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1.
Recent research suggests that deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in initiation and progression of many cancers, including gliomas and that miRNAs hold great potential as future diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer. MiRNAs are a class of short non-coding RNA sequences (18–24 nucleotides), which base-pair to target messenger RNA (mRNA) and thereby cause translational repression or mRNA degradation based on the level of complementarity between strands. Profiling miRNAs in clinical glioblastoma samples has shown aberrant expression of numerous miRNAs when compared to normal brain tissues. Understanding these alterations is key to developing new biomarkers and intelligent treatment strategies. This review presents an overview of current knowledge about miRNA alterations in glioblastoma while focusing on the clinical future of miRNAs as biomarkers and discussing the strengths and weaknesses of various methods used in evaluating their expression.  相似文献   

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卵巢癌(ovarian cancer,OC)是女性恶性肿瘤死亡的主要原因。由于卵巢癌无症状发展,缺乏早期诊断标志物,大多数患者在晚期才被诊断出来。早期检测卵巢癌可显著提高总生存率,在过去的几十年里,微小RNA(miRNA)在癌症的发展中起着重要的作用,因此引起了极大的关注。miRNA可以在循环血液中稳定存在(如包裹在外泌体中),并可通过外泌体的分泌和转移在肿瘤细胞之间和肿瘤细胞微环境的沟通中发挥重要的作用。此外,外泌体miRNA在卵巢癌中的表达是失调的,可能反映肿瘤的恶性特征。因此评估外泌体来源的循环miRNA可能会为卵巢癌提供一类新的非侵袭性生物标志物。本综述概述了有关外泌体miRNA在卵巢癌发生发展过程中的作用以及循环血液外泌体miRNA作为卵巢癌早期诊断潜在生物标志物的现状。  相似文献   

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微小RNA (miRNA)的异常表达与卵巢癌的发生发展密切相关,其参与调控卵巢癌的发生、侵袭和转移以及抗癌药物耐药性形成等过程.作为一种重要的生物学标志物,miRNA有望成为卵巢癌早期诊断与预后判断的新靶点,为卵巢癌的治疗提供新的途径.  相似文献   

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乳腺癌是全球女性患病率最高的恶性肿瘤,严重危害广大女性的健康。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类小的内源性非编码RNA,通过与mRNA 3’端非翻译区部分互补配对,在翻译后水平调节靶基因的表达。miRNA在乳腺的发育过程中发挥多种作用,其表达异常可能导致乳腺癌的发生。乳腺癌中miRNA的异常表达,以及miRNA在血清中的稳定存在,使miRNA有望成为新的生物标志物用于乳腺癌的诊断及预后判断。  相似文献   

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Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding segments of RNA which are involved in normal cellular development and proliferation. Recent studies have identified altered miRNA expression in both tumour tissues and circulation in the presence of colorectal cancer. These altered expression patterns may serve as novel biomarkers for colorectal cancer. This review explores recent developments in this rapidly evolving field.

Methods

A thorough literature search was performed to identify studies describing miRNA expression in colorectal cancer. Specific areas of interest included miRNA expression patterns in relation to development, diagnosis, progression and recurrence of disease, and potential future therapeutic applications.

Results

MiRNAs are associated with the development and progression of colorectal cancer. These may be either overexpressed or underexpressed (depending on the specific miRNA). Although there are fewer published studies regarding circulating miRNAs, these appear to be reflective of alterations in tissue expression and may have a potential role as minimally invasive biomarkers.

Conclusion

MiRNAs have immense potential for refinement of the current processes for diagnosis, staging and prognostic prediction. They may also provide potential future therapeutic targets in the management of colorectal cancer.  相似文献   

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate critical cell processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation by modulating gene expression. MiRNAs deregulation has been observed extensively in cancer. Elegant studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of several malignancies. In this review we will address the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. The development of new drugs mimicking or blocking miRNAs will be discussed.  相似文献   

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) of approximately 22 bp that induce RNA interference with a complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) and act in silencing of mRNA. miRNAs are strongly associated with cancer development and those involved in carcinogenesis are classified into oncogenic miRNAs and tumor suppressor miRNAs (tumor suppressor miRs). Specific miRNAs are expressed in various tissues and changes in regulation of gene expression are thought to cause carcinogenesis. Thus, tissue-specific miRNAs may be biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Approaches to application of miRNAs as cancer therapy are also ongoing, based on the involvement of miRNAs in carcinogenesis. In endometrial cancer, miRNAs are associated with regulation of gene expression, epigenetic dysfunction and carcinogenesis. Thus, miRNAs are likely to have key roles in diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and therapy in endometrial cancer.  相似文献   

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李玲  宋丽华 《中国肿瘤临床》2009,36(23):1377-1380
微RNA分子(miRNA,miR)是一类长约18~25个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,起内源性RNA干扰作用.微RNA从转录后水平调控上百种靶基因表达,因而能控制广泛的生物学功能,如细胞增殖、分化、凋亡.通过与靶mRNA的3'端非翻译区(3'UTR)结合,抑制mRNA翻译或增加其稳定性而发挥作用.大部分微RNA定位于基因组肿瘤相关的脆性位点、杂合子缺失点、扩增区及常见断裂区,提示与肿瘤的发生关系密切.各种肿瘤中miR-NAs表达上调或下调,可能起致癌或抑癌基因作用.一直以为肿瘤的发生是由一系列致癌基因和抑癌基因突变逐步形成的.随着非编码RNA的发现,此传统观念被改变.研究表明非编码RNA中的成员microRNA对肿瘤形成起重要的调控作用.近来,越来越多的研究探讨不同的miRNA与各种肿瘤的发生发展乃至治疗预后的关系.肺癌位居世界癌症死因之首,其病因学主要是遗传和吸烟引起的后天损伤.对上百种基因的RNA和蛋白质系统分析有助于明确肺癌发生的分子网络.miRNA与肺癌的发生、发展关系密切,可能在肺癌的诊断、治疗及预后监测中发挥重要作用.目前文献报道的与肺癌关系比较密切的miRNA有miRNA-126、miRNA-221、miRNA-222、has-mir-221、miR-17-92簇、miRNA-128b、has-mir-137、has-mir-182、has-mir-372及miRNA-let7家族成员等.本文就这些miRNAs在肺癌的遗传易感性、诊断、侵袭转移、治疗及预后等方面进行综述.  相似文献   

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MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类广泛存在于真核细胞中长22-25nt的单链、非蛋白编码RNA,具有转录后基因调控的功能,调节细胞增殖、凋亡以及分化等多种生物学过程。近年来研究发现,miRNAs与胃癌的发生、发展关系密切。本文就与胃癌相关的miRNAs及其在肿瘤发生、发展中的研究进展作一综述。  相似文献   

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MicroRNA signatures in human ovarian cancer   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide and, despite advances in detection and therapies, it still represents the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the industrialized countries. Unfortunately, still relatively little is known about the molecular events that lead to the development of this highly aggressive disease. The relatively recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNA), a class of small noncoding RNAs targeting multiple mRNAs and triggering translation repression and/or RNA degradation, has revealed the existence of a new level of gene expression regulation. Multiple studies involving various types of human cancers proved that miRNAs have a causal role in tumorigenesis. Here we show that, in comparison to normal ovary, miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in human ovarian cancer. The overall miRNA expression could clearly separate normal versus cancer tissues. The most significantly overexpressed miRNAs were miR-200a, miR-141, miR-200c, and miR-200b, whereas miR-199a, miR-140, miR-145, and miR-125b1 were among the most down-modulated miRNAs. We could also identify miRNAs whose expression was correlated with specific ovarian cancer biopathologic features, such as histotype, lymphovascular and organ invasion, and involvement of ovarian surface. Moreover, the levels of miR-21, miR-203, and miR-205, up-modulated in ovarian carcinomas compared with normal tissues, were significantly increased after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine demethylating treatment of OVCAR3 cells, suggesting that the DNA hypomethylation could be the mechanism responsible for their overexpression. Our results indicate that miRNAs might play a role in the pathogenesis of human EOC and identify altered miRNA gene methylation as a possible epigenetic mechanism involved in their aberrant expression.  相似文献   

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microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长约21~24个核苷酸的小分子非编码RNA,通过与位于靶基因mRNA 3' UTR区域的特异性结合位点互补配对结合,促进靶基因mRNA的降解和/或抑制翻译过程,从而行使调节基因表达的功能。miRNAs广泛存在于真核细胞内,参与了细胞的分化、增殖、凋亡、周期调控、迁移以及肿瘤的发生发展等多种生物学进程。miRNAs表达谱是一类潜在的强有力的评估肿瘤发生、发展、诊断、治疗及预后的生物学指标,在人类肿瘤的不同类型中均存在显著差异。乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,不同类型的乳腺癌组织中miRNAs的表达谱也不同。本文对目前为止发现的一些与乳腺癌发生发展、转移及治疗反应等相关的miRNAs及其下游靶基因在乳腺癌中的表达及作用进行综述。   相似文献   

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MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类广泛存在于真核细胞中长22-25nt的单链、非蛋白编码RNA,具有转录后基因调控的功能,调节细胞增殖、凋亡以及分化等多种生物学过程。近年来研究发现,miRNAs与胃癌的发生、发展关系密切。本文就与胃癌相关的miRNAs及其在肿瘤发生、发展中的研究进展作一综述。  相似文献   

18.
MiRNAs are increasingly recognized as biomarkers for the diagnosis of cancers where they are profiled from tumor tissue (intracellular miRNAs) or serum/plasma samples (extracellular miRNAs). To improve detection of reliable biomarkers from blood samples, we first compiled a healthy reference miRNome and established a well-controlled analysis pipeline allowing for standardized quantification of circulating miRNAs. Using whole miRNome and custom qPCR arrays, miRNA expression profiles were analyzed in 126 serum, whole blood and tissue samples of healthy volunteers and melanoma patients and in primary melanocyte and keratinocyte cell lines. We found characteristic signatures with excellent prognostic scores only in late stage but not in early stage melanoma patients. Upon comparison of melanoma tissue miRNomes with matching serum samples, several miRNAs were identified to be exclusively tissue-derived (miR-30b-5p, miR-374a-5p and others) while others had higher expression levels in serum (miR-3201 and miR-122-5p). Here we have compiled a healthy and widely applicable miRNome from serum samples and we provide strong evidence that levels of cell-free miRNAs only change significantly at later stages of melanoma progression, which has serious implications for miRNA biomarker studies in cancer.  相似文献   

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microRNAs(miRNAs)是真核生物中一类小分子非编码单链RNA,在转录后水平上调控靶mRNA的表达。目前,miRNA功能学研究发现miRNA与胃癌的侵袭转移、化疗耐药、放疗增敏、血管形成、基因甲基化、诊断和预后有直接关系,提示miRNA有可能成为肿瘤治疗的新思路。本文将阐述miRNA和胃癌放化疗的关系及其作为诊断、预后因子和基因治疗靶点基础研究方面的新进展。  相似文献   

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs 18-25 nucleotides in length that downregulate gene expression during various crucial cell processes such as apoptosis, differentiation and development. Changes in the expression profiles of miRNAs have been observed in a variety of human tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Functional studies indicate that miRNAs act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. These findings significantly extend Vogelstein's model of CRC pathogenesis and have shown great potential for miRNAs as a novel class of therapeutic targets. Several investigations have also described the ability of miRNA expression profiles to predict prognosis and response to selected treatments in CRC patients, and support diagnosis of CRC among cancer of unknown primary site. miRNAs' occurrence has been repeatedly observed also in serum and plasma, and miRNAs as novel minimally invasive biomarkers have indicated reasonable sensitivity for CRC detection and compare favorably with the fecal occult blood test. In this review, we summarize the knowledge regarding miRNAs' functioning in CRC while emphasizing their significance in pathogenetic signaling pathways and their potential to serve as disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.  相似文献   

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