Rare case of coronary to pulmonary vein fistula with coronary steal phenomenon

Coronary artery fistulas are abnormal connections between coronary artery territories and cardiac chambers or major vessels,most of them are congenital.Patients with coronary artery fistula can be asymptomatic or present with different symptoms like angina.Cardiac computed tomography(CT)is one of the best modalities for diagnosis.We present an elderly patient that presented with angina symptoms,non invasive stress test was positive for ischemic heart disease,coronary angiogram could not reveal any obstructive lesions,but an abnormal branch of the left descending coronary artery(LAD),cardiac CT showed fistula that connect left anterior descending coronary artery to left superior pulmonary vein.Our case is extremely rare as most of the reported cases were fistulas between LAD and pulmonary artery,but in our case the fistula between LAD and left superior pulmonary vein.In addition,our patients’symptoms resolved with anti-ischemic medical treatment without any surgical intervention.     

冠状动脉造影中冠状动脉先天性变异的分析

目的:分析冠状动脉先天性变异的冠状动脉造影表现,探讨冠状动脉造影的诊断价值。方法:2003年1月～2007年12月在武汉钢铁公司总医院行冠状动脉造影的患者900例,对其结果进行回顾性分析。结果:共检出67例冠状动脉先天性变异,检出率为7.44%。其中检出冠状动脉瘘9例,检出率为1.00%,并以冠状动脉-右心室瘘最为多见。12例为冠状动脉起源和分布异常,占1.33%,并以右冠状动脉的先天性变异为多见。检出冠状动脉心肌桥(壁冠状动脉)46例,检出率为5.11%,并以左前降支心肌桥多见。结论:冠状动脉先天性变异的临床症状和体征多不典型或缺如,冠状动脉造影是确诊各种冠状动脉先天性变异的重要手段。     

血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变中的临床应用

因冠状动脉复杂病变或经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）并发内膜夹层12例，成功植入冠状动脉支架（CS）17支，取得显著临床效果，且并发症少。初步结果提示，冠心病介入治疗中选择性应用CS，有益于PTCA后急性并发症的防治，亦可减少冠状动脉再狭窄的形成。     

老年冠状动脉瘘8例

目的 探讨老年冠状动脉瘘的特点。方法 对8例老年冠状动脉瘘病例的临床症状,体征,辅助检查的综合分析。结果 心肌缺血是老年冠状动脉瘘的主要表现,易误诊为冠心病。结论长期出现心肌缺血症状的患者,随着的年龄的增加,症状越来越明显,应考虑诊断冠状动脉瘘,冠状动脉造影是确诊冠状动脉瘘的最可靠的方法。     

冠心病患者冠状动脉病变与心率变异性的关系

目的了解冠心病患者冠状动脉病变与心率变异性的关系，探讨心率变异性在评估冠心病病情方面的作用及意义。方法所有111例病人均行冠状动脉造影及24h动态心电图检查，按冠状动脉造影结果分为至少有一支冠状动脉完全阻塞、至少有一支冠状动脉有不同程度狭窄病变、冠状动脉造影完全正常3组；通过动态心电图检查计算心率变异性的时域指标：SDNN、SDANNind、SDNNind、rMSSD、PNN50，用SPSS12．0统计软件包对比不同冠状动脉病变之间心率变异性的差异。结果①随冠状动脉狭窄程度加重，心率变异性指标：SDNN、SDANNind、SDNNind渐下降，完全阻塞组这些指标下降最显著；②随冠状动脉病变支数增加，心率变异性指标：SDNN、SDANNind、SDNNind、rMSSD、PNN50有进一步下降趋势，但只有三支病变心率变异性下降才有统计学意义；③左冠状动脉病变心率变异性指标：SDNN、SDANNind明显下降，而右冠状动脉病变下降不明显。结论冠心病患者心率变异性明显下降提示冠状动脉狭窄程度重、病变范围广、病变在左冠状动脉，这对冠心病患者病情评估有一定意义。     

冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄危险因素及临床意义

目的　探讨冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄发病率及危险因素 ,以及冠状动脉造影同时行肾动脉造影的必要性。方法　对 114例接受冠状动脉造影患者同时行肾动脉造影。结果　 114例患者中 ,肾动脉狭窄发病率 18 4% ,经冠状动脉造影证实的 77例冠心病中肾动脉狭窄发病率 2 6 % ,冠状动脉造影正常的 37例中肾动脉狭窄发病率 2 7% ,冠心病患者中肾动脉狭窄发病率明显高于非冠心病组(P <0 0 1)。结论　冠心病患者有较高的肾动脉狭窄的发生率 ,应该在冠状动脉造影明确冠状动脉病变后 ,常规行肾动脉造影。     

Double left anterior descending coronary artery arising from the left and right coronary arteries: a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly

Double left anterior descending coronary artery arising from the left and right coronary arteries is a very rare congenital coronary artery anomaly. In this report, we describe a patient with double left anterior descending coronary artery originating from the left and right coronary arteries. To the best of our knowledge, dual connection of the left anterior descending coronary artery to the left and right coronary arteries has been described in only five patients.     

Robotic coronary artery bypass for aberrant right coronary artery stenosis

Anomalous coronary arteries that course between the aorta and pulmonary artery are subject to compressive forces and can manifest angina, myocardial infarction and sudden death. The current report presents a young, female patient who presented with a short duration of severe, rapidly progressive angina despite optimal medical therapy. Combined computed tomography and myocardial perfusion scanning identified an anomalous dominant right coronary artery that appeared kinked at its origin between the aorta and main pulmonary artery. A robot-assisted right internal thoracic artery to right coronary artery bypass was performed, which was confirmed to be widely patent (FitzGibbon grade A) on routine intraoperative angiography. The procedure completely resolved the patient's angina symptoms.     

冠状动脉扩张的临床表现及影像学特点

目的 研究冠状动脉(冠脉)扩张的临床表现及其影像学特点.方法 收集2005-2007年在北京协和医院行冠脉造影的患者,入选冠脉扩张患者25例进行研究.并按日期配对入选冠脉粥样硬化组25例和冠脉造影正常对照组25例.结果 冠脉扩张患者大部分为男性(72%).只有3例患者合并糖尿病,13例患者合并了高血压.所有患者均以胸痛入院,其中9例有ST段改变,4例为ST段抬高.冠脉扩张患者中最常受累的血管是右冠脉(76%),其次为左前降支(60%),左回旋支(48%)和左主干(8%);其中单支受累的患者占44%,而3支受累者占36%.与粥样硬化相比,冠脉扩张患者中糖尿病的发病率较低(冠脉扩张组合并糖尿病为12%,粥样硬化组为48%,正常组为16%),其他危险因素如高血压、血脂等各组差异无统计学意义.结论 冠脉扩张以男性好发,合并糖尿病较低,右冠脉为最常受累血管,而且以单支受累为主.     

冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术围手术期的处理

目的:研究伴冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)围手术期的处理。方法:以2000年1月至2006年5月的189例冠心病行CABG患者为研究对象,按是否同时合并有糖尿病分为糖尿病组(56例)和无糖尿病组(133例),对比两组临床特点,搭桥支数,术后处理及术后并发症。结果:冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠脉病变广泛而严重(P<0.01),搭桥4支的比例明显高于非糖尿病组(56.3%∶19.63%,P<0.01)),术后并发症的发生率明显高于非糖尿病例组(P<0.01)。结论:冠心病合并糖尿病患者较无糖尿病患者冠脉病变更加严重,合并症更多,需认真、积极对待。     

Single coronary artery with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery as a branch from the left anterior descending artery: a very rare coronary anomaly

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery arising from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) is a very rare coronary anomaly. It has previously been reported in only six adult cases. In this report, we present a patient with an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the LAD. The patient had anginal symptoms with exercise. Myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201 revealed a reversible inferior perfusion defect. We suggest that this could cause myocardial ischemia. Received: November 5, 2001 / Accepted: December 7, 2001     

双源CT冠脉成像与冠脉造影诊断冠心病的对比研究

目的：评价双源CT（DSCT）冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影（CAG）在冠心病诊断中的价值。方法：对38例临床疑诊冠心病患者169支冠状动脉同时进行了DSCT冠状动脉成像和CAG检查,以CAG诊断冠心病为标准分析DSCT冠状动脉成像诊断冠心病的各项指标的表现。结果：DSCT冠状动脉成像判断冠脉中、重度狭窄（狭窄≥50％）的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93．75％（45／48）,99．17％（120／121）,97．63％（165／169）,97．83％（45／46）,97．56％（120／123）。DSCT冠状动脉成像与CAG对各支冠状动脉狭窄程度的显示具有较好的一致性（Kappa=0．921,P〈0．001）。两种检查方法在发现冠状动脉疾病方面无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：双源CT冠状动脉成像显示冠脉病变具有较高的敏感性和特异性,已成为冠心病诊断的一种可靠、无创的有效方法。     

95例拟诊冠心病心绞痛患者冠状动脉造影分析

目的:总结95例临床拟诊冠心病心绞痛患者的冠状动脉造影结果,分析其临床症状及其心电图ST-T改变与冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病的相关性。方法:从发作性胸痛、胸闷为主诉或伴心电图ST-T改变的患者中,筛选出符合或疑似心绞痛,并经心脏超声、胸片检查排除了其他心脏病患者95例,其中典型心绞痛36例;疑似心绞痛的非典型胸痛59例;伴有ST-T改变者87例(缺血型改变25例、非特异性改变62例)。分别接受选择性冠状动脉造影。血管内径狭窄≥50%为造影阳性,诊断冠心病的依据。结果:95例患者造影阳性的45例,其中36例典型心绞痛造影者阳性34例(伴ST-T典型缺血型改变23例、非特异性改变者10例、无改者1例),阳性率94.44%;59例非典型胸痛造影阳性11例(伴非特异性ST-T改变),阳性率18.64%。两组阳性率有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:典型心绞痛患者冠脉造影诊断冠心病相关性高,非典型胸痛或心电图非特异性ST-T改变患者冠脉造影诊断冠心病阳性率低。     

668例女性冠心病患者临床及冠脉病变特点分析

目的分析女性冠心病的临床及冠脉病变特点。方法回顾性分析668例经冠脉造影确诊的女性冠心病患者的临床及冠脉病变特点,并与男性冠心病患者进行比较。结果女性冠心病患者年龄大,临床出现典型心绞痛症状及心电图缺血表现较男性少,合并糖尿病、高脂血症的发生率较男性高。冠脉双支及三支病变、B型及c型病变的发生率均较男性高。结论女性冠心病患者临床表现不典型,糖尿病、高脂血症的发生率高,冠脉病变程度较男性更严重。     

Coronary artery anomalies: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery and circumflex branch in two patients

Coronary anomalies may be isolated defects or accompany congenital malformations of the heart. The determination of these anomalies is important in the treatment approach and the surgical procedure in bypass and valve surgery. The present article reports on clinical and angiographic findings in two patients with coronary artery anomalies -one patient with an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus, and another patient with an anomalous origin of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery from the right coronary artery.     

An unusual case of double anterior descending artery originating from the left and right coronary arteries

Double left anterior descending coronary artery originating from the left and right coronaries is an extremely rare coronary artery anomaly. In the present report, an unusual case with double left anterior descending coronary artery arising from the left and right coronary arteries is described. To our knowledge, only a few such cases have been published in the literature so far.     

Overview of coronary artery variants,aberrations and anomalies

Coronary artery anomalies and variants are relatively uncommon congenital disorders of the coronary artery anatomy and constitute the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young competitive athletes. The rapid advancement of imaging techniques, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, have provided us with a wealth of new information on the subject. Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the contralateral sinus is the anomaly most frequently associated with sudden cardiac death, in particular if the anomalous coronary artery has a course between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. However, other coronary anomalies, like anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, atresia of the left main stem and coronary fistulae, have also been implicated in cases of sudden cardiac death. Patients are usually asymptomatic, and in most of the cases, coronary anomalies are discovered incidentally during coronary angiography or on autopsy following sudden cardiac death. However, in some cases, symptoms like angina, syncope, heart failure and myocardial infarction may occur. The aims of this article are to present a brief overview of the diverse coronary variants and anomalies, focusing especially on anatomical features, clinical manifestations, risk of sudden cardiac death and pathophysiologic mechanism of symptoms, as well as to provide valuable information regarding diagnostic workup, follow-up, therapeutic choices and timing of surgical treatment.     

Quantitative evaluation of coronary stenosis by coronary magnetic resonance angiography

Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (coronary MRA) can detect, noninvasively, a high proportion of severe stenotic lesions found on coronary angiograms. However, quantitative evaluation of coronary artery stenosis by coronary MRA has been performed only in a small number of patients. This study was designed to determine whether coronary MRA can assess the degree of stenosis using the two-dimensional segmented turbo-FLASH method (2D method). We studied 108 patients with technically adequate coronary MRA images. The blood flow signal intensity on coronary MRA was classified as markedly decreased, moderately decreased, or normal. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was determined by the caliper method, and coronary stenosis was rated using a seven-point scale (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 99%, and 100%) in accordance with the American Heart Association classification system. Patients were classified into three groups: normal coronary artery (0%–25% stenosis), moderate stenosis (50%–75% stenosis), and severe stenosis (90%–100% stenosis). The degree of stenosis on coronary angiography and the decrease in coronary MRA signal intensity were compared. The right coronary artery was evaluated in 64 patients and the left coronary artery in 73 patients. When a marked or moderate decrease in coronary MRA blood flow signal intensity was defined as indicating stenosis, the sensitivity and specificity of coronary MRA for detecting angiographically severe stenosis were 85% and 80%, respectively. A moderate decrease in coronary MRA blood flow signal intensity detected angiographically moderate stenoses with a sensitivity of 38% and a specificity of 83%. Coronary MRA can detect a high proportion of severe stenoses but only a low proportion of moderate stenoses. Technical improvements are required before coronary MRA can be used clinically. Received: June 23, 2000 / Accepted: December 16, 2000     

血清胆红素水平与女性冠心病关系的探讨

目的：探讨血清胆红素水平与女性冠心病的关系。方法：109例女性患者按冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组（74例）和非冠心病组（35例）。同时测定血清胆红素及各项生化指标。冠状动脉狭窄程度用冠状动脉狭窄计分表示。结果：女性冠心病组血清总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素水平均显著低于非冠心病组（P〈0．01）。相关分析显示，女性冠心病组直接胆红素与总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）呈显著负相关（r1=-0．398，r2=-0．405，P均〈0．01）。三种胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变积分均不呈负相关。结论：低血清胆红素水平是冠状动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。     

疑诊冠心病患者经桡动脉冠脉造影术510例分析

目的　探讨经桡动脉径路行冠脉造影的可行性和安全性。方法　 5 10例临床疑诊为冠心病的患者接受了经桡动脉径路冠脉造影术。结果　 5 0 3例获得成功 ,7例失败 ,其中 3例为穿刺失败 ,1例为桡动脉走行畸形 ,2例是由于无名动脉过于迂曲致导管操作极度困难而失败 ,1例为左锁骨下动脉闭塞。所有病例无严重并发症发生 ,只有 1例于术后发生桡动脉闭塞。结论　桡动脉径路行冠脉造影具有止血容易、病人术后无须长时间卧床和并发症少的优点 ,操作成功率高 ,临床应用安全