动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后垂体功能减退的临床研究

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）患者术后垂体功能减退情况及其对预后的影响。方法 分析2015年1月—2020年12月在宜春市人民医院治疗的aSAH患者82例。通过检测患者术后血清垂体激素、甲状腺激素、皮质醇、胰岛素样生长因子、睾酮和雌二醇,评估其术后垂体功能减退的发生率。采用多因素Logistic回归分析垂体功能减退的影响因素。应用格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）随访评估患者3个月预后,分析垂体功能减退对患者预后的影响。结果 aSAH患者术后垂体功能减退总体发生率为65.9%（54/82）,垂体性腺轴功能减退发生率最高为51.2%。多因素分析显示Hunt-Hess 3级(OR=4.873,P=0.034)和手术夹闭(OR=4.561,P=0.008)是垂体功能减退的危险因素。垂体功能减退并不影响患者3个月预后（P＞0.05）,在单因素分析中显示垂体肾上腺轴功能减退患者,不良预后发生率为47.1%,高于垂体功能正常患者（P＜0.05）,将年龄、Hunt-Hess分级、动脉瘤部位和手术方式纳入多因素分析时,垂体肾上腺轴功能减退与患者不良预后并不相关(OR=3.218,P=0.322)。结论 aSAH患者手术干预后垂体功能减退发生率高,Hunt-Hess 3级和手术夹闭是垂体功能减退的危险因素,但术后垂体功能减退并不影响患者3个月预后。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛危险因素的分析

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析93例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床资料,研究脑血管痉挛的危险因素.结果 93例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者中共有28例患者(30.1％)发生脑血管痉挛.Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级血管痉挛发生率明显高于Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Fisher分级≥Ⅲ级血管痉挛发生率明显高于Fisher分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);白细胞计数＞ 15×109的患者脑血管痉挛发生率(41.9％,18/43)明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级、Fisher分级≥Ⅲ级、白细胞计数增高是蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的危险因素.     

Outcome 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: relation between cognitive performance and neuroimaging

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cognitive impairment and the association between neuropsychological measures and neuroimaging 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHOD: Forty-two patients were examined clinically according to Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and neuropsychological examination were performed. RESULTS: There were no association between GOS and cognitive impairment index based on the neuropsychological examination. CT showed no sign of cerebral ischemia in 17 (40%) and low attenuating areas indicating cerebral infarction(s) in 25 (60%) patients. A significant correlation (P = 0.01) was observed between the cognitive impairment index and the SPECT index (r = 0.6). SPECT measurement was the only independent predictor for cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: GOS is a crude outcome measure and patients classified with good recoveries may have significant cognitive deficits. Neuropsychological examination is the preferred method for outcome evaluation as this method specifically addresses the disabilities affecting patients' everyday life.     

Risk factors and outcome of seizures after spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background and purpose:  Seizures are important neurologic complications of spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A better understanding of the risk factors of seizures following aneurysmal SAH is needed to predict those who will require treatment.
Methods:  A total of 137 adult patients were enrolled in this two-year retrospective study. Baseline prognostic variables were analyzed based on Cox's proportional hazards model after a minimum of one-year follow-up.
Results:  Seizures occurred in 21 patients who had SAH, including acute symptomatic seizures in 11.7% (16/137) and unprovoked seizures in 3.6% (5/137). None progressed to status epilepticus during hospitalization. After a minimum of one-year follow-up, the mean Glasgow Outcome Score was 3.5 ± 1.4 for patients with seizures and 3.1 ± 1.1 for those without.
Conclusions:  Higher mean World Federation of Neurological Societies grade on presentation was predictive of seizure, but seizure itself was not a significant prognostic predictor after a minimum of one-year follow-up. Regarding potential side effects of anti-epileptic drugs, anti-epileptic therapy should be carefully administered to patients with seizures after aneurysmal SAH.     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血及相关并发症的诊治

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的血管内治疗及相关并发症处理。方法对动脉瘤性SAH患者早期诊断,采用血管内治疗并对其并发症进行处理。结论本组40例动脉瘤行栓塞治疗,其中栓塞达90%者26例,95%栓塞11例,完全栓塞3例。死亡4例,1例保守治疗后出院。结论动脉瘤性SAH的早期诊治及围手术期治疗极其重要,是降低死亡率及致残率的关键,介入治疗受血管痉挛的影响小。     

CT在诊断动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血中的临床应用研究(附140例报道)

目的 探讨CT在诊断动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(ASAH)中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析了140例CT。表现为SAH并拟诊为颅内动脉瘤(AN)的临床病例资料，从中找出AN破裂在CT。上的出血规律。结果 经CT诊断为ASAH140例，其中133例经脑血管造影(DSA)、核磁共振血管造影(MRA)和直接手术证实为AN，7例没有发现AN，CT诊断AN的阳性率为95％。发现不同部位的AN破裂所引起的SAH在CT上的表现不同，其出血有一定规律。结 论通过CT检查，可以初步对AN进行定位和定性诊断，对AN的进一步检查和治疗有重要的临床意义。     

脑灌注压对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑缺血的预测价值

目的探讨脑灌注压(CPP)对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后迟发性脑缺血(DCI)发生的预测价值。方法纳入2016年1月至12月在我院就诊并进行CPP检测的50例aSAH患者,其中19例发生DCI。统计所有患者低于各CPP阈值的时间总比例,通过ROC曲线及二元logisctic回归分析比较CPP与DCI的相关性。结果 CPP低于50 mmHg、55 mmHg、60 mmHg、65 mmHg的时间比例对DCI的预测阈值分别为0.28%(AUC=0.778)、3.0%(AUC=0.756)、10.8%(AUC=0.749)、16.1%(AUC=0.718),经二元logistic回归分析显示均与DCI的发生相关(P0.05)。而CPP低于70 mmHg、75 mmHg、80 mmHg的时间比例对DCI的预测阈值分别为24.8%(AUC=0.697)、49.6%(AUC=0.686)、55.9%(AUC=0.672),经二元logistic回归分析显示均与DCI无相关性(P0.05)。结论 aSAH患者发生DCI的风险与CPP降低有关,而维持CPP在70 mmHg以上可能有助于预防DCI发生。     

Predictive nomogram models for unfavorable prognosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Analysis from a prospective,observational cohort in China

Aim

The aim of the study was to identify predictors for 3-month poor functional outcome or death after aSAH and develop precise and easy-to-use nomogram models.

Methods

The study was performed at the department of neurology emergency in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. A total of 310 aSAH patients were enrolled between October 2020 and September 2021 as a derivation cohort, while a total of 208 patients were admitted from October 2021 to March 2022 as an external validation cohort. Clinical outcomes included poor functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) of 4–6 or all-cause death at 3 months. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, as well as multivariable regression analysis, were applied to select independent variables associated with poor functional outcome or death and then to construct two nomogram models. Model performance were evaluated through discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness in both derivation cohort and external validation cohort.

Results

The nomogram model to predict poor functional outcome included seven predictors: age, heart rate, Hunt-Hess grade on admission, lymphocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet, and direct bilirubin levels. It demonstrated high discrimination ability (AUC, 0.845; 95% CI: 0.787–0.903), satisfactory calibration curve, and good clinical usefulness. Similarly, the nomogram model combining age, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CRP, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and treatment methods to predict all-cause death also revealed excellent discrimination ability (AUC, 0.944; 95% CI: 0.910–0.979), satisfactory calibration curve, and clinical effectiveness. Internal validation showed the bias-corrected C-index for poor functional outcome and death was 0.827 and 0.927, respectively. When applied to the external validation dataset, both two nomogram models exhibited high discrimination capacity [poor functional outcome: AUC = 0.795 (0.716–0.873); death: AUC = 0.811 (0.707–0.915)], good calibration ability, and clinical usefulness.

Conclusions

Nomogram models constructed for predicting 3-month poor functional outcome or death after aSAH are precise and easily applicable, which can help physicians to identify patients at risk, guide decision-making, and provide new directions for future studies to explore the novel treatment targets.     

脑灌注压对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑缺血的预测价值

目的 探讨脑灌注压（CPP）对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）后迟发性脑缺血（DCI）发生的预测价值。方法 纳入2016年1月至12月在我院就诊并进行CPP检测的50例aSAH患者,其中19例发生DCI。统计所有患者低于各CPP阈值的时间总比例,通过ROC曲线及二元logisctic回归分析比较CPP与DCI的相关性。结果 CPP低于50 mmHg、55 mmHg、60 mmHg、65 mmHg的时间比例对DCI的预测阈值分别为0.28%（AUC=0.778）、3.0%（AUC=0.756）、10.8%（AUC=0.749）、16.1%（AUC=0.718）,经二元logistic回归分析显示均与DCI的发生相关（P<0.05）。而CPP低于70 mmHg、75 mmHg、80 mmHg的时间比例对DCI的预测阈值分别为24.8%（AUC=0.697）、49.6%（AUC=0.686）、55.9%（AUC=0.672）,经二元logistic回归分析显示均与DCI无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 aSAH患者发生DCI的风险与CPP降低有关,而维持CPP在70 mmHg以上可能有助于预防DCI发生。     

107例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的多因素分析

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)患者的临床特点及其与预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析大连医科大学附属第二医院神经外科2012年1月至2015年10月收治的107例SAH患者,根据GOS评分将病例分为预后良好组及不良组,采用单因素分析及对多因素Logistic回归分析,探讨上述各因素对预后的影响。结果全部107例患者经单因素分析显示,诱因、动脉瘤大小、Hunt-Hess评分、脑血管痉挛与患者预后明显相关(均P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,诱因(P=0.026)、动脉瘤大小(P=0.002)、Hunt-Hess评分(P=0.016)及脑血管痉挛(P=0.003)为影响a SAH患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 a SAH患者的发病诱因、动脉瘤大小、Hunt-Hess分级和脑血管痉挛是影响患者预后的危险因素。     

高分级动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血合并呼吸抑制患者的手术治疗

目的 评价高分级动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血合并呼吸抑制患者显微手术治疗的疗效.方法 同顾性分析7例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血合并呼吸抑制患者的资料,患者均在进行呼吸功能复苏抢救后急行显微外科手术治疗,以GOS评分量表对患者神经功能评分.结果 7例患者的7个动脉瘤均显微手术夹闭,术后6个月时的GOS评分:恢复良好2例,中度病残但生活自理3例,重度病残、生活不能自理1例,死亡1例.结论 对即使已经合并呼吸抑制的高分级动脉瘤患者急性期手术治疗是可行的,结合及时的气管插管控制呼吸,脑室外引流以及去骨板减压等处理可以帮助改善其预后.     

蛛网膜下腔出血诱导小鼠长期认知功能损害

目的了解蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）小鼠模型是否存在认知功能损害及探讨造成认知功能损害的可能机制。方法经枕大池注射自身动脉血建立SAH小鼠模型;14d时测量大脑主要动脉直径;通过8一臂迷宫实验评估SAH30d后动物空间学习和记忆功能;加高效液相色谱分析海码组织谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸水平。结果SAH后2周,大脑主要动脉无明显痉挛;SAH30d后,小鼠工作记忆能力和参考记忆能力明显低于对照组和假手术组（P〈0．05）;SAH后24h、48h和72h,海马区谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸含量明显增高（P〈0．01）,30d后,这两种氨基酸的浓度明显下降（P〈0．05）。结论SAH不引起迟发性脑血管痉挛,但可引起小鼠长时间认知功能损害。SAH引起急性脑血流量降低,海马区兴奋性氨基酸大量释放,可能引起海马区神经细胞损害,迟发性海马区兴奋性氨基酸（EAA）降低和认知功能损害是海马损害后的结果。     

阿托伐他汀钙对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的作用及机制

目的研究阿托伐他汀钙对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(a SAH)后血管痉挛(CVS)的影响及机制。方法连续收集2013年03月至2015年11月收治的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者共62例,随机分为研究组(33例)与对照组(29例)。对照组给予常规治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上加服阿托伐他汀钙(20 mg/qn,连服14 d)。于发病后第1天、第3天、第7天和第14天检测分析两组患者大脑中动脉平均血流速度(VMCA)及血清中内皮素血管肽-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)水平。同时,比较两组患者脑血管痉挛(CVS)的发生率、迟发型脑梗死和复发出血的发生率以及Modified Rankin Scale score量表(mRS)评分。结果在第7天、第14天研究组的VMCA、ET-1均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在第3天、第7天、第14天,研究组NO含量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组脑血管痉挛的发生率较对照组低(36.36%vs.65.52%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组mRS评分≤2分所占比例较对照组高(75.76%vs.44.83%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。迟发型脑梗死和再发出血的发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀钙能够减少蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的发生,并促进神经功能恢复,其机制可能与改善血管内皮舒缩功能有关。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后慢性脑积水形成相关危险因素分析

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后慢性脑积水形成的危险因素。方法回顾分析170例aSAH患者临床资料,应用出血后3周的CT评价aSAH后慢性脑积水;先将可能的危险因素与脑积水之间行显著性检验,再用多元回归加以明确,得到回归方程。结果 aSAH后慢性脑积水易患因素依次为入院时较高Hunt-Hess分级(P=0.006)、反复多次出血(P=0.007)、高龄(P=0.010)。结论 aSAH后慢性脑积水形成为多因素共同作用的结果。     

Long-term domain-specific improvement following poor grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background While efforts have been made to document short-term outcomes following poor grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), no data exist concerning the degree of delayed improvement in neurological function. Here we assess cognitive function, level of independence, and quality of life (QoL) over 12 months following poor grade aSAH. Methods Data on definitively treated poor grade patients (Hunt and Hess grade IV or V) surviving 12 months post-aSAH were obtained through a prospectively maintained SAH database. Demographic information, medical history, and clinical course were analyzed. Health outcomes assessments completed by surviving patients at discharge (DC), three months (3 M) and 12 months (12 M) follow-up, including the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), Barthel Index (BI), and Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), were used to evaluate cognitive function, level of independence, and QoL. Findings Fifty-six poor grade patients underwent aneurysm-securing intervention and survived at least 12 months post-aSAH. Thirty-five (63%) surviving patients underwent health outcomes assessments at DC, 3 M and 12 M post-aSAH. A majority of patients had improved scores on the TICS (DC to 3 M: 91%; 3 M to 12 M: 82%), BI (DC to 3 M: 96%; 3 M to 12 M: 92%), and SIP (3 M to 12 M: 80%) following aSAH. Using paired-sample analyses, significant improvement on each test was observed. Conclusion A substantial portion of patients experience cognitive recovery, increased independence, and improved QoL following poor grade aSAH. Delayed follow-up assessments are necessary when evaluating functional recovery in this population. These findings have the potential to impact poor grade aSAH management and prognosis. Received in revised form: 24 July 2005     

脑动脉瘤破裂出血后脑脊液中miRNA-3177-3p与脑血管痉挛的发病关系及临床意义

目的 测定动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）后脑血管痉挛（CV）患者与脑血管未痉挛患者脑脊液中miRNA-3177-3p的表达情况,探讨其与CV的发病关系及临床意义。方法 将29例aSAH患者分成脑血管痉挛组（CV组）与脑血管未痉挛组（non-CV组）。比较两组患者的一般临床资料;通过生物信息数据分析确定miRNA-3177-3p作为研究对象,测定两组患者脑脊液中miRNA-3177-3p实际表达情况并比较差异;预测miRNA-3177-3p下游靶基因ATP1B3,构建ATP1B3质粒,双萤光素酶报告实验验证miRNA-3177-3p与ATP1B3靶向关系;最后,ELISA法测定两组患者脑脊液中ATP1B3转录产物ATP1β3含量并比较差异。结果 CV组患者Hunt评级高于non-CV组（P<0.05）;CV组脑脊液中miRNA-3177-3p表达丰度为（0.873±0.044）,与non-CV组（0.908±0.034）比较,差异有统计学意义（t=2.157,P=0.040）;双萤光素酶报告实验结果显示,与miRNA-3177-3p作用后,ATP1B3-3′UTR区相较对照组活性降低15%（P<0.05）;将ATP1B3-3′UTR区进行突变,ATP1B3-3′UTR区相较突变前活性上升14%（P<0.05）;ELISA法证实表达产物ATP1β3在CV组脑脊液中（1.776±0.013）ng/mL高于non-CV组（1.722±0.016）ng/mL（t=7.778,P=0.000）。结论 CV患者脑脊液中miRNA-3177-3p表达下调,ATP1B3高表达可能参与了CV的发病过程,该机制可能在预测与治疗CV上具有一定临床意义。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(3): 6-11]