醒脑静治疗呼吸衰竭并发肺性脑病疗效分析

目的观察醒脑静治疗呼吸衰竭并发肺性脑病的临床疗效。方法选取呼吸衰竭并发肺性脑病患者58例,按不同用药方法分为治疗组和对照组。对照组予常规抗感染、解痉平喘、祛痰、无创机械通气等综合治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用醒脑静。结果治疗后治疗组和对照组总有效(显效+好转)率分别为96.7%和82.2%,治疗组优于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组显效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血气指标(Pa O2、Pa CO2、p H)均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05);与对照组相比,治疗组患者呼吸频率、心率、Pa CO2、p H改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论醒脑静治疗呼吸衰竭并发肺性脑病具有良好效果。     

高通量血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症患者血清因子及近期预后影响

目的探讨高通量血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症患者血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、胱抑素C(CysC)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)水平及近期预后的影响。方法选取自2015年1月至2017年5月收治的140例慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症患者为研究对象。根据治疗方法不同,将所有患者分为A组(n=68)与B组(n=72),A组给予普通透析联合血液透析滤过治疗,B组给予高通量血液透析治疗。比较两组患者的小分子毒素水平,血清CysC、β2-MG、PTH水平,尿素透析充分性及病死率。结果两组患者治疗后血磷、血钾、血尿酸、血肌酐及血尿素氮水平均显著降低(P<0.05);B组血磷水平明显低于A组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后CysC、β2-MG、PTH水平均显著降低(P<0.05);B组CysC、PTH水平显著低于A组(P<0.05)。两组患者尿素透析充分性比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组病死率为13.9%(10/72),显著低于A组的27.9%(19/68),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高通量血液透析可以显著提高慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症患者的CysC、β2-MG、PTH的清除效果,降低心脑血管疾病病死率,改善患者近期预后。     

纳洛酮联合醒脑静治疗肝性脑病疗效观察

目的观察纳洛酮联合醒脑静治疗昏睡期肝性脑病的临床疗效。方法 80例肝性脑病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组在常规抗肝性脑病的基础上单用纳洛酮或醒脑静;治疗组在常规抗肝性脑病基础上加用纳洛酮联合醒脑静治疗,治疗前后检查血氨指标、神志清醒时间,评价临床分期。结果 治疗组治疗后血氨含量下降程度(76±umol/L),清醒时间(5.65±2.45h),临床分期评价(有效率78%)明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论 纳洛酮联合醒脑静治疗昏睡期肝性脑病较单独使用有明显的优势。     

不同血液净化方法治疗尿毒症患者皮肤瘙痒

目的探讨血液透析,血液透析滤过,血液灌流加血液透析治疗尿毒症皮肤瘙痒的疗效。方法将38例尿毒症行维持性血透的患者,根据不同的个体情况分为血液透析(HD)组,血液透析滤过(HDF)组和血液灌流加血液透析(HP+HD)治疗组。HD组,每周患者行HD 2~3次,每次透析时间4.5 h;HP+HD组,患者每周HD 2次和1次HP+HD,每次透析时间4.5 h;HDF组,患者每周行2次HDF,每次透析时间为4 h,其他治疗措施均相同。比较三组患者治疗前后血肌酐(SC r),尿素氮(BUN),甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)变化。结果三组透析前与透析后血SC r,BUN都有明显下降(P<0.05),HDF组和HP+HD组治疗前后PTH和β2-MG比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),该两组与HD组比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论尿毒症患者在维持性HD治疗同时定期接受HDF或HP+HD治疗,可改善和缓冲长期规律血透患者的皮肤瘙痒,提高患者的生存质量。     

醒脑静注射液治疗开颅术后吸收热的疗效观察

目的:观察醒脑静注射液对颅脑手术后吸收热的退热疗效.方法:按我院神经外科自然病区随机分为两组,对颅脑手术后患者分别用醒脑静注射液(醒脑静组,85例)和常规治疗组(对照组,89例)治疗,比较2组退热幅度和退热疗效.结果:醒脑静注射液组退热幅度、退热总有效率均明显优于对照组(P<0.01).结论:醒脑静注射液对颅脑手术后吸收热有确切的退热作用,退热的同时能明显改善其临床主要症状.     

醒脑静注射液治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效观察

目的:探讨醒脑静注射液治疗对重型颅脑损伤促醒作用及预后的影响。方法:将76例GCS评分≤8分的颅脑损伤患者随机分为2组,治疗组38例在常规治疗的基础上加用醒脑静注射液,对照组38例仅用常规治疗。根据GCS评分进行评价。两组于伤后6个月作格拉斯哥治疗结果分级(GOS)评分评估预后,同时比较两组患者的意识好转率。结果:治疗组与对照组在临床疗效、清醒及清醒天数比较存在显著性差异,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:醒脑静注射液治疗重型颅脑损伤患者能加速苏醒,明显提高患者的生存率及生存质量。     

醒脑静与纳洛酮联用对急性乙醇中毒意识改变的疗效观察

目的：观察醒脑静注射液与盐酸纳洛酮注射液治疗急性乙醇中毒患者的意识改变疗效。方法：将69例患者随机分为两组观察疗效。结果：治疗组在各期催醒时间均短于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：醒脑静注射液联合盐酸纳洛酮注射液对急性乙醇中毒患者意识改变明显优于单用盐酸纳洛酮注射液者。     

血液滤过治疗尿毒症皮肤瘙痒临床研究

目的探讨血液滤过治疗尿毒症患者皮肤瘙痒临床疗效及其机制。方法将尿毒症维持血液透析伴有皮肤瘙痒的32例病人,随机分为两组。对照组(16例)继续维持血液透析,治疗组(16例)在血液透析基础上联机应用血液滤过,每周2~3次,每次4 h,疗程1个月,记录皮肤瘙痒消失例数,治疗前后分别查血β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)。结果治疗后治疗组13例皮肤瘙痒消失;对照组无1例皮肤瘙痒消失;血中β2-MG,PTH治疗组下降明显,与对照组比较,P<0.05。结论血液滤过能改善尿毒症皮肤瘙痒症状,亦可降低血中β2-MG,PTH浓度。     

醒脑静注射液治疗急性中毒500例临床评价

目的:探讨醒脑静注射液治疗急性中毒的临床疗效及安全性。方法:急性中毒病例随机分出331例治疗组(应用醒脑静注射液)和169例对照组(未应用醒脑静注射液),进行阴阳性对照。治疗组和对照组之间的基线资料(年龄、性别、病情均为中到重度中毒患者、就诊时间均为0.5—24小时内)是匹配的。结果:治疗组治愈率为65.26%,对照组治愈率为55.03%,醒脑静注射液的作用明显好于对照组(P值<0.05)。结论:醒脑静注射液在不同类型的急性中毒中均有明显临床疗效,无明显毒副作用与不良反应,其安全性可靠,应用范围广。     

血液灌流联合血液透析治疗尿毒症的疗效观察

目的探讨血液灌流与血液透析联合应用尿毒症患者临床中的疗效与对其肾功能的影响。方法选取2018年1月-2019年1月接收的80例尿毒症患者,将单独给予血液透析治疗的40例设为对照组,将给予血液灌流联合血液透析治疗的40例设为试验组,对比两组患者的临床治疗结果。结果治疗后,试验组患者临床治疗的总有效率97.50%明显高于对照组80.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者各项肾功指标试验UN、SCr以及β2-MG水平都显著较对照组低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者的炎性因子CRP、Hcy水平显著较对照组低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前后不良症状的改善情况比较,试验组优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血液灌流与血液透析联合治疗尿毒症临床效果理想,有助于缓解患者的肾功能问题,使炎性因子水平趋于正常,不良症状情况得到缓解,具有较好的安全性。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.