瑞金市农村中小学生肠道寄生虫感染现状

目的了解农村中小学校肠道寄生虫感染现状和相关影响因素,为制定针对性的防控策略提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,选择10所农村寄宿制学校进行肠道寄生虫感染现状调查,取调查学生新鲜粪便,采用改良加藤厚涂片法于显微镜下检查肠道寄生虫卵,并用问卷法调查个人卫生知识与日常生活卫生行为情况,用现场询问观察法调查学校供水和厕所卫生设施状况。结果农村中小学生肠道寄生虫感染率为14.95%,其中蛔虫感染率为10.95%,感染度为1 293.00,轻、中度感染各占76.48%和23.52%;鞭虫感染率为6.23%,感染度为363.66,均为轻度感染。学生肠道寄生虫感染与个人日常生活卫生行为和学校厕所卫生设施状况密切相关。结论中小学生肠道寄生虫感染率仍较高,防控措施应包括注重学生个人良好卫生习惯的培养,积极改善卫生环境。     

城郊某小学学生寄生虫感染及痢疾带菌调查

目的通过城郊某小学学生的蛔虫、鞭虫等土源性线虫感染情况及痢疾健康带菌情况的调查分析,制定城乡结合部其特殊地理位置小学的相应健康教育及疾病预防方案。方法收集7~13岁小学生粪便,采用改良加藤氏法进行寄生虫卵检测和粪便细菌培养检查痢疾杆菌。结果共检查小学生245人,寄生虫感染10人,感染率4.08%,其中蛔虫、鞭虫感染率分别为2.04%和1.63%,1例为蛔鞭混合感染,感染率0.41%。感染率较高的为8~9岁,10~11岁两个年龄段,感染率分别为7.81%、5.68%。痢疾带菌率为0.82%,其中10~11岁带菌率2.27%。结论加强城郊小学生健康知识教育,使小学生养成良好的卫生习惯,降低小学生肠道寄生虫感染度和痢疾杆菌带菌率,提高小学生健康水平。     

三亚市小学生肠道寄生虫感染状况

了解三亚市小学生肠道寄生虫感染情况,为今后更好地开展防治工作提供依据.方法 分层整群随机抽取三亚市10所市区小学和4所乡镇小学的2 790名小学生,采用改良加藤法检验粪便中的蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵、钩虫卵.结果 三亚市小学生肠道寄生虫总感染率为6.99%,其中蛔虫感染占53.79%,鞭虫感染占42.06%,钩虫感染占4.15%.乡镇小学生感染率明显高于城市小学生(x2=114.20,P<0.01),城市及乡镇小学生感染率均随年龄的增长而下降(x2值分别为11.62,36.47,P值均<0.05),乡镇小学男生感染率明显高于女生(x2 =4.23,P<0.05).结论 三亚市乡镇小学生肠道寄生虫感染率仍较高.应加强健康教育,改善卫生条件,整治环境卫生,将防治重点放在农村.     

我校新生肠道寄生虫感染情况调查分析

目的 了解我校新生人体肠道寄生虫感染现状,以便及时有效的加以防治.方法 采用生理盐水直接涂片法检查粪便中的寄生虫虫卵、并统计检验结果.结果 共化验大便标本833份,调查出我校新生共有4种肠道寄生虫感染,虫卵检出阳性人数354例,占总人数的42.50%,其中蛔虫虫卵检出324例,占总人数38.90%,钩虫虫卵检出10例,占总人数1.2%,蛲虫虫卵检出12例,占总人数1.44%,鞭虫虫卵检出8例,占总数0.96%.结论 我校新生肠道寄生虫感染率较高.应加强健康教育,改善卫生条件,讲究个人卫生,加强预防知识教育,改变不良蔬菜种植方式和不良饮食习惯,加强重点人群药物驱虫从而降低我校新生肠道寄生虫的感染率.     

339名中小学生肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

目的对中小学生肠道寄生虫感染情况进行调查,为临床防治提供依据。方法 2012年9月选择泗洪县峰山乡中小学校在校学生339名作为调查对象,从学校收集学生采集当日的新鲜粪便送检,采用改良加藤厚片法和饱和盐水漂浮法分别进行肠道寄生虫卵的检测。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果小学生肠道寄生虫感染率(18.23%)高于中学生(8.82%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.823,P<0.05)。男生与女生肠道寄生虫感染情况比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.600,P>0.05)。49名感染者,钩虫感染占65.31%,蛔虫感染占28.57%,鞭虫感染占6.12%。结论中小学生肠道寄生虫感染率仍然较高,应采取有针对性的防治措施,以降低其感染率。     

樟树市小学生2009年肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

目的了解樟树市小学生肠道寄生虫感染现状,探讨防治策略。方法随机抽取樟树市5所小学1000名学生,采取改良加藤厚涂片法(KATO-KOTZ)查肠道寄生虫卵。结果共检出肠道寄生虫感染者258人,总感染率为25.8%。蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率分别为23.4%,1.9%,0.5%,其中蛔虫感染者占检出者的90.7%,为主要感染虫种。5所小学学生感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.34,P0.05)。男生感染率(26.1%)与女生(25.3%)差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.08,P0.05)。结论樟树市小学生肠道寄生虫感染情况不容忽视,应及时开展健康教育及服药驱虫工作,控制人群感染。     

东海县中学生肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

目的了解东海县中学生肠道寄生虫病流行现状,为学校开展健康教育和制定防治方案提供依据。方法按照《全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》的方法和要求,调查中学生重要肠道寄生虫感染率和感染度,收集有关社会经济和防治工作资料并进行分析。结果 2个点共调查1 983人,查出重要肠道寄生虫感染者35人,总感染率1.77%,高中学生总感染率为1.42%,农村和城镇的感染率分别为1.61%和1.22%,初中学生总感染率为2.11%,农村和城镇的感染率分别为2.41%和1.81%。共查出重要肠道寄生虫3种,肠道线虫钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫的感染率分别为0.50%、1.11%、0.25%,感染度均为轻度,多重感染占5.71%。结论东海县中学生肠道寄生虫仍以肠道线虫占绝对优势,鞭虫感染率相对较高,流行水平较10年前大幅度下降,高中学生和初中学生及农村和城镇学生的流行水平差异均无统计学意义,影响因素与防治工作开展情况及卫生习惯有关。     

安徽省长丰县杨庙287名中小学生肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

寄生虫病是中小学生的常见病,为了解杨庙地区农村中小学肠道寄生虫的感染情况,采用改良加藤厚片法和饱和盐水漂浮法进行了肠道寄生虫卵的检测,检测结果显示常见肠道寄生线虫感染率为16.38%,主要是钩虫及蛔虫感染率较高。建议疾控部门和学校要进一步加强中小学生卫生知识和健康教育,培养学生良好的卫生习惯,科学合理地指导学生服用驱虫药物。     

永德县农村居民肠道寄生虫感染调查分析

目的 为了解和掌握永德县农村居民肠道寄生虫感染现状,为制定肠道寄生虫防治措施提供依据.方法 抽取文化、交通、生活、卫生习惯等条件为好、中、差的3个乡镇,即对永康、德党、乌木龙3个乡(镇)18个自然村的>2岁的农村居民进行整群抽样调查,调查其肠道寄生虫感染情况.结果 共调查3个乡(镇)农村居民1488人,肠道寄生虫感染阳性1254人,总感染率为84.27%;发现12种肠道寄生虫(蠕虫5种,原虫7种).蠕虫、原虫感染率分别为75.00%和16.87%;蛔虫、钩虫感染率分别为66.94%、41.94%;蛲虫阳性率为15.81%(52/329).最多的有1人同时感染6种寄生虫.不同地区的总感染率、蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);总感染率以及蛔虫、钩虫的感染率在佤族、彝族、汉族、傣族人群间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);2～6.7-16、≥17岁3个年龄组人群的总感染率及蛔虫、钩虫的感染率比较.差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01).结论 永德县肠道寄生虫病主要流行于文化和生活落后、卫生条件和卫生习惯较差的地区.应积极开展健康教育,广泛宣传寄生虫病防治知识,提高农村居民的文化素质、改变不良卫生习惯,积极开展群众性驱虫工作,切断传染源,把肠道寄生虫感染率降到最低水平.     

果洛州大武地区中小学生肠寄生虫感染情况调查

1985年8～11月份,我们用“加藤法”对果洛川大武地区的中小学生的肠寄生虫感染情况作了调查。结果:调查1619名,其中,鞭虫感染率小学生为5.30%,中学生为3.60%(P>0.05)。蛔虫感染率小学生为34.20%,中学生27.63%(P<0.005)。汉、藏民族学生肠寄生虫感染情况比较发现:汉族学生蛔虫感染率为36.20%、鞭虫为6.07%;藏族学生蛔虫感染率为22.51%,鞭虫为1.66%,有显著     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.