曲阜市纺织企业织布车问噪声危害调查

目的了解曲阜市纺织企业织布车间噪声危害状况，旨在保护职工健康，防止职业病发生。方法依照《工业企业噪声监测规范》对车间布点测量；对职工进行健康检查。结果该本市3家纺织厂织布车间测定48个噪声点、144点次，超标率100％；242名织布女工高频听力损伤检出率为52．27％，语频听力损伤检出率为16．94％。结论该行业噪声超标严重，工人听力损伤发病率高，应加强职业卫生监督检查，严格执法，确保防噪、降噪、治噪的效果。     

乡镇纺织厂噪声危害调查分析

报道了乡镇纺织厂噪声危害调查结果，车间各操作点噪声强度为 ８２．０～１０３．５ｄＢ（Ａ），其中档车工所在的织造车间噪声强度平均为１０１ｄＢ（Ａ），准备车间和成品车间噪声强度平均为８６．５ｄＢ（Ａ）。操作工听力测定织造组档车工高频听力损伤检出率为２１．９９％，语频听力损伤为２．８８％，均高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１；Ｐ＜０．０５）。接触中强度噪声的准备组工人中，检出高频听力损伤９．７８％，高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），语频听力损伤与对照组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。听力损伤发生率与工龄有关，工龄５年以上听力损伤明显。检出操作工心电图异常率９．１２％，高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。调查发现乡镇纺织厂设备条件差，厂房拥挤。提出乡镇纺织厂的预防性卫生审查及就业前健康检查不可忽视，并应加强个人防护和定期健康检查。     

某石油企业噪声作业人员听力损失的调查

目的了解某石油企业噪声作业人员的听力情况。方法收集该企业2002-2007年噪声作业人员的职业健康监护档案，对其听力测试结果进行统计分析，调查个人防护用具的配备及使用情况。结果观察组听力损失率（25．09％）明显高于对照组（10．78％），2组听力损失的检出率差异有统计学意义（X^2=139．21，P〈0．01）。结论职业性噪声对职工的听力有损伤，但很好地使用个人防护用具，能有效地降低噪声危害。     

晋江市某热电厂噪声对工人听力影响的调查

目的了解晋江市某热电厂噪声环境作业工人听力损伤的特点,为制定控制措施提供依据。方法2013—2015年连续3年对热电厂进行职业卫生调查,以噪声作业车间工人150人为噪声组,无职业危害作业人员50人为对照组,进行纯音听阈测定,比较两组人员听力状况,并对噪声组听力损失进行统计分析。结果所有车间工种噪声属于连续稳态噪声,接噪工人均佩戴耳塞或耳罩,个人防护较好。噪声作业组高频听力异常检出率(28.7%)比对照组(6.0%)高,语频听力异常检出率(16.7%)也比对照组(2.0%)高;接噪各工种高频听力异常检出率和语频听力异常检出率差异均无统计学意义;听力损失检出率随工龄、年龄的增长呈增高趋势,但未检出噪声聋病例。结论该热电厂高强度噪声引起作业人员听力损伤,应加强职业病防护措施,以降低职业性噪声聋的危害。     

纺织噪声对206名挡车女工听力影响的调查分析

本文报道对我县织带厂、纺织厂、玻璃纤维厂编织车间的噪声进行了测试，结果均超过国家卫生标准。同时对２０６名挡车女工进行了职业健康体检，其中听损率达２８％，以制药厂１１３名工人作为对照检查，听损率仅为１．７％。通过对体检结果的分析，验证了噪音对听力的影响具有特异性，听力损伤检出率随接噪工龄的增加而增高。     

纺织噪声对挡车女工听力影响的调查

目的：探讨纺织噪声对挡车女工听力的影响。方法：对县内的织带厂,纺织厂,玻璃纤维厂,制药厂的车间噪声进行监测;对206名挡车女工及113名制药女工进行听力测试。结果：织带厂,纺织厂,玻璃纤维厂,制药厂的车间噪声分别是106dB(A),95dB(A),98dB(A),50dB(A);挡车女工听损率为28％,制药女工听损率为1．7％,结论：噪声对听力的影响具有特异性,听力损伤检出率随接噪工的增加而增高,无年龄差别。     

某大型汽车制造企业噪声暴露与听力损失的调查

收集2018年度广州市某汽车制造企业4723名噪声作业工人纯音听阈测试结果与工作场所现场噪声暴露水平资料，分析噪声暴露情况与听力损失状况及影响因素。结果显示，噪声作业工人听力损失检出率为29.8%（1406/4723），以高频听阈升高为主，占28.9%；作业环境噪声总超标率为38.1%（238/624），焊装车间噪声超标率均高于其他车间。听力损失检出率随年龄、接噪工龄增长呈增高趋势（趋势X2=42.263，P<0.001；趋势X2=20.039，P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析模型提示，与<20岁年龄组相比，≥20岁可能是听力损失的危险因素（20?<30岁OR=1.53、≥30岁OR=2.55，P<0.001）。该企业噪声作业工人听力损失检出率较高，工作场所噪声超标率较高，企业应加强工作场所噪声治理，做好职业健康监护工作。     

煤矿噪声危害调查

对平顶山地区１６ 个国有煤矿进行了噪声危害调查,测定５３８ 个噪声点, １ ６１４ 点次, 超标率为６６．８５ ％ 。另对８５７名噪声作业工人进行了健康检查, 高频听力损伤阳性率为４０．３７ ％ , 语频听力损伤检出率为１５．４０ ％ 。     

某石化企业567名噪声作业工人心电图改变的调查

目的探讨石化工人在噪声环境下对心脏的影响，以便采取防护措施。方法采用回顾性流行病学的调查方法，对车间噪声监测资料，作业工人体检资料进行综合分析，并设对照组进行比较。结果石化噪声作业工人心电图改变达19．75％，对照组检出率为5．6％，两组比较差异有极显著性（u=4．3，P〈0．01）。工种或部门以捻线、织布和纺丝检出率最高。结论石化企业噪声接触者心电图改变率显著高于对照组；必须采取有效的防护措施。     

某飞机制造业接噪人员连续4年听力损伤检出情况分析

目的分析飞机制造业接噪人员听力损伤的发生、发展规律,评估职业防护及职业健康监护效果,探讨职业性听力损伤的防护重点。方法选取某大型飞机制造企业1 006名接噪人员为观察对象,收集2013-2016年连续4年的职业健康监护资料,结合生产环境监测资料,对不同年份听力损伤检出率、新病例检出率及不同工种、工龄的作业人员听力损伤情况进行统计学分析。结果观察人群听力损伤检出率逐年升高(P0.05);观察人群听力损伤新病例检出率逐年下降,2014年与2016年听力损伤新病例检出率有差异,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);铆工听力损伤检出率各年份均高于试飞工(P0.05);观察人群听力损伤检出率随工龄增加而增加(P0.05)。结论该企业职业防护及职业健康监护取得一定成效;接噪人员听力损伤与接触噪声的强度及接触噪声的时间存在剂量-反应关系。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.