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??Objective    To study the anatomic features of medial sural artery perforator flap and provide anatomic evidence for its clinical application. Methods    Totally 10 lower limbs preserved in formaldehyde from cadavers of adults were used to observe the anatomy of medial and lateral sural artery. Between April of 2010 and April of 2011?? 14 clinical cases were reconstructed by using medial sural artery perforator flap??perforator data were collected. Results    In all 10 specimens the mean number??median  of total perforators was 2.5??ranging 1 to 6??. All perforators were in an area between 5.0 cm and 19.0 cm from the popliteal crease and between 1.0 cm and 6.0 cm from the midline of the gastrocnemius muscles. In clinical study?? the mean number??median of total perforators was 2.0??ranging 0 to 4??. All perforators were in an area between 5.0 cm and 19.0 cm from the popliteal crease and between 0 cm and 5.8 cm from the midline of the gastrocnemius muscles. Most perforators entered the medial gastrocnemius muscle at a relative distance of one-fifth to one-third of the lower leg length measured from the popliteal crease. Conclusion    The medial sural artery perforator flap provides a constant anatomy with a long pedicle. It is a good alternative for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction of defects.     

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??Objective    To evaluate the sealing effect of a dentin adhesive in Class??restorations. Methods    Standardized mixed Class??cavities??2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm??were prepared in 120 extracted premolars that were randomly assigned to 4 groups??n=30 for each group??. Three adhesive systems??All Bond Universal??total-etch and self-etch????Prime & Bond NT??and G bond and resin composite??were applied to each group following manufactures′ instructions. The teeth were immersed in 50 % ammoniacal silver nitrate and depth of penetration was evaluated under a microscope??and data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results    Microleakage was observed in all groups. All Bond Universal??total-etch??scores were lower than the other two groups??P??0.05??. There was no difference between total-etch and self-etch when All Bond Universal was used??P??0.05??. Higher microleakage scores were observed along the gingival margin than along the occlusal margin in all groups??P??0.05??. Conclusion    New universal adhesive ??All Bond Universal?? is a convenient and efficient adhesive. Total-etch and self-etch have no influence on marginal microleakage the long-term effect need further study.     

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目的探讨透明质酸钠关节上腔和关节下腔注射在治疗颞下颌关节骨关节病中的疗效。方法选择2006年7月至2009年2月威海市立医院口腔门诊适合注射透明质酸钠的46例颞下颌关节骨关节病患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组25例采用关节下腔注射透明质酸钠,对照组21例采用关节上腔注射,比较两组疗效的差异。结果张口度对照组平均增加(0.96±0.13)cm,试验组平均增加(1.28±0.09)cm,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);关节疼痛对照组平均缓解(23.43±9.62)mm,试验组平均缓解(29.08±10.51)mm,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后3个月至6个月的症状改善进行比较,张口度对照组变化为(0.01±0.03)cm,试验组为(0.08±0.04)cm,差异无统计学意义;关节疼痛改善对照组为(1.64±0.56)mm,试验组为(4.24±0.79)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论透明质酸钠关节上、下腔注射对颞下颌关节骨关节病确有疗效,关节下腔注射较上腔注射对缓解患者的关节疼痛和改善张口度的效果更为明显,且对疼痛缓解的作用时间更持久。     

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目的    探讨重组人表皮生长因子（rhEGF）凝胶治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床疗效。方法    采用随机平行对照试验方法,将2007-2009年辽宁省人民医院口腔科收治64例复发性口腔溃疡（ROU）患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组用rhEGF凝胶局部涂药,对照组给予2%碘甘油局部涂药,分组观察,2组均治疗至溃疡愈合或2周止。结果    试验组患者溃疡平均愈合时间为（3.52±1.29）d,对照组为（7.58±2.07）d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。试验组总有效率（96.9%）明显高于对照组（62.5%）（P < 0.05）。结论    重组人表皮生长因子凝胶对口腔溃疡创面具有明显的促进愈合作用,应用方便、安全。     

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??Objective??To assess the efficacy of oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate in the treatment of infantile parotid hemangiomas. Methods??Twenty-seven infants with parotid hemangiomas were hospitalized in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery?? Hospital of Stomatology?? China Medical University??from September 2013 to September 2015. The study group consisted of 9 males and 17 females?? aged between 2 months to 9 months?? with a median age of 4.8 months. The lesions were all located in the parotid region??and measured between 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm and 7.0 cm × 6.0 cm ×3.0 cm in size. Propranolol was administered orally at a dose of 1.0??1.5 mg/??kg·d???? 0.5% timolol maleate eye drop solution was applied topically with medical cotton swabs to the area of the lesion twice a day. The therapy duration was 12 to 32 weeks?? averaged 20.3 weeks. The follow-up duration was from 3 months to 12 months?? averaged 8.4 months. Record the colors?? volumes?? textures?? and ultrasonic results of hemangiomas before the treatments and at the end of treatments. Results??Of the 27 patients??21 demonstrated an excellent response ??77.8%????4 showed a good response ??14.8%????and 2 displayed a moderate response ??7.4%????cure rate was 77.8%??and effective rate was 100%. Conclusion??Overall??oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate is an effective treatment method for infantile parotid hemangioma??and is worth promoting.     

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目的研究前方牵引联合唇挡矫治替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错的临床疗效。方法选择2010—2011年大庆油田总医院集团五官医院口腔正畸科门诊就诊的替牙期上颌发育不足的骨性Ⅲ类错患者30例。随机分为试验组和对照组,各15例。试验组使用前方牵引联合唇挡进行矫治;对照组则仅使用前方牵引矫治。在治疗前后对所有患者进行X线头影测量分析并比较组间差异。结果试验组治疗前后变化差值与对照组比较,X线头影测量分析结果显示,SNA、ANB、U1-SN、U1-NA角、U1-NA距、Ptm-U6差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);模型测量结果显示,TAL、AD、拥挤度差异亦均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论采用前方牵引和唇挡联合矫治替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错,可有效消除单一采用前方牵引矫治带来的负面影响,是一种切实可行的办法。     

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目的    评价自锁矫治器和直丝弓矫治器非拔牙矫治前后对安氏Ⅰ类错牙合患者牙弓形态的影响。方法       选择2007—2010年沈阳市口腔医院正畸门诊骨性I类、安氏I类错牙合畸形患者40例,采用SmartClipTM自锁矫治器（自锁组）和MBT直丝弓矫治器（MBT组）矫治,各20例。制取矫治前后模型,利用MICROTEK i800型扫描仪扫描入计算机中,利用Photoshop软件对模型上的15个标志点进行定点,使用E-ruler软件对每个模型上各标志点的横、纵坐标值及尖牙宽度、磨牙宽度、尖牙深度、磨牙深度进行测量比较。结果    自锁组和MBT组矫治后的牙弓宽度及深度均较矫治前增加,差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）,但两组矫治后的尖牙宽度、磨牙宽度、尖牙深度、磨牙深度的增加量比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。结论    SmartClipTM自锁托槽矫治器与MBT直丝弓矫治器同样对牙弓有较好扩弓作用,可广泛应用于临床。     

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目的    探讨可吸收性胶原生物膜应用于齿槽裂植骨修复的临床效果。方法    选择2006—2009年在广东省口腔医院口腔颌面外科就诊的单侧齿槽裂患者108例,年龄9 ~ 13岁,随机分为2组。对照组60例单纯应用髂骨松质骨行植骨修复,试验组48例应用髂骨松质骨加可吸收胶原生物膜覆盖行植骨修复。术后1周及3、6、12个月行X线检查。结果    试验组植骨成活率和临床成功率（97.9%、79.2%）高于对照组（86.7%、58.3%）,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论    自体髂骨加可吸收胶原生物膜联合应用于齿槽裂植骨修复中,可有效提高植骨成功率,为后续治疗提供更好保障,值得临床推广。     

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??Objective    To explore the responses of patients with all types of burning mouth syndrome to low-level laser therapy. Methods    Totally 90 BMS patients were randomly divided into 3 groups??30 cases in each group. Group A and B were treated with low-level laser?? and therapeutic regimens were one time a day for continuous irradiation of 20 days??group A???? and every other day for ten times??group B???? respectively. Group C was treated with non-irradiation light?? one time a day for continuous irradiation of 20 days. Group A?? B and C were all given routine medication. Before and after the treatment and in the one-month follow-up?? the pain ??VAS score?? and the total effective rates were measured. Results    Statistically significant difference ??P??0.05?? was found between group A and B in the change of VAS after treatment?? and the total effective rates of group A and B were significantly higher than that of group C. The total effective rate of type 2 BMS was significantly higher than that of type1 and 3. There was no significant difference among groups and types of BMS in the VAS scores and the total effective rates between one-month follow-up and after the treatment ??P??0.05??. Conclusion    Low-level laser is effective in the treatment of BMS?? especially for type 2. In a certain period of time?? there is no difference in the effect with different irradiation times under the same irradiation dose parameters.     

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目的探讨金栀洁龈含漱液对中重度牙周炎患者的临床治疗效果。方法选择2009年10月至2010年10月在辽宁省人民医院口腔科就诊的中重度牙周炎患者60例,牙周基础治疗后,随机分为2组,试验组选取中药金栀洁龈含漱液对牙周袋进行冲洗维护,对照组常规选取双氧水进行牙周袋冲洗维护,两组治疗前后均进行牙周病相关临床指标菌斑指数(PLI)、出血指数(BI)、探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)的记录及龈沟液中炎性因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)质量浓度的测定。结果经过5周的牙周系统治疗和金栀洁龈含漱液、双氧水的牙周袋冲洗治疗后,试验组和对照组牙周炎患者的BI、PD、AL及龈沟液中IL-6质量浓度均比治疗前有改善,但试验组比对照组改善更加明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组和对照组PLI的组间对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论金栀洁龈含漱液在治疗中重度牙周炎患者时疗效显著,值得在临床上推广使用。     

显微超声技术处理根管阻塞的临床应用

目的评价牙科手术显微镜和超声器械联合使用处理阻塞根管的临床效果。方法选择因钙化、器械分离、根管桩、塑化物等造成的阻塞根管236个为研究对象,在牙科手术显微镜下使用专用超声器械进行根管再通畅治疗,统计成功率。结果236个阻塞根管中,成功再通畅的根管有178个,成功率为75.4%。钙化根管再通的成功率为71.7%,取分离器械的成功率为81.1%,根管桩取出率为100%,塑化根管再治疗成功率为62.5%,取根管内充填物的成功率为84.1%。结论牙科手术显微镜和超声器械联合使用,为临床处理阻塞根管提供了有效的方法。     

应用显微超声技术治疗老年人阻塞根管的临床分析

目的:评价根管显微镜和超声器械联合使用处理老年患者阻塞根管的临床效果。方法:选择因弯曲钙化等造成的203个老年患者的阻塞根管为研究对象,在手术显微镜下使用超声器械进行根管再通畅治疗,去除髓腔内及根管中上段钙化组织,经探查并疏通根管,统计根管疏通成功率。结果:203个阻塞根管中,成功再通畅的根管有148个,成功率72.9%,钙化部位不同对根管疏通率的影响有统计学差异。结论:根管显微镜和超声器械联合使用,为临床处理老年患者阻塞根管提供了有效的方法,对于疏通弯曲钙化根管具有明显效果。     

显微超声技术治疗阻塞根管的临床疗效评价

目的:评价显微超声技术治疗阻塞根管的临床疗效和并发症的预防,以期为临床治疗提供指导。方法:收集近5年来因根管钙化、器械折断、根管桩、根管充填物、塑化物导致的阻塞根管434个(295牙)。其中钙化根管138个(95牙),器械折断50个(50牙),根管桩55个(55牙),根管充填物88个(53牙),塑化物103个(42牙),使用显微超声技术进行根管再疏通治疗,统计疏通的成功率。结果:434个根管成功疏通343个,成功率为79%。其中钙化根管疏通成功率为69.6%,器械折断根管疏通的成功率为68%,根管桩导致的根管阻塞疏通成功率为96.4%,根管充填物导致的根管阻塞疏通成功率为100%,塑化物导致的根管阻塞疏通成功率为69.9%。结论:显微超声技术是一种对阻塞根管行之有效的治疗方法。     

显微超声技术处理疑难根管的临床疗效分析

目的　评价牙科手术显微镜（Dental operating microscope,DOM）联合超声技术在疑难根管治疗中的临床应用效果。方法　选择因根管钙化、器械折断、根管内塑化物或锌汀、台阶、遗漏根管、根管壁侧穿等原因,无法进行常规根管治疗的患牙386颗,共625个根管,在DOM下联合超声技术进行治疗,分析疗效。结果　274颗患牙成功完成治疗,成功率为71.0%;473个根管成功完成治疗,成功率为75.7%。钙化根管的疏通率为74.5%,根管内折断器械的取出率为73.0%,根管内锌汀的去除率为100.0%,塑化根管的疏通率为77.3%,台阶的通过率为72.0%,遗漏根管的定位率为82.1%,根管壁侧穿的修补率为72.7%。结论　显微超声技术为疑难根管的治疗提供有效的解决方案。     

应用牙科手术显微镜探寻钙化阻塞根管66例的情况分析

目的　利用牙科手术显微镜对肉眼难以找寻的钙化阻塞根管进行预备。方法　 选择肉眼无法找到和扩通的钙化阻塞根管病例66例,81颗牙齿,在显微镜下寻找根管口,再使用显微镜超声根管工作尖处理根管完成预备。结果　 钙化阻塞根管疏通的总数为65个,成功率80.25%。结论　 在钙化阻塞的根管治疗中,应用牙科手术显微镜完善根管预备,有助于提高根管治疗的成功率。     

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目的评价根管显微镜和超声联合应用技术对疑难根管处理的临床应用效果。方法总结2007年4月至2008年3月于滨州医学院附属烟台口腔医院特需门诊就诊并接受显微超声联合根管治疗的疑难病例177例资料,共210个根管,包括折断器械、根管内水门汀样充填物和根管内塑化物、根管钙化、根管侧穿。结果应用根管显微镜超声联合技术处理折断器械、根管内原充填物、根管钙化、根管侧穿的成功率分别为82.35%、82.14%、76.32%、100%;重度弯曲根管侧穿的发生率为35.14%。结论根管显微镜联合超声技术可以使许多疑难根管得到完善的治疗;各种原因导致的重度弯曲根管的阻塞在应用显微超声技术时应注意避免根管侧穿的发生。     

显微超声技术应用于钙化根管治疗的相关研究

显微超声技术是一种可以有效提高钙化根管治疗成功率的新方法,显微镜的放大和照明系统将传统牙髓治疗从盲目变为可视,为根管治疗尤其是钙化根管的彻底治疗提供了重要保证,因此在口腔临床中得到了广泛应用。本文将对显微超声技术应用于钙化根管治疗的相关研究进行综述。     

应用显微超声技术进行根管再治疗的临床评价

目的探讨牙科手术显微镜结合超声工作器械进行根管再治疗的临床效果。方法选取需要进行根管再治疗的111例患者的124颗患牙164个根管为研究对象,使用显微超声技术进行再治疗,统计根管再治疗的成功率。结果124颗患牙中,103颗完成了根管再治疗并获得临床成功,其成功率为83.06%;按根管数计算,164个根管有136个治疗成功,成功率为82.93%。按根管数计算,去除根管钙化物和取根管内塑化物的成功率分别为85.29%和83.33%,寻找遗漏根管和去除根管桩的成功率分别为86.67%和100%,取根管内分离器械和去除根管内台阶的成功率较低,均为66.67％。结论显微超声技术在牙髓病治疗中的应用为根管再治疗提供了有效的治疗手段。     

根管手术显微镜在根管治疗术中的应用

根管解剖结构复杂,根管手术显微镜因其良好的光源和适当的放大倍数,无疑能在根管治疗术中发挥重要的作用。该文就根管手术显微镜的组成、特点及其在根管治疗术中的应用作一综述。     

疑难根管再治疗中显微超声技术的临床应用

目的：评价显微超声技术在疑难根管再治疗中的应用。方法：选取需要根管再治疗的前牙56颗,62个根管,在根管显微镜下,采用超声根管锉,顺利疏通根管后,常规完成根管预备和根管充填,观察并评价临床疗效。结果：62个根管中,疏通了21个钙化根管,取根管内断械6个,去除根管桩7个,寻找遗漏根管11个,修补根管侧壁穿孔6个,发现根管内吸收1个,根尖封闭10个,成功完成56颗患牙（62个根管）再治疗。结论：显微超声技术在疑难根管再治疗中可以提供有效的治疗手段,提高临床治疗成功率。