醇、人参三醇、总生物碱、酯型生物碱、丹参酮ⅡA、原儿茶醛、总糖、干浸膏为指标，在药材粒度、溶剂量、煎提温度、滤过、浓缩等条件相同的前提下，采用半仿生提取（SBE）法、水提取（WE）法、半仿生提取醇沉（SBAE）法、水提醇沉（WAE）法进行比较研究。结果：8个指标综合评价Y值为：SBE法＞WE法＞SBAE法＞WAE法。结论：参附汤方药成分的提取以SBE法提取为佳。     

交泰丸方药4种提取方法的比较研究

目的　优选交泰丸方药的提取工艺。方法　以小檗碱、肉桂酸、总生物碱、挥发油、干浸膏为指标 ,在药材粒度、溶剂量、煎提温度、滤过、浓缩等条件相同的前提下 ,对半仿生提取法 ( SBE法 )、水提取法 ( WE法 )、半仿生提取醇沉法 ( SBAE法 )、水提取醇沉法 ( WAE法 )进行比较研究。结果　 5个指标综合评价 Y值为 :SBE法 >WE法 >SBAE法 >WAE法。结论　交泰丸方药的提取法以 SBE法为佳     

苦参5种提取方法的比较研究

目的:比较苦参5种提取方法的优劣。方法:以苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、苦参总碱、HPLC总面积、干浸膏为指标综合评判,对半仿生提取液(SBE液)、水提取液(WE液)、半仿生提取醇沉液(SBAE液)、水提醇沉液(WAE液)、醇提液(AE液)进行比较,确定最佳提取方法。结果:综合评价Y值由大到小的顺序为:YSBE>YWE>YAE>YSBAE>YWAE。结论:苦参以SBE法提取为佳。     

提取工艺对补气升血方药药理作用的影响

目的:比较补气升血方药四种工艺提取液主要药理作用,研究提取工艺对药效的影响。方法:通过"气虚"模型家兔血黏度、致敏小鼠的免疫作用、60Co放射等实验,从多个方面比较补气升血方药的水提液(WE)、醇提液(AE)、半仿生提取液(SBE)、酶解提取液(EE)补气、免疫、升血作用。结果进行t检验,并综合评判。结果:补气升血方药四种提取液均能提高模型小鼠单核细胞吞噬指数和吞噬活性,免疫器官增重,增强模型小鼠溶血素抗体生成,降低模型家兔血黏度,提高60Co放射大鼠白细胞的再生速度。EE液较其他提取液作用显著,综合评判值EE液最大。结论:补气升血方药四种提取液均具有提高机体免疫力、降低全血黏度、促进血细胞再生等补气升血功效,以EE提取液效果最好。     

3种方法制备的黄连解毒汤提取液指纹图谱比较

目的 比较以半仿生提取法（SBE法）、醇提取法（AE法）、水提取法（WE法）制得黄连解毒汤方药提取液的指纹图谱,进一步验证该方药较佳的提取方法。方法 采用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）法,比较3种方法制备的黄连解毒汤相对分子质量≤1 000提取液的指纹图谱。结果 SBE提取液有23个特征指纹峰;与SBE提取液相比较,AE提取液缺少5个特征指纹峰（5、9、10、11、22）,WE提取液缺少3个特征指纹峰（11、22、23）;用夹角余弦法计算特征指纹峰的相似度,结果SBE提取液的数值均大于AE提取液和WE提取液,这与共有特征峰重叠率的计算结果也较相符。栀子苷、黄芩素、盐酸小檗碱3种指标成分及共有特征指纹峰总面积比较,皆是SBE提取液＞AE提取液＞WE提取液。结论 黄连解毒汤方药以SBE法提取得到的相对分子量≤1 000提取液中成分最多。     

提取技术对补气生血方药含药血清指纹图谱的影响

目的:比较研究补气生血方药不同提取液含药血清HPLC指纹图谱。方法:采用HPLC,以乙腈:0.085%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱。并对给药剂量、取血时间对指纹图谱峰形峰位的影响进行研究,在相同的梯度洗脱条件下,获得酶解提取(EE)、半仿生提取(SBE)、水提取(WE)、醇提(AE)含药血清的指纹图谱,比较其特征峰峰位、峰面积、相似度、重叠率。结果:EE液含药血清指纹图谱的12个特征峰中,有6个峰在2 h最大,4个峰在1.0 h最大。给药剂量增加,对应峰面积有增加的趋势,不同提取液含药血清指纹图谱中,EE液特征峰最多,总峰面积最大。结论:补气生血方药含药血清指纹图谱证实EE液所含成分最多,吸收最好。     

用均匀设计法优选通痹止痛胶囊的半仿生提取工艺条件

目的：为通痹止痛胶囊的提取工艺优选最佳条件。方法：以乌头碱、总生物碱和干膏得率为指标，以TLCS和可见紫外分光光度法为测定方法，采用均匀设计法优选其半仿生提取法（简称SBE法）的条件。结果：3煎用水的pH值依次为2.0,7.0,10.0；加水18倍量，煎煮3h为最佳提取条件。结论：用均匀设计法优选SBE法工艺条件，简便可行。     

淫羊藿半仿生提取液醇沉浓度的优选

目的:优选淫羊藿半仿生提取液(简称SBE液)的醇沉浓度。方法:以淫羊藿苷、总黄酮、干浸膏得率为指标成分,用比例分割法对淫羊藿的SBE液作醇沉浓度的优选。结果:淫羊藿半仿生提取液最佳醇沉浓度为61.25%。结论:结合生产实际,以调含醇量60%为佳。     

用均匀设计法优选黄疸茵陈颗粒方药SBE法工艺条件

目的 优选黄疸茵陈颗粒方药的半仿生提取法工艺条件.方法 以黄芩苷、大黄索、甘草酸、干漫膏为综合评判指标,将茵陈SPE-CO2药渣与另三味中药混合后,用均匀设计u.(91×33)优选方药的半仿生提取法工艺条件.结果 3煎用水pH依次为5.7495,7.3477,8.9922;3煎总计时间为4.9883h.结论 结合生产实际.确定其SBE法工艺条件为:3煎用水pH依次为6.0,7.5,9.0;煎煮时间依次为2.5,1.25,1.25h.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.