示指背侧皮神经血管营养皮瓣在修复拇指皮肤缺损中的临床应用

目的 探讨示指背侧皮神经血管营养皮瓣在修复拇指皮肤缺损的临床应用.方法 设计并切取以示指桡背侧皮神经血管营养为蒂的示指背侧带蒂皮瓣,经过开放皮道转移至拇指皮肤缺损创面进行修复.结果 临床应用18例,皮瓣全部成活.皮瓣血供、皮肤质地及弹性、外观均良好.结论 示指背侧皮神经血管营养皮瓣是修复拇指皮肤缺损的良好方法,其技术要求低,效果切确,适合于各级医院在临床上应用.     

改良示指背侧岛状皮瓣一期修复拇指末节缺损的临床效果分析

目的分析改良示指背侧岛状皮瓣技术在一期修复拇指末节缺损中的应用价值及临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法选择宜宾第一人民医院122例拇指末节缺损的患者,均因机械伤或重物砸伤等因素导致。根据选用皮瓣的不同将其分为示指皮瓣组65例,拇指皮瓣组57例。示指皮瓣组男性44例,女性21例;年龄24~49岁,平均38.4岁;缺损范围1.2cm×1.0cm~2.6cm×2.3cm,受伤至手术时间平均2.8h;拇指皮瓣患者男性41例,女性16例;年龄23~50岁,平均38.2岁;缺损范围1.3cm×1.1cm~2.5cm×2.2cm,受伤至手术时间平均2.6h。示指皮瓣组采用的治疗技术为改良示指背侧岛状皮瓣一期修复,拇指皮瓣组患者采用拇指桡背侧岛状皮瓣修复。手术结束后护理和随访时间8~12个月,对比两组患者皮瓣生存情况以及拇指外观、功能和感觉等。结果示指背侧岛状皮瓣和拇指皮瓣成活率均达到100%,创面一期愈合。示指背侧岛状皮瓣颜色红润,外观饱满,质地良好,与受区相差不大;拇指皮瓣皮温正常,血供较好,但有明显臃肿,可明显辨别两者差距。根据总关节活动度(TAM)功能评分,示指皮瓣组(14.9531±1.6948)功能明显好于拇指皮瓣组(5.6985±0.8492),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对比两组患者皮瓣两点辨别觉,示指皮瓣组平均(4.9534±0.4325)mm,明显好于拇指皮瓣组的(15.8435±1.5914)mm,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论拇指末节损伤后采用改良示指背侧岛状皮瓣一期修复的效果显著,皮瓣成活率高,外观与受区相似,功能和感觉均有改善,在临床应用中具有较高的实用价值,值得推荐。     

指深屈肌腱经骨隧道重建Ⅰ区伸肌腱止点的临床应用

目的介绍一种Ⅰ区指伸肌腱止点重建的方法。方法对20例伸肌腱止点撕脱、断裂伤患者进行止点重建的手术治疗,其中男性12例,女性8例;年龄22~46岁,平均32岁。左手7例,右手13例;示指9例,环指8例,小指3例;撞击伤12例,割裂伤5例,压砸伤3例。受伤至手术时间2h~35d,平均8.7d。采用克氏针固定远侧指间关节,转移部分指深屈肌腱经末节指骨骨隧道到背侧伸肌腱止点上缘穿出,与伸肌腱近端编织缝合。结果术后随访6个月~1年,无一例发生肌腱再次断裂,按手指总主动活动度(TAM)评定法评定:优13例,良6例,可1例。结论采用指深屈肌腱经骨隧道重建Ⅰ区伸肌腱止点,疗效满意。     

示指背侧皮瓣修复拇指远端缺损16例

我科自 1989年 6月至 1999年 6月共收治拇指远端软组织缺损 99例 ,其中选择应用带血管蒂的示指近节背侧岛状皮瓣进行修复者 16例 ,取得了满意效果。现报告如下。临床资料　 (1)一般资料 :本组男 11例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 12～ 5 6岁 ,平均 2 2岁。16例拇指远端缺损均为外伤 ,其中切割伤 4例 ,绞轧伤 8例 ,爆炸伤 4例。受伤后至手术时间最长 9ｈ ,最短 1.5ｈ。 (2 )损伤类型 :拇指腹侧与背侧斜形切割伤后 ,远端完全性离断但无条件再植者 5例 ;单纯拇指远端皮肤撕脱 ,伸指肌腱与屈指肌腱外露 ,拇指甲床破坏者 6例 ;拇指远端软组织缺损合并远端指间…     

携带桡神经浅支的示指背侧岛状皮瓣在拇指尺掌侧皮肤缺损中的应用

目的探讨携带桡神经浅支的示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指尺掌侧皮肤缺损的疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年4月—2017年4月华北理工大学附属骨科医院创伤一科采用携带桡神经浅支的示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指尺掌侧皮肤缺损患者15例(随访12例),男性12例,女性3例;年龄23~55岁,平均36.0岁。左手9例,右手6例。受伤至手术时间1.5~8.0h,平均3.5h。拇指尺掌侧皮肤缺损范围5.0cm×2.0cm^7.0cm×2.8cm,均存在不同程度的尺侧指固有神经血管损伤,骨及肌腱外露。皮瓣切取面积6.0cm×2.5cm^8.0cm×3.0cm。结果15例皮瓣均顺利成活,12例获得随访,末次随访拇指功能及外观恢复非常满意9例,满意3例;拇指伤区皮肤感觉恢复S3,两点辨别觉恢复7.0~10.0mm,平均8.5mm,供区无瘢痕挛缩、肌腱粘连、皮肤溃破等并发症。手功能优9指,良2指,可1指,优良率91.6%。结论利用携带桡神经浅支的示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指尺掌侧皮肤缺损,操作简单,皮瓣成活率高,受区感觉恢复良好,是修复拇指尺掌侧缺损较为理想的方法。     

移植肌腱隧道法重建伸肌腱止点治疗特殊类型锤状指21例分析

对21例开放性损伤导致的手指I区伸肌腱伴或不伴末节指骨基底部背侧复合组织缺损患者行移植肌腱隧道法重建伸肌腱止点,即移植掌长肌腱修复I区伸肌腱缺损、末节伸肌腱止点通过末节基底部隧道Prolene双线捆绑重建,远侧指间关节过伸位固定,皮瓣覆盖创面。均获得随访,随访时间5~12个月,平均9.6个月。手功能主动活动范围根据Dargan功能评定法评定:优16,良4例,可1例,优良率95.2%。移植肌腱隧道法重建伸肌腱止点治疗特殊类型锤状指简单、有效,经济实用。     

应用足背分叶皮瓣携带趾伸肌腱移植修复多手指皮肤合并肌腱组织缺损

目的探讨应用足背分叶皮瓣携带趾伸肌腱移植同期修复多手指皮肤合并肌腱组织缺损的临床效果。方法 2011年5月~2013年10月治疗12例(27指)多手指皮肤合并伸、屈肌腱缺损患者。根据伤指创面大小、形状设计以足背血管为主干的跗内侧、第一跖背、跗外侧血管为分支构成的足内侧、第1跖背、足外侧三叶或以第一跖背、跗外侧血管为分支构成的第1跖背、足外侧双叶皮瓣移植,切取皮瓣同时携带趾伸肌腱,一次性修复2~3指的皮肤合并1指或2指的屈、伸肌腱缺损。结果移植皮瓣全部成活。其中3例发生动脉危象,2例经静脉使用抗血管痉挛药物后皮瓣成活,1例经血管探查,切除血栓段血管,重新吻合动脉后皮瓣成活。12例经8~19个月随访,皮瓣外形和质地良好,18指屈伸功能正常,5指屈曲轻度受限,伸直正常,4指屈曲有较明显受限,伸直轻微受限。供皮瓣和肌腱足无明显瘢痕挛缩,行走正常。结论应用足背分叶皮瓣携带趾伸肌腱游离移植方法,一次手术能修复多个手指皮肤合并肌腱缺损,皮瓣外形和质地良好,手指获得良好的功能恢复,是修复多手指皮肤合并腱肌组织缺损的有效方法。     

示指背侧皮瓣修复8例拇指电烧伤

我们采用示指背侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复 8例拇指电烧伤 ,外观及感觉功能良好 ,效果较为满意。报告如下 :1　临床资料本组 8例 ,年龄最小 4岁 ,最大 4 7岁 ,均为男性。其中掌侧 2例 ,背侧 6例 ,均采用示指背侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复创面。手术距电烧伤时间 ,最短 7ｄ ,最长 4 5ｄ。结果 1例皮瓣远端有 1ｃｍ× 0 5ｃｍ坏死 ,1例清创不彻底致皮瓣感染坏死 ,其余 6例均成活。随访半年 ,拇指感觉功能及外观良好。2　讨论拇指的掌侧及背侧均为重要的功能和感觉区 ,采用传统的皮瓣修复拇指烧伤创面 ,外观及感觉较差 ,而且恢复时间长。利用示指背侧动脉岛状…     

趾长伸肌腱皮瓣修复指伸肌健Ⅲ区缺损15例

1990年5月以来，作者采用吻合血管的趾长伸肌位皮瓣游离移植治疗新鲜及陈旧性手背部指伸肌位缺损15例，疗效满意。1临床资料本组男10例，女5例，年龄17～55岁，平均30．8岁，均为机器挤压撕脱伤。新鲜损伤9例，均伴有不同程度皮肤缺损，伴骨折脱位3例。陈旧性损伤6例，均为手背部皮肤缺损用其它方法修复后二期修复肌肤者。肌健损伤2条者3例，3条者10例，4条者2例。所有移植的肌腱皮瓣均顺利成活，无一例感染，术后3周除去外固定并开始主动及被动功能锻炼。随访1～6个月，按Eaton提出的TAM标准评定疗效，＞260TAM30指，190～260TAM13指，…     

桡神经损伤的肌腱移行手功能重建

目的：评估桡神经损伤后前臂屈肌腱移位术重建伸腕、伸拇及伸指功能的效果。方法：1992年10月-2005年10月,前臂屈肌腱移位术治疗不可逆桡神经损伤20例。其中桡神经损伤后缺损12例,桡神经不可逆的挫裂伤8例,均伴伸腕、伸拇及伸指功能障碍,肌力0-1级,前臂背侧肌群萎缩。肌腱移位术距神经损伤或修复时间为6个月-2年。结果：术后20例均经2-60个月随访,术后采用费起礼等〔1〕疗效评定法：优10例,良8例,手功能恢复基本满意;中2例,均为移位肌腱张力不足。结论：前壁屈肌腱移位术可作为不可逆桡神经损伤功能重建的首选方法。     

Recurrent dislocation of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon

Five patients with recurrent dislocation of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon resulting from an athletic injury were treated by reconstruction of the ECU tendon sheath, and each had a satisfactory result. Two types of disruption of the fibro-osseous sheath were found. In two cases in which the fibro-osseous sheath ruptured radially, the torn sheath lay on its ulnar groove beneath the ECU tendon. These patients were treated by direct suture of the sheath over the ECU tendon. In three cases in which the fibro-osseous sheath ruptured ulnarly, the torn sheath lay superficial to the ECU tendon. These patients were treated by reconstruction of the sheath using a piece of the extensor retinaculum. We believe that surgical reconstruction of the fibro-oseous sheath of the ECU tendon should be considered for symptomatic dislocation of the ECU tendon, even in an acute case.


     

Traumatic extensor tendon dislocation in a boxer: a case study

An elite collegiate boxer developed extensor tendon subluxation in the small finger of his dominant right hand. He was thought to have a radial sagittal band disruption and was allowed to complete his season with custom padding. Surgical exploration revealed intact sagittal bands with divergent dislocation of the two extensor tendons to the small finger with underlying capsular rupture. These lesions were repaired and he successfully returned to boxing. Soft tissue injuries to the dorsal MCP joint may involve the collateral ligaments, the sagittal bands, the extensor tendons, or the joint capsule. Symptoms usually involve persistent pain, swelling, and tendon subluxation or dislocation. Accurate recognition and treatment is crucial as nonoperative treatment is generally unsuccessful and surgical reconstruction is required for optimal return to function.     

Association between distal ulnar morphology and extensor carpi ulnaris tendon pathology

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between distal ulnar morphology and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon pathology.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively reviewed 71 adult wrist MRI studies with ECU tendon pathology (tenosynovitis, tendinopathy, or tear), and/or ECU subluxation. Subjects did not have a history of trauma, surgery, infection, or inflammatory arthritis. MRI studies from 46 subjects without ECU tendon pathology or subluxation were used as controls. The following morphological parameters of the distal ulna were measured independently by two readers: ulnar variance relative to radius, ulnar styloid process length, ECU groove depth and length. Subjects and controls were compared using Student’s t test. Inter-observer agreement (ICC) was calculated.

Results

There was a significant correlation between negative ulnar variance and ECU tendon pathology (reader 1 [R1], P?=?0.01; reader 2 [R2], P?<?0.0001; R1 and R2 averaged data, P?<?0.0001) and ECU tendon subluxation (P?=?0.001; P?=?0.0001; P?<?0.0001). In subjects with ECU tendon subluxation there was also a trend toward a shorter length (P?=?0.3; P <0.0001; P?=?0.001) and a shallower ECU groove (P?=?0.01; P?=?0.03; P?=?0.01; R1 and R2 averaged data with Bonferroni correction, P?=?0.08). ECU groove depth (P?=?0.6; P?=?0.8; P?=?0.9) and groove length (P?=?0.1; P?=?0.4; P?=?0.7) showed no significant correlation with ECU tendon pathology, and length of the ulnar styloid process showed no significant correlation with ECU tendon pathology (P?=?0.2; P?=?0.3; P?=?0.2) or subluxation (P?=?0.4; P?=?0.5; P?=?0.5). Inter-observer agreement (ICC) was >0.64 for all parameters.

Conclusion

Distal ulnar morphology may be associated with ECU tendon abnormalities.     

Spontaneous rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon in a kick boxer

A 23 year old male kick boxer presented with a 24 hour history of pain and being unable to extend the interphalangeal joint of the left thumb. There was no history of trauma or any other risk factor for spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon. On the previous day, he had been doing reverse press ups on the dorsum of his hands with his wrists hyperflexed as part of his training for kick boxing. At operation the extensor pollicis longus tendon was found to be divided at the level of the dorsal tubercle of the radius and was not directly repairable. The treatment was an extensor indicis proprius transfer. We suggest that the cause of the tendon rupture was direct pressure on the dorsal tubercle of the radius sustained while performing reverse press ups.


     

套索锁扣结缝合法在伸指肌腱I区损伤中的应用

对27例伸指肌腱I区损伤患者用套索锁扣结缝合法修复,患者均获得平均14个月(9~16个月)的随访,切口(创伤)均I期愈合,除1例肌腱再断裂后期行关节融合治愈外,其余患者手指功能恢复良好.术后无肌腱粘连、关节僵硬及异位骨化发生,无甲床损伤.根据TAM(total active movement)系统评定:优19例,良7例,可、差1例,优良率96.3%.该方法操作简单,抗张强度及防滑脱撕裂作用强,可早期功能锻炼,临床效果好,值得推广应用.     

Spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon in a professional skier

Spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon is uncommon in sports activities. We report a rare case of a professional downhill skier presenting with a rupture of the EPL tendon. Repetitive motion of the wrist joint appeared to cause the rupture. The patient was treated successfully with tendon transfer of the extensor indicis proprius.     

Common extensor tendon rupture following corticosteroid injection for lateral tendinosis of the elbow

Corticosteroid injections are commonly administered to athletes to relieve symptoms of lateral elbow tendinosis. This report presents a case of almost total rupture of the common extensor origin in a 45 year old female squash player secondary to such a procedure.


     

Boxer knuckle (injury of the extensor hood with extensor tendon subluxation): diagnosis with dynamic US--report of three cases

The use of dynamic ultrasonography (US) in diagnosing traumatic and nontraumatic extensor tendon dislocations in fingers of three subjects is reported. Dynamic US of the clenched fist in two patients with traumatic injury revealed dislocated but grossly intact tendons surrounded by soft-tissue edema; magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in one patient indicated similar findings. Rupture in the sagittal band of the extensor hood mechanism in the two patients was confirmed at surgery. The third subject, an asymptomatic volunteer, had a congenital tendency toward dislocation. Dynamic US of the clenched fist is useful in diagnosing injuries of the extensor hood mechanism.