Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Backgroundand purpose: Most type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are accompanied by overweight or obesity, and it is difficult to concurrently solve these two issues with conventional treatment regimens without experiencing adverse effects. While clinical practice demonstrates that acupuncture is beneficial in treating obesity combined with T2DM, there is a lack of evidence-based medicine to support this claim. The study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating obesity combined with T2DM.MethodsBy searching eight electronic databases, we collected randomized controlled trials on acupuncture in treating obesity combined with T2DM. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.4 software.ResultsA total of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 993 patients were eventually included. Meta-analysis results demonstrated the effective rate of clinical symptoms: [RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.28, P < 0.00001]; body mass index: [MD = −2.11, 95% CI: −2.56, −1.66, P < 0.00001]; fasting plasma glucose: [MD = −1.09, 95% CI: −1.60, −0.59, P < 0.00001]; haemoglobin A1c: [MD = −0.58, 95% CI: −0.95, −0.20, P = 0.002]; triglyceride: [MD = −0.29, 95% CI: −0.46, −0.11, P = 0.001]; waist circumference: [MD = −5.36, 95% CI: −8.68, −2.05, P = 0.002]; body fat rate: [MD = −3.59, 95% CI: −4.28, −2.90, P < 0.00001].ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests that acupuncture has advantages in treating obesity combined with T2DM. However, due to low-quality evidence of included research, additional large-sample and high-quality research are required to validate the findings of this study.     

Efficacy and safety of Buyang-Huanwu-Tang (Boyang-Hwano-Tang) in patients with vascular dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundBuyang-Huanwu-Tang (Boyang-Hwano-Tang, BHT) is a widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating ischemic stroke in South Korea and China. Its efficacy in vascular dementia has been reported. There has been no comprehensive systematic review of BHT for vascular dementia.MethodsWe searched 15 electronic databases from inception to November 25, 2021. We included only randomised controlled clinical trials. Studies that used BHT alone or with Western medicine were included. Two independent reviewers conducted the screening, data extraction, and the Cochrane risk of bias and quality of evidence assessment. A meta-analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 18 eligible trials with 1254 participants were included. Of these, 15 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that BHT alone (mean difference [MD] 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.94 to 5.56; P = 0.55) was similar to Western medicine alone in terms of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE). Additive BHT therapy showed a significant improvement in the MMSE (MD 1.42; 95% CI 0.28 to 2.56; P = 0.01), Hasegawa Dementia Scale score (MD 3.91; 95% CI 2.87 to 4.94; P < 0.001) and total effective rate (risk ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.52; P < 0.001). The overall risk of bias was unclear or high. The quality of evidence was very low to moderate. Only four studies reported minor or no adverse events.ConclusionsThe results support the clinical use of BHT for the improvement of cognitive function in patients with vascular dementia. The methodological quality of the included studies was relatively poor. Therefore, further rigorously designed trials are required.     

The effect of intestinal flora intervention on bone development in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe intestinal flora is involved in the bone development of children through a variety of mechanisms, but it remains unclear whether intervention of the intestinal flora can enhance children's bone development.MethodsSix databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched for all English and Chinese studies published up to August 2021. Stata version 16.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) was used. Bone mass density and biochemical markers related to bone metabolism were reported as the primary outcome, and the secondary outcomes were anthropometric parameters such as height, height Z score for age, and height velocity. Intergroup differences were determined by standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 3245 participants from 20 RCTs and 370 participants from 8 crossover trials were included in the study. Significant differences were found in bone mineral density (SMD 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.66; p < 0.001; I² = 0.00%) and total serum calcium (SMD 1.07; 95% CI, 0.39 to 1.74; p < 0.001; I² = 61.9%), as well as in height Z score for age (SMD = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.22; P = 0.044; I² = 0%). The overall quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very low.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that intestinal flora intervention was an effective method of improving bone mineral density, serum calcium, and height in infants, children, and adolescents. Future studies with a larger sample size and longer intervention period are needed.The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and the registered number was CRD42021282606.     

Impact of relative dose intensity of R-CCOP regimen in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in China

BackgroundThe actual relative dose intensity (RDI) of the attenuated R-CCOP regimen (rituximab, cytoxan, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin [PLD], vincristine, and prednisone) has not been fully investigated in Chinese geriatric patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In particular, the optimum dose for PLD remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively collected clinical data from patients with untreated DLBCL aged 65–80 years subsequently treated with the R-CCOP. The restricted cubic spline model (RCS) was used to test the non-linear relationship between the predictors and outcomes.ResultsEighty-four patients were enrolled, with a median age of 73.5 years. More than half of the patients (54.8%) received at least 6 cycles. The median dose per cycle of cytoxan and PLD were 605.5 and 19.9 mg/m². The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival rate, and disease-specific survival rates were 38.7%, 44.8%, and 57.2%, respectively. The RDI of PLD (PLD-RDI, <70% vs ≥ 70%) was only significant in the univariate analysis (P = 0.002) but not in the multivariate analysis. The RCS model showed a decreasing trend of hazards with an increasing PLD dose per cycle after adjustment. No significant difference was observed between the low- and high-risk groups with PLD-RDI ≥ 70% (P = 0.548). However, patients in the high-risk group had unfavorable PFS with PLD-RDI < 70% (P = 0.006).ConclusionThe optimal dose of PLD for elderly patients with DLBCL in China remains to be determined. Evaluating the tolerance and identifying risk categories are critical for clinical decision-making in this population.     

Evolution of the Correa's cascade steps: A long-term endoscopic surveillance among non-ulcer dyspepsia and gastric ulcer after H. pylori eradication

BackgroundThis study is aimed toward investigating the evolution of each Correa's step after Helicobacter pylori eradication in a long-term follow-up and exploring the factors correlated with a high-risk of gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 1824 H. pylori-infected subjects were enrolled to receive screening endoscopy. Among them, 491 received surveillance endoscopy. The patients were divided into Correa's steps I to VI, from normal to gastric cancer. A group-based trajectory model was used to classify patients as persistent high-risk status or not.ResultsThe prevalence rates of positive corpus-predominant gastritis index (CGI) were 20%–40% in all age groups and Correa's steps IV-V increased >35% after 50 years based on screening endoscopy. Successful eradication of H. pylori regressed CGI after the 1st year-and-thereafter (P < 0.05) and decreased Correa's step progression (Relative risk 0.66 [95% CI 0.49–0.89], P = 0.01); however, it did not regress OLGA and OLGIM. Not only in steps IV-V, but also in step III, the patients had a risk of developing gastric cancer (11.13–76.41 and 4.61 per 1000 person-years). Age (Hazard ratio 1.012 [1.003–1.020], P = 0.01), OLGA stages ≥ I (2.127 [1.558–2.903], P < 0.001), and OLGIM stages ≥ I (1.409 [1.119–1.774], P = 0.004) were correlated independently with a persistent high-risk status.ConclusionThe patients in Correa's steps III-V, but not I-II, were at risk of gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication. Age, OLGA stages ≥ I, and OLGIM stages ≥ I were independent factors correlated to a persistent high-risk of gastric cancer. The data may be useful when scheduling surveillance endoscopy for subjects in each Correa's step (NCT04527055).     

Intravaginal electrical stimulation as a monotherapy for female stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and purposeSince patients, physiotherapists and gynaecologists continue to seek effective conservative treatments for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of intravaginal electrical stimulation (ES) in women with SUI.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, EBSCOHost and Ovid for randomized controlled trials. For dichotomous data, we calculated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). For continuous data, we calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics.ResultsOf the 686 records identified, a total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis revealed significant differences between the ES and no active treatment groups in the pooled objective cure rates (RR: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.70 to 10.40; p = 0.001; I² = 0%) and subjective cure or improvement rates (RR: 4.96; 95%: 1.01 to 24.37; p = 0.04; I² = 0%). No significant differences were found in the pooled number of incontinence episodes per 24 h (MD: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.37; p = 0.56; I² = 0%), the pooled Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire scores (MD: 1.84; 95% CI: 2.11 to 5.80; p = 0.36; I² = 0%) or the pooled number of adverse effects (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.27; p = 0.23; I² = 0%) between the ES and other conservative treatment groups.ConclusionThere was insufficient evidence for or against the use of intravaginal ES therapy for women with SUI, partly due to the variability in the interventions of the included trials and the small number of trials included.     

Bleeding-related outcomes of low-risk total placenta previa are equivalent to those of partial/marginal placenta previa

ObjectiveTo clarify whether “low-risk total PP” patients bleed more than partial/marginal PP patients.Materials and methodsThe retrospective cohort study was performed involving patients with PP between April 2006 and December 2018. The placental position was determined by ultrasound. From medical charts, the backgrounds as well as obstetric and neonatal outcomes of PP patients were retrieved.ResultsThis study included 349 patients with PP, which was classified into three types according to the distance between the placenta and internal ostium: total (n = 174), partial (n = 52), and marginal (n = 123) PP. In total PP patients, three factors (prior CS, anterior placenta, and placental lacunae on ultrasound) significantly increased blood loss at CS, the need for hysterectomy, homologous transfusion (≥10 U), and ICU admission. No significant difference was observed in bleeding-related poor outcomes (rate of blood loss ≥2000 mL, amount of homologous transfusion, need for hysterectomy, and ICU admission) between total PP patients without all three factors: “low-risk total PP patients” and partial/marginal PP patients (19.8 vs. 17.1%; p = 0.604, 3.7 vs. 1.1%; p = 0.330, 1.2 vs. 1.1%; p = 1.000, and 1.2 vs. 1.1%; p = 1.000, respectively).ConclusionPrior CS, anterior placenta, and placental lacunae on ultrasound were risk factors for a bleeding-related poor outcome in total PP patients. Total PP patients without these three factors showed the same bleeding-related poor outcome as partial/marginal PP patients.     

Effects of ketone supplements on blood β-hydroxybutyrate,glucose and insulin: A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis

BackgroundEffects of ketone supplements as well as relevant dose-response relationships and time effects on blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose and insulin are controversial.ObjectiveThis study aimed to summarize the existing evidence and synthesize the results, and demonstrate underlying dose-response relationships as well as sustained time effects.MethodsMedline, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant randomized crossover/parallel studies published until 25th November 2022. Three-level meta-analysis compared the acute effects of exogenous ketone supplementation and placebo in regulating blood parameters, with Hedge's g used as measure of effect size. Effects of potential moderators were explored through multilevel regression models. Dose-response and time-effect models were established via fractional polynomial regression.ResultsThe meta-analysis with 327 data points from 30 studies (408 participants) indicated that exogenous ketones led to a significant increase in blood BHB (Hedge's g = 1.4994, 95% CI [1.2648, 1.7340]), reduction in glucose (Hedge's g = −0.3796, 95% CI [-0.4550, −0.3041]), and elevation in insulin of non-athlete healthy population (Hedge's g = 0.1214, 95%CI [0.0582, 0.3011]), as well as insignificant change in insulin of obesity and prediabetes. Nonlinear dose-response relationship between ketone dosage and blood parameter change was observed in some time intervals for BHB (30–60 min; >120 min) and insulin (30–60 min; 90–120 min), with linear relationship observed for glucose (>120 min). Nonlinear associations between time and blood parameter change were found in BHB (>550 mg/kg) and glucose (450–550 mg/kg), with linear relationship observed in BHB (≤250 mg/kg) and insulin (350–550 mg/kg).ConclusionDose-response relationships and sustained time effects were observed in BHB, glucose and insulin following ketone supplementation. Glucose-lowering effect without increasing insulin load among population of obesity and prediabetes was of remarkable clinical implication.Registry and registry numberPROSPERO (CRD42022360620).     

Dance intervention for negative symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopment disorder, marked by deficits in social communication and social interaction as well as by a restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests and activities. There is an increasing interest in the use of dance as part of rehabilitation for individuals with ASD. However, it is not clear how dance can influence on ASD symptoms. And few studies have measured and compared the outcomes of multiple studies. This study was aimed to provide a more comprehensive perspective of the efficacy of dance practice on ASD symptoms by conducting a systematic review with meta-analysis.MethodsThe electronic databases PubMed, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Cochrane and PsycINFO were searched for relevant studies reporting on the effects of dance on ASD symptoms. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled studies were included in this review. Two review authors independently performed literature search, data extraction, and study quality assessment. Effect sizes for ASD symptoms were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsSeven eligible studies were included for meta-analysis. Dance interventions varied in frequency (1–2 sessions/week), time (40 − 90 min), duration (7 − 17 weeks) and type. As compared to control groups, dance practice showed significant alleviation of overall symptoms of ASD (−1.48 points, CI −2.55 to − 0.42 points, p = 0.006, I² = 75%) and improvement in social interaction (0.88, CI 0.46 to 1.30, p < 0.0001, I² = 0%), but no significant effect on empathy (0.09, CI − 0.25 to 0.42, p = 0.61, I² = 2%).ConclusionsDance probably alleviate the negative symptoms and social deficits of individuals with ASD. However, little difference is found in empathy. Further research and studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and if dance results in greater benefits than other types of physical activity.     

Acute chorioamnionitis and intra-amniotic inflammation are more severe according to outside-in neutrophil migration within the same chorio-decidua

ObjectiveNo information exists about whether acute histologic chorioamnionitis (acute-HCA) is more advanced and severe, and intra-amniotic inflammation is more frequent and intense according to outside in neutrophil migration within the same chorio-decidua. The objective of current study is to examine this issue.Materials and methodsWe included 106 singleton preterm-births (gestational age at delivery: 20–34 weeks) due to either preterm-labor or preterm-PROM in the context of acute chorio-deciduitis. Study-population was divided into 3 groups according to outside-in neutrophil migration within chorio-decidua as follows: 1) group-1: ‘inflammation restricted to the decidua’ (n = 22); 2) group-2: ‘inflammation restricted to the MT of chorion and the decidua’ (n = 31); 3) group-3: ‘inflammation in the CT of chorion’ (n = 53). We examined the frequency of inflammation in each placental compartment beyond chorio-decidua (i.e., amnion, umbilical cord, and chorionic-plate), and total grade (1–8) of acute-HCA. Moreover, the frequency of intra-amniotic infection (defined as positive amniotic-fluid culture for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and genital mycoplasmas) and intra-amniotic inflammation (defined as amniotic fluid WBC ≥ 19 cells/mm³), and an intra-amniotic inflammatory response gauged by amnioticfluid WBC count (cells/mm³) were examined in 50 amniotic fluid samples within 7 days of birth.ResultsAmnionitis, funisitis and chorionic plate inflammation were more frequent (each for P < 0.01) and median total grade of acute-HCA was increased (P < 0.001) according to outside-in neutrophil migration within chorio-decidua (group-1vs.group-2vs.group-3). Moreover, intra-amniotic infection and inflammation were more frequent (each-for P < 0.05) and median amniotic-fluid WBC count was increased (P < 0.01) according-to outside-in neutrophil-migration within chorio-decidua (group-1 vs. group-2 vs. group-3).ConclusionAcute-HCA is more advanced and severe, and intra-amniotic inflammation is more frequent and intense according to outside in neutrophil migration within the same chorio-decidua. This finding suggests that what is now acute chorio-deciduitis should be subdivided.     

High Prevalence of Congenital Factor VII (FVII) Deficiency in Adolescent Females with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Iron Deficiency Anemia

Study ObjectiveTo examine the clinical characteristics and prevalence of congenital bleeding disorders (CBDs), with emphasis on congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency and other rare bleeding disorders, in adolescent and young adult females referred to a hemophilia treatment center (HTC) for evaluation and management of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA)DesignIn this single-center retrospective study, we reviewed the clinical characteristics and prevalence of CBDs in postmenarchal females, younger than 22 years of age, referred to an HTC from 2015 to 2021 for evaluation of HMB with or without IDA.ResultsOne hundred females, with a mean age of 15 years (range 9-20 years), met initial study criteria, and 95 were included in the final analysis. Forty-five (47%) females were ultimately diagnosed with a CBD. The most prevalent diagnoses were FVII deficiency and type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) (42.3%, n = 19 each). Forty-two percent of patients with FVII deficiency had a low-for-age FVII activity level, 21.1% were only positive for the FVII R353Q variant associated with borderline FVII levels, whereas 36.8% had both a low-for-age FVII activity level and a positive R353Q variant. Eighty percent of patients with a CBD were found to have relatives with abnormal bleeding symptoms.ConclusionCongenital FVII deficiency is prevalent among female adolescents experiencing HMB with or without IDA. In addition to VWD, evaluation for this specific factor deficiency should be considered as part of the initial CBD workup. Presence of abnormal bleeding history in the family could also help to predict presence of a CBD.     

Functional polymorphism of PIN1 rs2233679 is associated with the progression of CIN to early cervical cancer in Hunan Chinese

ObjectivePeptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) involves alteration of the structure, function, intracellular localization and/or stability of the phosphorylated protein on serine or threonine residues which relates to inflammation and tumorigenesis. Association between PIN1 promoter polymorphisms and cancer risk were reported in several cancers. We intend to study the relationship between the polymorphism of PIN1 promoter and cervical cancer initiation and development.Materials and methodsWe genotyped two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2233678 and rs2233679) in the promoter of the PIN1 gene in healthy controls, patients with CIN or cervical cancer. We used polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing methods to analyze these two SNPs in 179 patients and 223 healthy controls. Luciferase activity assay was used to detect PIN1 expression driven by the rs2233679.ResultsThe results revealed that the carriers of rs2233679 genotypes CT/TT had a significantly increased risk of cervical cancer in patients with CIN compared with genotype CC (odds ration [OR] = 2.924, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.093–7.819, P = 0.033). Luciferase activity assay results revealed that PIN1 expression driven by the rs2233679 genotype TT was higher than the genotype CC (P < 0.05). On the other hand, no significant correlation between the healthy controls and patients was found for PIN1 rs2233678 which showed that rs2233678 genotypes CG/GG is 95% in healthy controls and 100% in patients.ConclusionPIN1 rs2233679 genotype CT/TT may be a risk factor of early cervical cancer compared with genotype CC in Hunan populations. Our findings suggest that PIN1 rs2233679 genotype CT/TT might involve in the progression of the precancerous stage developing to early cancer by enhancing PIN1 expression.     

Effect of porcine placental extract on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women: A prospective,randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of oral administration of porcine placental extract (PPE) on the menopausal symptoms of Korean women.Materials and methodsThis study was a multicenter, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. A hundred menopausal Korean women were randomly allocated either to the PPE 400 mg per day or the control group during 12 weeks of the study period. Menopausal symptoms were evaluated using the Kupperman Index (KMI).ResultsThe KMI decreased after 12 weeks in both groups; however, the difference in the changes was not statistically significant. Among overweight or obese women whose body mass index (BMI) was 23 kg/m² or higher, the KMI decreased more significantly in the PPE group than placebo group after 12 weeks (−18.52 ± 9.09 vs −11.40 ± 10.68, P < 0.05). Among 49 early menopausal women whose duration of menopause was less than 3 years, the KMI decreased more significantly in the PPE group after 12 weeks (−17.29 ± 9.07 vs −11.29 ± 10.68, P < 0.05). The baseline estradiol level was not statistically different between the two groups before trial, but the estradiol level of the PPE group was significantly increased at 12 weeks (11.13 ± 35.13 pg/m, P < 0.05).ConclusionsOral administration of 400 mg PPE per day decreases menopausal symptoms in women with BMI 23 kg/m² or higher or in early menopausal women. PPE may be considered as a short-term complementary treatment to reduce menopausal symptoms, especially in overweight or early menopausal women.     

Long-term outcome of fetus with ameliorated cystic hygroma

ObjectiveCystic hygroma often ameliorates or disappears with pregnancy progression. Fetuses/neonates with amelioration, when without chromosomal or major structural abnormality, generally show a favorable outcome at birth. The present study was aimed to clarify the short/long-term outcomes of fetuses/neonates with the amelioration of cystic hygroma during pregnancy.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective observational study. We focused on fetuses with cystic hygroma managed in our institute between January 2006 and June 2019. The infants were followed by pediatricians (neonatologist, pediatric cardiologist, and pediatric neurologist) and pediatric outcomes were retrieved from the medical records up to 3 years old.ResultsOne hundred and seven fetuses with cystic hygroma were included. Of the 107, cystic hygromas ameliorated in 31 fetuses (31/107: 29%). Of the 31, there were 26 livebirths. Half (n = 13) of the 26 fetuses had a good outcome, whereas the remaining half (n = 13) had abnormalities. Various abnormalities were detected in their infancies. A nuchal thickness (diameter of hygroma) of ≥5 mm was significantly correlated with abnormalities (P = 0.047).ConclusionPhysicians should pay attention to fetuses/neonates with ameliorated cystic hygroma. Of those, special attention should be paid to fetuses/neonates with a nuchal thickness at diagnosis ≥5 mm.     

Effects of topical sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil on the pain severity of chemotherapy-induced phlebitis in patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled trial

Background and purposeChemotherapy-induced phlebitis (CIP) is one of the most important and common complications in patients with cancer. Currently, the use of complementary methods to prevent or alleviate phlebitis symptoms has attracted great attention. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of topical sesame oil in reducing the pain severity of CIP.Materials and methodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with colorectal cancer afflicted with CIP. Patients received, twice a day for seven consecutive days, a 5-min massage solely (as the control group) or with 10 drops of sesame oil (as the experimental group) within the 10 cm radius of the affected site. The pain severity was evaluated by the visual analog scale on the first, third, fifth, and seventh days of the intervention.ResultsMean changes of the pain severity compared to the baseline were significant on the third (P = 0.009), fifth (P < 0.001), and seventh (P < 0.001) days of the intervention in favor of the experimental group. Also, a significant reduction in the pain severity both in the experimental and control groups was observed during the seven days (F = 720.66, P_time < 0.001); however, the decrease was more significant in the experimental group (F = 21.46, P_group < 0.001).ConclusionApplication of massage with sesame oil as a complementary method is effective in reducing the pain severity of patients with CIP.     

The most immature infants: Is evidence-based practice possible?

IntroductionAt extremely low gestational ages, preterm infants are markedly physiologically immature, thus their responses to common clinical interventions may differ from more mature preterm babies. This study was performed to describe the evidence base which is available to make care decisions for such infants.MethodsA literature search of recent large neonatal randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to determine the representation of infants <25 weeks of gestation, and whether it is clear if the overall results applied to the most immature infants.ResultsAmong 30 multi-centre RCTs in neonatology from the last 5 years, many excluded the most immature infants, and those that included them rarely presented the impacts of the intervention on the most at-risk group. Over 25,000 infants of under 32 weeks gestational age (GA) were included in these trials. Eight trials presented results of the primary outcome for infants of <26 weeks GA (n = 2,152) and a further four trials for infants <25 weeks, n = 711.ConclusionThe evidence base for treatment decisions for the highest risk infants in the NICU is severely limited. RCTs in extremely preterm infants should not exclude the highest risk group, and lower limits of gestational age (or body weight) should be avoided, any infant receiving intensive care should be eligible regardless of how immature. The results among the most immature infants should be presented separately, or be easily available, in order to build a database of effective treatments among infants of 22,23, and 24 weeks GA.     

Recommending yoga for health: A survey of perceptions among healthcare practitioners in the UK

BackgroundYoga has the potential to support patients across various health conditions. It is slowly being integrated into healthcare worldwide. While healthcare practitioners (HCPs) are critical to integration, there are currently no studies investigating their perceptions of yoga for health, their openness to recommending yoga to patients, and barriers to doing so. This novel UK study aims to address this.MethodAn online survey was conducted among practising UK HCPs. Recruitment was through multi-modal convenience sampling. The COM-B model was used as a framework. Regression analysis examined predictors of HCPs’ likelihood to recommend yoga. Open-end responses were analysed through thematic analysis.Results198 HCPs were included in the analysis, including general practitioners (GPs, 18.8%), psychologists (18.3%), and nurses/health visitors (14.7%). A high proportion (68.8%) practised yoga at least monthly. The likelihood of recommending yoga to patients was high (M = 4.03, SD = 0.94; 5-point scale). Older age, not being a GP, and greater capability and motivation significantly predicted a greater likelihood of recommending yoga, explaining 41.4% of the variance (p < 0.001). Barriers to recommending yoga were mostly related to the lack of opportunity.ConclusionsHCPs in this study had high levels of personal engagement with yoga and were open to recommending yoga to patients, but still faced several barriers. Workplace support, particularly for GPs, and information about how patients can access appropriate and affordable yoga instruction would facilitate referral. Further research with a representative sample is warranted to understand perceptions of HCPs less engaged with yoga.     

Effects of music medicine on premenstrual symptoms levels and quality of life: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPremenstrual syndrome is an important health problem affecting women of reproductive age. This study aimed to show that music medicine can be used to reduce the premenstrual syndrome levels and increase the quality of life of women.DesignA prospective, single-blinded randomized controlled trial.MaterialsThe study was conducted between January and April 2021 on 97 college students. The participants consisted of women over 20 years of age and suffering from premenstrual syndrome. The participants were randomized into music and control groups.ResultsImmediately post-intervention, the women in the experimental groups had significantly higher reduced premenstrual syndrome levels and an improved quality of life. Music and control groups were evaluated with The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) and the short form of the Short of World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL‐BREF). Comparing these two groups, music significantly reduced the premenstrual syndrome level after application (PMSS-1123.23 ± 32.06 vs. 105.90 ± 27.55, respectively, PMSS-2 94.21 ± 28.42 vs. 119.44 ± 27.29, respectively, p < .05). Comparing the music medicine and control groups had significantly increased WHOQOL-BREF scores (Physical, psychological, and environmental) after the application (13.71 vs. 13.14; 14.33 vs. 15.44 vs.14.66, respectively, p < .05).ConclusionPremenstrual symptoms were significantly reduced in the music medicine group than the control group. Additionally, music medicine improves the quality of life.