涎腺多形性腺瘤的纤维粘连素和层粘蛋白的表达和分布

纤维粘连素（ＦｉｂｒｏｎｅｃｔｉｎＦＮ）是细胞外基质蛋白；层粘蛋白（ＬａｍｉｎｉｎＬＭ）是基底膜成分，两者均对细胞的生长、分化、极向化和移动等行为起重要介导作用，本文采用免疫组织化学方法观察ＦＮ和ＬＭ在正常涎腺及涎腺多形性腺瘤的分布和表达，正常腺体中ＦＮ的表达定位于闰管细胞胞浆；ＬＭ定位于各级导管细胞胞浆，导管及腺泡的基底膜，多形性腺瘤中ＦＮ阳性细胞分散在肿瘤上皮结构区，在玻璃样、粘液样和软骨样间质中的变异肌上皮细胞ＦＮ呈强阳性，ＬＭ阳性见于肿瘤上皮细胞的邻接面和玻璃样间质中的变异肌上皮细胞，软骨样间质ＬＭ阴性     

人涎腺多形性腺瘤细胞体外培养及其生物学特性

目的 建立人涎腺多形性腺瘤细胞系。方法 取自腮腺多形性腺瘤患者的原发肿瘤进行体外培养。对培养的细胞进行活细胞观察和组织学染色。观察细胞生长状况，绘制生长曲线。采用免疫细胞化学检测细胞内特异性抗原标记物对细胞进行鏊定，并对肿瘤的致瘤性进行裸鼠异种移植实验。结果 多形性腺瘤体外培养细胞呈多边形或梭形，有的细胞围成腺腔结构，胞浆内富含粘液，形成空泡。有的成片排列，细胞外有粘液样物质。细胞的生长曲线较平缓，无明显快速生长期。肿瘤性腺上皮细胞角蛋白阳性，肿瘤性肌上皮细胞肌动蛋白阳性。结论 建立的涎腺多形性腺瘤有限细胞系(SPA-02)，保留了原代细胞的特点，并与原发肿瘤的组织学特征相似。     

涎腺多形性腺瘤的超微结构观察

本文对12例涎腺多形性腺瘤进行了电镜观察,通过观察发现该肿瘤由肌上皮细胞、腺上皮细胞和未分化导管上皮细胞所形成其中未分化导管上皮细胞是多形性腺瘤中最幼稚而又具有多向分化潜能的上皮细胞,可能来源于闰管上皮;亦即相定于胚胎期涎腺终末小管的干细胞。它既可向腺上皮细胞分化,也可向肌上皮细胞分化,肌上皮细胞进一步间质化生而形成粘液样区,由此,构成了多形性腺瘤的多形性表现。     

36例涎腺多形性腺瘤的免疫组化研究

用S-100蛋白、波形蛋白和角蛋白三种抗体对36例涎腺多形性腺瘤进行免疫组化研究。结果发现:腺管样结构的内衬细胞与鳞化上皮和角化珠呈角蛋白阳性:部分腺管的外层瘤细胞和实性区的变异肌上皮细胞呈S-100蛋白、波形蛋白和角蛋白阳性;粘液样区和软骨样区呈S-100蛋白和波形蛋白阳性,偶尔呈角蛋白阳性。实验表明:涎腺多形性腺瘤的发生可能同纹管与排泄管的基底细胞有关。     

纤维凝集素在涎腺上皮性肿瘤中定位的免疫组织化学研究

用纤维凝集素抗血清,对32例涎腺肿瘤进行免疫组织化学(ABC 法)研究,旨在探讨这些肿瘤的结构性质及其组织发生。结果如下:1.多形性腺瘤中,部分肿瘤细胞结构周围有基底膜样 FN 环绕。部分肿瘤细胞结构周围有 FN 阳性细胞,且增殖,并和肌上皮片块、粘液软骨样区相延续。2.腺样囊性癌中,FN 在筛孔状结构呈围腔状分布,筛孔周围细胞为肿瘤性肌上皮细胞。3.腺淋巴瘤、基底细胞睬瘤、粘液表皮样癌、腺泡细胞癌中的肿瘤上皮结构周围基底膜区,FN呈线状环绕,表明这些肿瘤中不含肌上皮细胞,肿瘤细胞仅发生了腺上皮或鳞状上皮分化。4.各涎腺肿瘤中,肿瘤性上皮结构周围基底膜区和间质中 FN 分布的多寡和方式不同。     

表皮生长因子受体在涎腺肿瘤中的表达

采用单克隆抗表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抗体,用免疫组化的方法,对44例涎腺肿瘤进行 EGFR检测。EGFR 的表达方式分两类:大多数为胞紧或胞膜阳性,少数为胞核阳性。阳性细胞分布于:导管上皮,特别是形成腺管样结构的腔面细胞;部分肌上皮细胞,特别是浆样肌上皮;鳞状细胞,包括鳞状细胞癌细胞、粘液表皮样癌的表皮样细胞以及多形性腺瘤中鳞状化生的瘤细胞;Warthin 氏瘤的上皮细胞;以及基底细胞腺瘤中部分基底样细胞。EGFR 在涎腺肿瘤中的阳性表达,既不能作为细胞增殖活跃的依据,也不能作为判断肿瘤良恶性的指标。     

涎腺正常与肿瘤组织中p63、CK5、CK19、CEA及SmA的表达

目的:探索涎腺正常导管、腺泡及其上皮性肿瘤的组织起源.方法:采用免疫组化(二步法)检测正常涎腺组织14 例、多形性腺瘤14 例、基底细胞腺瘤8 例、腺样囊性癌18 例、黏液表皮样癌9 例、低分化腺癌2 例及腺泡细胞癌、乳头状腺癌、恶性多形性腺瘤、肌上皮癌各1 例中p63、CK5、CK19、CEA及SmA的表达.结果:正常涎腺基底细胞与肌上皮细胞层表达CK5,其中部分细胞表达p63,导管部分基底细胞也呈CK19阳性.多形性腺瘤、基底细胞腺瘤、腺样囊性癌与黏液表皮样癌具p63、CK5及CK19高阳性率, SmA阳性率分别为85.71%、1.25%、61.11%、0.00%.CEA阳性细胞见于11.11%腺样囊性癌与55.56%黏液表皮样癌.结论:正常涎腺导管和腺泡的腺上皮及涎腺上皮性肿瘤可能来源于导管、腺泡基底层内呈p63和CK5阳性细胞中的干细胞.     

涎腺肿瘤组织TN－CmRNA和CDgmRNA的表达及其意义

目的：探讨Tenascin-C（TN－C）mRNA和CD9mRNA在涎腺肿瘤的表达及其对涎腺肿瘤鉴别诊断的价值。方法：采用原位杂交技术检测10例正常涎腺组织、25例多形性腺瘤（PA）、25例腺样囊性癌（ACC）、20例黏液表皮样癌（MEC）、10例腺泡细胞癌（ACCa）中TN-CmRNA和CD9mRNA的表达。结果：TN-CmRNA在正常涎腺组织中呈阴性表达;CD9mRNA在正常涎腺组织中的阳性率为100％;TN-CmRNA、CD9mRNA在4种涎腺肿瘤中均有表达,TN-CmRNA在多形性腺瘤中的阳性表达率显著高于腺样囊性癌和黏液表皮样癌,差异具有统计学意义,而在多形性腺瘤与腺泡细胞癌中的表达差异无统计学意义。CD9mRNA在多形性腺瘤中的阳性表达率高于腺样囊性癌,差异有统计学意义,而在多形性腺瘤和黏液表皮样癌、腺泡细胞癌中的表达差异无统计学意义;在多形性腺瘤中TN-CmRNA和CD9mRNA的表达呈正相关,在腺样囊性癌、黏液表皮样癌和腺泡细胞癌中TN—CmRNA和CD9mRNA的表达无相关性。结论：TN-CmRNA和CD9mRNA与涎腺肿瘤的发生有一定相关性,对涎腺肿瘤之间的鉴别诊断有一定意义。     

单克隆抗体KM－93在涎腺及多形性腺瘤的免疫组织化学研究

采用抗人肺腺癌单克隆抗体ＫＭ－９３对正常人涎腺、胎儿涎腺和多形性腺瘤进行免疫组织化学研究。单抗ＫＭ－９３与浆液性细胞及部分导管细胞呈阳性反应，与肌上皮细胞、粘液细胞及多形性腺瘤中的粘液软骨样组织无反应。多形性腺瘤中可见阳性细胞形成腺泡样细胞团，也显示出阳性细胞具有的分泌功能。作者认为单克隆抗休ＫＭ－９３阳性细胞具有某些浆液性细胞的特点，在研究涎腺和涎腺肿后的组织结构及分化方面具有一定的使用价值。     

涎腺肿瘤中Pax9基因的表达及其意义

目的:检测正常涎腺组织及涎腺肿瘤中转录因子Pax9的表达。方法:采用免疫组化SABC法,研究Pax9在正常涎腺组织、多形性腺瘤、腺淋巴瘤、基底细胞腺瘤、粘液表皮样癌和腺样囊性癌共48例中的表达情况。结果:除1例多形性腺瘤外,其余组织均表达Pax9。正常涎腺的腺泡细胞和导管内衬细胞、多形性腺瘤的上皮细胞、腺淋巴瘤的肿瘤上皮细胞和基底细胞腺瘤中Pax9弱阳性表达,差异没有显著性;而在增殖活跃的细胞如正常涎腺导管的基底细胞和恶性肿瘤细胞(粘液表皮样癌、腺样囊性癌)中表达增强,恶性肿瘤中Pax9的强阳性表达率明显增高,与正常和良性肿瘤相比具有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:Pax9在涎腺肿瘤尤其是恶性肿瘤的发生过程中发挥重要的作用。     

Immunohistochemical study of basal cell adenoma in the parotid gland

Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland was studied with immunohistochemical methods. We observed cells in the tumor with positive reaction to polyclonal keratin, prekeratin, monoclonal PKK-1, polyclonal S-100 protein, monoclonal S-100 protein (alpha), secretory component, actin and laminin. However, no cells which stained positively with monoclonal KL-1, amylase, carcinoembryonic antigen, or epithelial membrane antigen were recognized. From these immunohistochemical results and our ultrastructural observations reported previously, we conclude that the cells constituting the basal cell adenoma are ductal, myoepithelial, and squamous cells but not secretory ones. It is also suggested that the origins of basal cell ademona as well as those of pleomorphic and clear cell adenoma are undifferentiated cells of intercalated duct.     

Immunocytochemical localization of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma

The localization of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-1, -2, -3 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in normal salivary gland and pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland has been examined immunocytochemically. Tumor cells with BMP immunostaining in pleomorphic adenoma were associated with some solid cellular and tubuloglandular patterns, and with stellate cells in the myxoid area. In addition, in the chondroid area of three pleomorphic adenomas, chondrocyte-like cells were positive for BMPs. It is speculated that BMPs secreted by the tumor cells play a role in the formation of the chondroid component in pleomorphic adenoma by inducing some tumor cells, probably neoplastic myoepithelial cells, to differentiate to chondrocytes by metaplastic change. No tumor cells specifically immunostained with TGF-β were found. TGF-β was positive in fibrous and hyalinized stroma. In the submandibular gland, only anti-BMP-1 antibody specifically reacted to apical portions of degenerated serous acinar cells.     

Product definition of pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary glands

Thirteen cases of pleomorphic adenoma were studied by both immunohistochemical and other histochemical methods. The exocrine cells and myoepithelial cells appear to produce similar cell products as their normal salivary gland counterparts. Keratin was found in both exocrine cells and myoepithelial cells. CEA, secretory component, and lactoferrin were detected only in the tumor exocrine cells with adenoid differentiation. S-100 protein, ferritin, fibronectin, laminin and elastin were detected only in the myoepithelial cells. The residual sugars glucosyl, mannosyl, galactosyl and fucosyl were identified in both cell types, in variably detectable amounts.     

Product definition of pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary glands

Thirteen cases of pleomorphic adenoma were studied by both immunohistochemical and other histochemical methods. The exocrine cells and myoepithelial cells appear to produce similar cell products as their normal salivary gland counterparts. Keratin was found in both exocrine cells and myoepithelial cells. CEA, secretory component, and lactoferrin were detected only in the tumor exocrine cells with adenoid differentiation S-100 protein, ferritin. fibronectin. laminin and elastin were detected only in the myoepithelial cells. The residual sugars glucosyl, mannosyl, Galactosyl and fucosyl were identified in both cell, types, in variably detectable amounts     

The cellular composition of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: an immunohistochemical analysis

Four cases of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland were examined immunohistochemically to characterize their cellular composition. In all cases epithelial membrane antigen and keratin were detected in the inner luminal cells; some cells also showed positive staining for secretory functional markers, indicating their differentiation toward secretory epithelium. In tubular and trabecular types the outer cells consistently displayed an intense staining for vimentin and some were also positive for actin, indicating their myoepithelial nature. In the solid type, most tumor cells resembled the ductal cells or basal cells of larger ducts in normal gland with regard to their immunoreactivity. Our results may suggest that the proportion and arrangement of heterogeneous tumor cells are responsible for different histologic patterns of the salivary basal cell adenoma.     

S-100蛋白和中间丝在涎腺多形性腺瘤中的表达

目的 观察Ｓ－１００Ａ１、Ｓ－１００Ａ４、Ｓ－１００Ａ６、Ｓ－１００Ｂ、Ｋ８．１２、ＫＬ１、波形蛋白（Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（ＮＳＥ）在涎腺多形性腺瘤中的表达，探讨Ｓ－１００蛋白新亚型的分布规律和作用机制以及肿瘤性肌上皮细胞的生物学特性。方法 将２３例正常涎腺和６０例涎腺多形性腺瘤常规石蜡包埋，制成４μｍ厚的连续切片，行ＨＥ和免疫组化染色。结果 在涎     

Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of S-100 protein in pleomorphic adenomas of minor salivary glands.

Twelve pleomorphic adenomas of minor salivary gland origin were examined for the distribution of S-100 protein, detected using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Strong S-100 protein immunoreactivity was noted in areas containing plasmacytoid cells, stellate and spindle cells against a myxochondroid or hyalinous stroma, and solid epithelial areas. Tubular and duct-like structures showed variable stainability. Stromal tissue and normal salivary glands were generally negative for S-100 protein. These findings were compared with those reported elsewhere.     

基质金属蛋白酶在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达

目的:检测基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、膜型基质金属蛋白酶1(MT1-MMP)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂2(TIMP-2)及细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN),在人正常涎腺组织和涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达,探讨其表达的生物学意义。方法:通过免疫组织化学技术SP法检测人66例正常涎腺组织、45例涎腺多形性腺瘤及42例涎腺恶性多形性腺瘤中,MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN的表达,采用χ2检验比较3种组织中MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN表达的差异。结果:MMP-2在人正常涎腺组织,涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的阳性表达率分别为9.09%、46.67%、85.71%;MT1-MMP在以上3种组织中的阳性表达率分别9.09%、53.33%、78.57%;TIMP-2在以上3种组织中的阳性表达率分别为10.61%、44.44%、59.52%;EMMPRIN在以上3种组织中的阳性表达率分别为13.64%、48.89%、83.33%。MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN在涎腺多形性腺瘤中的表达显著高于人正常涎腺组织,且MMP-2、MT1-MMP及EMMPRIN在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中表达的差异有统计学意义。结论:在涎腺多形性腺瘤中,MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN的表达与MMP-2的活化有关,且MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN有可能作为判断多形性腺瘤侵袭性的有效指标。     

Maspin expression in normal and neoplastic salivary gland

BACKGROUND: Maspin inhibits cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Loss or reduction in maspin expression has been associated with tumoral progression. METHODS: The presence of maspin was studied immunohistochemically in salivary gland tumours presenting cells with myoepithelial differentiation in their composition, and in normal salivary gland. RESULTS: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) presented high expression of maspin, except in the spindle cells and occasional luminal cells. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and tubular adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) showed intense expression in all cells. Cribriform ACC evidenced only few positive cells of the luminal type, while solid subtype showed rare positive cells. Normal salivary gland tissue has shown low levels of maspin positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Maspin has small participation in normal salivary gland, is increased in PA, and decreases as the histological malignancy raises. Hence, in salivary gland, its expression is not exclusive of myoepithelial cells; thus, it should not be used as a marker for this cell. Nevertheless, we believe it is an important marker of biological behaviour in these tumours.