移植肾结石临床处理经验总结

目的总结移植肾并发尿路结石的诊断及治疗经验。方法回顾分析我院7例肾移植术后并发移植肾上尿路结石患者的临床资料。结果 2例移植肾输尿管结石患者,行输尿管镜下钬激光碎石取石术;5例移植肾肾盂结石及输尿管上段结石患者行经皮移植肾穿刺钬激光或超声弹道碎石术;术后肾功能恢复情况良好。结论微创碎石取石技术对于移植肾上尿路结石的治疗有确切疗效。     

B超定位下微创经皮肾镜钬激光治疗肾结石效果分析

目的探讨B超定位下微创经皮肾镜钬激光治疗肾结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年8月—2011年7月我科采用术中B超定位下行微创经皮肾镜碎石术(MPCNL)治疗肾结石58例。结果本组58例患者,结石一期清除率为84.5%(49/58),术中转开放手术1例。5例因术中出血和术野不清而终止手术,留置肾造瘘管改二期碎石术。3例结石(≥0.5 cm)残留者辅以体外冲击波碎石术治疗和药物排石。手术时间70～154 min,平均100 min。术中均未发生气胸、腹腔脏器损伤等严重并发症。结论 B超定位下微创经皮肾镜钬激光治疗肾结石疗效安全、可靠,效果满意。     

经尿道输尿管镜联合经皮肾镜碎石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石

 目的 探讨经尿道输尿管镜联合经皮肾镜碎石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石的可行性和应用效果。方法 56例均为肾复杂性结石合并同侧输尿管结石肾积水。先取截石位,经尿道置入输尿管镜到达输尿管结石部位,插入钬激光光纤直视下行钬激光碎石术,然后置入F5输尿管导管至肾盂,退出输尿管镜保留输尿管导管,膀胱内置入导尿管。然后取俯卧位,在B超定位下穿刺,根据结石情况行经皮肾镜碎石术,碎石设备为第四代气压弹道超声清石系统。碎石完成后,通过经皮肾镜置入F6双J管,如有结石下移至输尿管或置入双J管不顺利,可再次通过截石位,经尿道置入输尿管镜行钬激光碎石或放置双J管。结果 56例均成功,无中转开放手术,无一例出现输尿管损伤或结肠损伤,所有输尿管结石均一期清除干净,56例有48例肾脏结石清除干净,结石一期清除率为78.6%（44/56）,二期结石清除率为80.0%（8/10）,结石总清除率为92.8%（52/56）。结论 对于复杂性肾结石合并同侧输尿管结石,术前无须行体外冲击波碎石术。采取经尿道输尿管镜联合经皮肾镜碎石治疗,可同时取出输尿管全程和肾内的结石,结石清除率高,是处理复杂性上尿路结石安全、可靠实用的方法。     

B超引导下经皮微通道输尿管镜碎石治疗上尿路结石

目的：探讨超声引导下微创经皮输尿管镜取石术（MPCNL）在上尿路结石治疗中的临床疗效及其应用价值。方法：回顾性分析超声引导下微创经皮输尿管镜取石术128例临床资料。结果：128例患者中,一期取净结石90例,二期取净结石19例,中转开放手术1例;20例术后2月仍有残留结石,行体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）后排净。平均手术时间120 min,平均出血量80 mL,平均住院8 d,该组结石取尽率达85.2%;术后无继发性出血、尿外渗、肾盂输尿管穿孔及气胸、腹腔脏器损伤等严重并发症发生。结论：超声引导下行MPCNL治疗上尿路结石具有微创、高效、安全和并发症少等优势,患者术后恢复快,具有临床推广应用价值。     

镜钬激光碎石术与微创经皮肾镜碎石术治疗输尿管结石的对比研究

目的：探讨输尿管上段结石采用微创经皮肾镜碎石术与输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗效果对比。方法选取输尿管上段结石患者80例,随机分组,就输尿管镜钬激光碎石术（ A组）与微创经皮肾镜激光碎石术（ B组）治疗效果进行对比。结果 A组手术时间、住院天数少于B组。 A组碎石成功率、结石排尽率均为92．5％,B组均为100％;A组并发症率为5％,B组为12％,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论采用的两种方法,均有优点。在输尿管上段结石中,输尿管镜钬激光碎石术并发症少,出血少,手术时间短,而微创经皮肾镜碎石法,有较高结石取尽率和排石成功率,故在结石停留时间长、结石较大的患者中较适用,需依据结石大小、部位、输尿管解剖、停留时间等,对微创方案进行选择。     

超声引导微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石联合肾盏憩室颈切开治疗肾盏憩室结石

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石联合肾盏憩室颈切开治疗肾盏憩室结石的临床疗效。方法回顾分析我院采用微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石联合肾盏憩室颈部狭窄切开治疗22例肾盏憩室结石患者的临床资料,总结肾盏憩室结石微创治疗的经验和对策。本组患者女性10例,男性12例;平均年龄35.6岁。其中肾上盏憩室结石10例,肾中盏憩室结石5例,肾结石合并肾盏憩室结石7例。采用B超定位引导直接穿刺结石所在之肾盏憩室,应用钬激光碎石,同时以钬激光切开憩室颈部狭窄。结果7例肾结石合并肾盏憩室结石患者中,5例行一期双通道取石,2例行二期经皮肾镜取石;余15例患者均一期微创经皮肾镜成功取石。术后复查22例均无结石残留。手术时间为25～120min,平均45min;术中出血15～80ml,平均35ml。无术后严重并发症发生,无中转开放手术病例,术后7～12d出院。结论微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石创伤小,清除结石的同时可以应用钬激光行肾盏憩室颈部狭窄的切开,为有症状的肾盏憩室结石患者提供一种微创治疗的选择。     

微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石及输尿管上段结石——附708例报告

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石及输尿管上段结石的有效性、优越性和安全性。方法采用微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石及输尿管上段结石708例,经皮肾扩张后置入鞘,采用输尿管镜直视下配合钬激光将结石粉碎,一次或分次清除结石。结果所有结石患者手术均获成功,无1例中转开放手术,成功率100%。430例肾结石（其中双肾结石87例）,一次取净结石145例,二次取净结石218例,3次取净结石21例,四次取净结石7例,结石总取净率91%,肾盂梗阻解除率100%。198例输尿管上段结石均一次取净结石（其中双侧输尿管结石23例）,总取净率100%。肾结石并输尿管结石80例,结石总取净率94%。手术时间15～128 min,平均73 min。无术中输血及肾盂输尿管穿孔。结论微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石及输尿管上段结石具有碎石效率高、创伤小、疗效可靠、安全性高、治疗时间较短等优点,适合推广应用。     

小儿膀胱结石两种治疗方法的比较

 目的 比较超声引导下经皮膀胱微通道应用第5代EMS气压弹道联合超声吸附碎石清石技术,与经尿道输尿管下至压弹道碎石术治疗小儿膀胱结石的差别。方法 对比分析了2012-03至2015-12,笔者在超声引导下经皮膀胱微通道应用EMS第5代气压弹道联合超声吸附碎石清石技术,治疗小儿膀胱结石27例(治疗组)与经尿道输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗小儿膀胱结石25例(对照组)的临床资料。结果 治疗组碎石及取石时间为(15±3)min,平均手术时间为(20±10)min,术后出院时间为(6±1)d,无尿道损伤和结石残留。对照组碎石及取石时间为(40±6)min,平均手术时间为(45±15)min,术后出院时间为(9±2)d。尿道损伤为4例,结石残留为6例,再次手术3例。两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 超声引导下经皮膀胱微通道应用EMS第5代气压弹道联合超声吸附碎石清石技术,适用于小儿膀胱结石患者,具有微创、安全、净石率高、操作简单、手术时间短、无结石残留、术后恢复快等优点,特别是避免了经尿道反复取石损伤尿道和术后尿道狭窄并发症的风险,值得推广应用。
     

B超引导下经皮肾镜钬激光联合超声碎石清石术治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨B超引导下经皮肾镜钬激光联合超声碎石清石术治疗上尿路结石的安全性和有效性。方法上尿路结石患者376例,其中肾结石患者287例,输尿管上段结石65例。结石最大径0.8～7.5 cm。B超引导下经皮肾穿刺,建立F20工作通道,使用钬激光联合第四代EMS超声碎石清石系统治疗。总结分析手术方法、手术时间、结石清除率及并发症等。结果 376例患者B超引导下1次穿刺成功建立经皮通道,5例因穿刺或扩张时出血明显,及时终止手术。碎石清石总成功率为93.6%(352/376)。287例肾结石患者一期结石清除率为70.0%(201/287),65例输尿管上段结石患者一期结石清除率为95.4(62/65)。二期碎石48例,残留结石最大径0.5～1.0 cm。23例患者行体外震波碎石治疗,残留结石最大径≤0.4 cm。23例患者经体位排石等保守治疗排净。平均手术时间(110.5±28.6)min,术中平均出血量(104±37.2)ml;输血5例。肾造瘘管留置时间平均8 d,术后平均住院时间9 d。大出血3例行选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗后痊愈;术后气胸1例行胸腔闭式引流后痊愈;术后肾周巨大血肿1例,行保守治疗后好转。术后低、中度发热者31例,高热者5例。结论 B超引导下经皮肾镜钬激光联合第四代EMS碎石清石系统治疗上尿路结石创伤小、恢复快、安全高效、并发症少,疗效可靠,是治疗上尿路结石的优先选择。     

经皮肾镜取石术处理肾结石的疗效及并发症观察

目的总结对比输尿管镜手术、微创经皮肾镜手术治疗肾结石的效果、术后并发症。方法将96例肾结石患者随机分为对照组(n=48)和观察组(n=48),对照组予以输尿管镜取石术治疗,观察组采用微创经皮肾镜取石术;对比两组的相关指标。结果两组的平均手术时间、平均住院时间、并发症发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05);观察组结石一次清除率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论微创经皮肾镜取石术结石清除率高,并发症难以避免,应提高手术技巧、加强术后观察来防治并发症。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.