乳腺乳头状癌17例的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨乳腺乳头状癌的临床特征、病理和诊治.方法 回顾性分析温州医学院附属第一医院收治的17例乳腺乳头状癌的临床资料.结果 乳腺乳头状癌发病率占同期收治所有乳腺癌的0.64％.患者均可触及肿块.12例患者行乳腺癌改良根治术,2例行单纯乳房切除术,2例行保乳手术,1例行乳房单纯切除+前哨淋巴结活检术.术后15例行辅助化疗,其中5例另行放射治疗.术后随访时间1个月～8年,中位随访时间为32.5个月.1例发生骨转移于术后2年死亡,1例发生多器官转移于术后7年死亡.结论 乳腺乳头状癌患者的治疗及预后与其病理类型密切相关.对导管内乳头状癌的治疗宜选择低创伤的手段,对浸润性乳头状癌及浸润性微乳头状癌须按浸润性导管癌治疗原则处理.     

乳腺小管癌11例诊治分析

目的 探讨乳腺小管癌的临床病理特性、预后及诊治方法.方法 回顾分析北京协和医院收治的11例乳腺小管癌的临床病理资料.结果 乳腺小管癌发病率占同期收治所有乳腺癌的0.4%.11例患者8例可触及肿块.6例患者行乳腺癌改良根治术,其中1例行双侧乳腺癌改良根治术,4例行保乳手术,1例行乳房单纯切除+前哨淋巴结活检术+腋窝淋巴结清扫术.2例伴腋淋巴结转移.免疫组化检查显示雌激素受体(ER)阳性者6例,孕激素受体(PR)阳性者7例.术后3例行单纯化疗,2例行单纯内分泌治疗,其他6例患者行联合辅助治疗.术后中位随访时间为34个月(1个月～7年),所有病例均无复发、转移或死亡.结论 乳腺小管癌恶性程度低,选择适当的尽量减少创伤的手术方式和辅助治疗对于改善患者生存,提高生活质量具有重要意义.     

乳腺小管癌11例诊治分析

目的 探讨乳腺小管癌的临床病理特性、预后及诊治方法.方法 回顾分析北京协和医院收治的11例乳腺小管癌的临床病理资料.结果 乳腺小管癌发病率占同期收治所有乳腺癌的0.4%.11例患者8例可触及肿块.6例患者行乳腺癌改良根治术,其中1例行双侧乳腺癌改良根治术,4例行保乳手术,1例行乳房单纯切除+前哨淋巴结活检术+腋窝淋巴结清扫术.2例伴腋淋巴结转移.免疫组化检查显示雌激素受体(ER)阳性者6例,孕激素受体(PR)阳性者7例.术后3例行单纯化疗,2例行单纯内分泌治疗,其他6例患者行联合辅助治疗.术后中位随访时间为34个月(1个月～7年),所有病例均无复发、转移或死亡.结论 乳腺小管癌恶性程度低,选择适当的尽量减少创伤的手术方式和辅助治疗对于改善患者生存,提高生活质量具有重要意义.     

乳腺小管癌11例诊治分析

目的 探讨乳腺小管癌的临床病理特性、预后及诊治方法.方法 回顾分析北京协和医院收治的11例乳腺小管癌的临床病理资料.结果 乳腺小管癌发病率占同期收治所有乳腺癌的0.4%.11例患者8例可触及肿块.6例患者行乳腺癌改良根治术,其中1例行双侧乳腺癌改良根治术,4例行保乳手术,1例行乳房单纯切除+前哨淋巴结活检术+腋窝淋巴结清扫术.2例伴腋淋巴结转移.免疫组化检查显示雌激素受体(ER)阳性者6例,孕激素受体(PR)阳性者7例.术后3例行单纯化疗,2例行单纯内分泌治疗,其他6例患者行联合辅助治疗.术后中位随访时间为34个月(1个月～7年),所有病例均无复发、转移或死亡.结论 乳腺小管癌恶性程度低,选择适当的尽量减少创伤的手术方式和辅助治疗对于改善患者生存,提高生活质量具有重要意义.     

乳腺神经内分泌癌3例诊治分析

目的:探讨乳腺神经内分泌癌的临床特点及诊治要点。方法:回顾性分析湖南省人民医院从2013年—2017年收治的3例乳腺神经内分泌癌的临床病理资料。结果:患者均为女性;年龄31~39岁;肿块大小0.5~4.0 cm;2例以乳房肿块就诊,1例以乳头溢液就诊;3例超声表现均为低回声结节;1例行改良根治术,1例行保留乳头乳晕改良根治+一期假体乳房再造术,1例行单纯乳房切除术。组织病理学形态包括实质性癌2例,小细胞性癌1例。免疫组化示3例嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)及突触素(Syn)阳性,2例神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)阳性。随访时间6~32个月,1例术后6个月因肝转移而死亡,另2例均无瘤生存。结论:乳腺神经内分泌癌是一种罕见的特殊类型乳腺癌,临床表现及影像学特征通常无特异性,诊断金标准是病理学及免疫组化检测,其治疗是以手术治疗为主的综合治疗,小细胞乳腺神经内分泌癌的预后差。     

隐匿性乳腺癌的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨隐匿性乳腺癌的发病特点、诊断和治疗方法。方法 对经治的12例隐匿性乳腺癌的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果 12例均以腋下肿块为首发症状且均予手术治疗。手术方式为腋下肿块切除术1例，腋下肿块切除加单纯乳房切除1例，乳腺癌根治术6例，改良根治术4例。11例获随访1—15年。随访期间行腋下肿块切除和加行单纯乳房切除的2例分别于术后18个月和22个月死于全身多器官转移；1例行乳腺癌根治术者于术后3年出现腋淋巴结转移而再次手术，于再次术后4年死于肺转移；其余患者仍存活，其中已生存3年以上2例，5年以上2例，10年以上4例。结论 对原因不明的腋下肿块，应考虑到隐匿性乳腺癌的可能，同时应予切除并送检病理确诊。腋下淋巴结转移癌的组织学结构对肿瘤来源能提供重要线索。一经确诊，本病宜选择乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术，并予辅助性放疗、化疗。     

早期乳腺癌保全手术加放疗临床探讨(附42例报告)

目的:探讨早期乳腺癌行保全手术加放疗的治疗效果方法:将42例Ⅰ～Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者随机分成两组:乳腺癌局部肿块切除加放疗组22例,乳腺癌改良根治术20例。保全术加放疗组:行肿块局部切除后,乳腺切线野照射,包括内乳区。腋窝及销骨上下区根据术后病理决定是否照射,后乳腺局部加量至根治剂量。根治术组:行传统改良根治术式,根据术后病理选择放疗方案,结果:保全术加放疗组及改良根治术组局部乳腺复发分别为:3例(13.6％)和2例(10.0％),区域淋巴结复发分别为:2例(9.1％)和2例(10.0％)。5年生存率分别为:77.3％(17/22)和80.0％(11/22),三组统计学均无明显差异。结论:早期乳腺癌行保全手术加放疗和传统改良根治术疗效相比相同且保全了器官功能。     

28例隐性乳腺癌的诊治分析

目的：探讨隐性乳腺癌的诊断和治疗方法。方法：对28例隐性乳腺癌患者分别采用乳房X线和乳腺导管选择造影术，对肿块行针刺和切除活检病理免疫组化检查，治疗采用乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术加放化疗。结果：16例患者行乳腺X线检查，异常者7例；6例行乳腺选择性导管造影，异常者4例，13例经免疫组化检查，确诊lO例。术后随访18例，复发死亡5例(其中4例为仅行腋窝肿块切除者)。结论：乳头溢液和乳腺局限性腺体增厚对隐性乳腺癌的诊断有重要价值，活检和免疫组化检查有助于确诊；乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术后应辅以放、化疗。     

男性乳腺癌16例临床资料分析

目的:探讨分析男性乳腺癌的临床与病理特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月—2014年6月收治的16例男性乳腺癌的临床资料。结果:主要临床表现为乳腺无痛性肿块,术前均诊断为乳腺癌。均行手术治疗,其中行乳腺癌根治术2例,改良根治术12例,乳房单纯切除术2例。术后病理诊断浸润性导管癌87.5%,I期2例,II期4例,III期8例,IV期2例;5年生存率50.0%。结论:男性乳腺癌发病率低、年龄大、病程长、预后差、容易发生转移。该病以改良根治术为主要治疗方法,辅以化疗、放疗及内分泌治疗。     

58例阴茎鳞状细胞癌治疗的临床分析

目的:提高阴茎鳞状细胞癌的治疗水平,寻求鳞状细胞癌合理有效的治疗方法。方法:回顾分析58例病理活检证实阴茎鳞状细胞癌治疗的临床资料。结果:按照Jackson分期,Ⅰ期25例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期11例,Ⅳ期4例。53例行手术治疗;行阴茎肿瘤局部切除及阴茎癌部分切除43例;阴茎全切除并尿道会阴部造口术及髂腹股沟淋巴清扫术10例(腹股沟淋巴结均阳性,髂淋巴结阳性1例)。术前新辅助治疗(热疗加化疗)联合术后化疗37例,仅术后化疗12例,单纯手术治疗4例;5例未手术治疗患者行化疗和/或放疗。48例随访2~5年,4例行阴茎部分切除者2年内复发,4例2年内死亡,7例2~5年内死亡,2年生存率为91.7%,5年生存率为77.1%,10例失访或随访期未满2~5年。结论:外科手术治疗、术前新辅助治疗联合术后化疗是目前治疗阴茎鳞状细胞癌的有效方法,淋巴结的清扫根据临床分级具体处理,手术联合术前新辅助治疗及术后化、放疗是否可减少复发及提高生存率,还需进一步研究。     

Unusual collision tumor with infiltrating ductal carcinoma and breast skin squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type, on the other hand, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC) overlying the breast is a rare tumor. The co-presence of two tumor types in one organ is even a rarer entity, termed as collision tumor. Only 3 known cases of collision tumor with breast invasive ductal and skin squamous carcinoma were reported in the literature.Case presentationAn otherwise medically free 91-year-old, postmenopausal, female presented with left breast fungating mass for four months. Pre-operative core tissue biopsy and incisional skin biopsy revealed two distinct tumor subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for progesterone, estrogen receptors and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, as well as skin squamous cell carcinoma, and axillary lymph node metastasis. Patient underwent left breast modified radical mastectomy and split skin grafting for wound closure. The final histopathology was consistent with grade 2 IDC. The nipple and areola complex were involved by moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Currently patient on adjuvant hormonal treatment. Follow up showed no local recurrence or distal metastasis.ConclusionCollision tumors of the breast with IDC and SCC of the overlying skin is very rare. The surgeon has to be aware of of such entity as the proper peri-operative management should be tailored to target the most aggressive histologic subtype.     

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast after cured Hodgkin's disease

An unusual case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast occurring after cured Hodgkin's disease is reported herein. A 27-year-old woman developed a left breast mass 2 years after chemotherapy and radiation for nodular sclerosing stage IIB Hodgkin's disease. Excisional biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the breast and a modified radical mastectomy was performed, however, no metastasis was found in the axillary nodes. She received etoposide, mitomycin-C, and doxifluoridine as adjuvant chemotherapy, and remains well without any evidence of recurrent Hodgkin's disease or breast cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast associated with Hodgkin's disease. The risk of patients treated for Hodgkin's disease developing breast cancer as a second malignant neoplasm is discussed following the report of this case.     

表现为锁骨上肿块的隐匿性乳腺癌的诊治分析

目的　探讨表现为锁骨上肿块的隐匿性乳腺癌的发病特点、诊断和治疗方法。方法　对经我院手术治疗的 7例表现为同侧锁骨上肿块的隐匿性乳腺癌的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果　行锁骨上肿块部分切除 1例 ,行锁骨上肿块切除、腋窝肿块切除、乳房切除 1例 ,锁骨上肿块切除、乳腺癌改良根治术 2例 ,锁骨上肿块切除、乳腺癌根治术 3例。结论　对原因不明的锁骨上肿块 ,应考虑到隐匿性乳腺癌的可能 ,应予切除并送病理确诊 ,锁骨上肿块转移的组织学类型可对判断肿瘤来源提供重要线索。一经确诊 ,本病宜选根治术 ,并辅助放、化疗。     

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in a pregnant woman: Report of a case

Although reports on primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast have been increasing in number, the morbidity rate of the disease is comparatively low. Its onset in pregnant women, especially, is quite rare. We herein report a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in a pregnant woman. A 33-year-old woman was admitted with a lump in the right breast and an abnormal bloody nipple discharge. The breast mass was 5.6×5.4 cm in size, and both ultrasonogram and CT scanning showed that it consisted of a cystic tumor for the most part. A large amount of bloody cystic fluid was aspirated by fine-needle aspiration; squamous cell carcinoma of the breast was suspected by a cytological study on the fluid. Twelve days after an induced abortion was performed, a modified radical mastectomy was carried out. Histological findings of the resected specimen demonstrated that the tumor was squamous cell carcinoma which had been well differentiated with partial keratinization and cancer pearls. Noninvasive ductal carcinoma was also observed in a very small region of the specimen, which indicated that the tumor was probably originally adenocarcinoma which later transformed into squamous cell carcinoma.     

隐匿性乳腺癌的临床分析

目的探讨隐匿性乳腺癌的诊断、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年1月我科行手术治疗的29例隐匿性乳腺癌患者的临床资料。结果乳腺钼靶X线检查出原发灶16例,6例由MRI检查出原发灶,2例行PET检查出原发灶。行乳腺癌改良根治术治疗25例,腋窝淋巴结清扫术4例。3例患者术后出现复发,1例死亡。结论乳腺钼靶及MRI是发现原发灶的重要检查方法。乳腺癌改良根治术是主要的治疗方法,保乳手术治疗选择性施行。     

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目的 探讨乳腺小细胞神经内分泌癌的临床诊断和治疗.方法 回顾性分析北京大学临床肿瘤学院2001年1月至2006年6月收治的3例乳腺小细胞神经内分泌癌的临床表现、病理、治疗及预后.结果 3例乳腺小细胞神经内分泌癌均以自行发现乳腺肿物就诊.钼靶示病灶内无钙化.2例行保乳术,1例行改良根治术.病理检查具有小细胞癌的形态学特点,免疫组织化学染色结果突触素(Syn)(++)、嗜铬颗粒蛋白A(CgA)(++)3例,神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)(+)1例,雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)均为阴性.随访时间9～74个月,无淋巴结转移1例,术后无病存活74个月;淋巴结转移2例,术后1年内均出现全身多发转移,其中1例存活期15个月,1例术后9个月尚存活.结论 乳腺小细胞神经内分泌癌十分罕见.无钙化,雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和HER-2表达阴性可能是该病的临床特点.确诊需依靠病理形态学及免疫组织化学染色.目前治疗效果及预后差异较大,提示该病可能具有不同的亚型.     

Radiation-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the chest wall seven years after adjuvant radiotherapy following the surgery of breast cancer: a case report

A 54-year-old woman, who had underwent an adjuvant radiotherapy following the modified radical mastectomy in the left primary breast cancer in June 1988. She underwent second surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (electronic radiotherapy) for recurrent breast cancer in the major pectoral muscle and received chemoimmunotherapy in May 1989. In May 1996 she complained of two ulcers of the chest wall. The ulcer biopsy findings was squamous cell carcinoma, and we diagnosed she fell the radiation-induced skin cancer. She underwent chest wall resection and reconstruction with vertical rectal abdominal musculocutaneous flap (VRAM). However two months later her chest wall resection, she again got the recurrent squamous cell carcinoma in the right axillary lymph nodes and left pleura. The third radiotherapy and the chemotherapy with pepleomycin were uneffective on her recurrent cancer. And she died in March 1997.     

Clinical outcome of adjuvant radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the breast; a multicenter retrospective cohort study

BackgroundBecause primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is a rare disease, the standard therapy has not been established. We examined the clinical outcomes of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for breast SCC.Material and methodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Patients diagnosed with primary breast SCC who received adjuvant radiotherapy as part of their primary definitive treatment were included. Overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and recurrence-free interval (RFi) were evaluated.ResultsBetween January 2002 and December 2017, 25 breast SCC patients received adjuvant radiotherapy as a primary treatment were included. Median follow-up time was 43.5 months. Three (12%), fifteen (60%) and seven (28%) patients had clinical stage I, II and III disease, respectively. Fourteen patients underwent breast-conserving surgery and subsequent adjuvant radiotherapy. Eleven patients underwent mastectomy and post-mastectomy radiotherapy. Ten patients received regional lymph node irradiation. Nine (36%) patients had disease recurrence. The first site of recurrence was locoregional in five, but distant metastasis arose in one. Concurrent local and distant metastasis were seen in two. Six cases of local recurrence occurred within the irradiated site. Seven patients died, and six of the deaths were due to breast cancer. Five-year OS, BCSS, and Rfi were 69%, 70%, and 63%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, age and lymphatic invasion were associated with increased risk of recurrence.ConclusionBreast SCC has a high incidence of locoregional recurrence and poor prognosis. Age and lymphatic invasion are significant risk factors for recurrence.     

隐匿性乳腺癌的诊断与治疗

目的探讨隐匿性乳腺癌(OBC)的诊断与治疗经验。方法回顾性分析13例隐匿性乳腺癌的诊断与治疗方法。结果 10例腋窝肿块免疫组化,7例雌激素受体(ER);病理切片淋巴结转移性腺癌。乳腺癌根治或改良根治术后标本全乳房多次连续病理切片,3例未见原发灶,10例找到直径0.15 cm～0.90 cm肿瘤。5 a生存率46.15%。结论腋窝淋巴结活检、免疫组化分析及MRI检查对隐匿性乳腺癌的诊断具有重要意义,治疗首选改良根治术并辅以化疗、放疗及内分泌治疗等综合治疗。     

膀胱憩室癌5例报告

目的：探讨膀胱憩室癌的临床特征，提高其诊治水平。方法：对5例膀胱憩室癌患者均行CT和膀胱镜检查确诊。3例行根治性膀胱全切、尿流改道手术．2例行膀胱部分切除术。结果：病理诊断移行细胞癌2例，鳞状细胞癌2例，恶性神经鞘瘤1例。3例于术后2个月内死亡，均为非移行性细胞癌；另外2例术后随访10个月，无局部复发和远处转移。结论：CT和膀胱镜检查是确诊膀胱憩室癌的重要方法；膀胱憩室癌的临床分期不同，预后明显不同，非移行细胞癌病理类型有早期浸润行为．预后差。