儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的手术治疗

本文报告手术治疗儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折４４例，其中行开放复位内固定术４２例，肱骨髁上截骨术２例。随访３～３４年，平均１０．６年，优良率为４３．２％。并发骨不愈合３例，肱骨外髁缺血性坏死５例，肘内翻４例，肘外翻１５例，尺神经炎１２例。骨折时间越长，功能恢复越差，并发症越多。主张尽早手术解剖复位以提高疗效。陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折块有明显移位，关节活动明显受限者应积极手术复位，改善功能。开放复位术中应尽可能保留伸肌腱的附丽，以免发生骨不连、骨缺血坏死、影响骨骺发育和关节软骨变性坏死。     

儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的手术治疗

肱骨外髁骨折占儿童肘部骨折的２０％。若处理不当会发生：骨折不愈合、肘外翻、尺神经炎、上下尺桡关节不稳等。有关对２年或更长时间的陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折不愈合的治疗，报道的文章不多。我们报道１１例治疗的经验与体会。临床资料自１９９０年４月～１９９５年１２月收...     

儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折不愈合手术治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折不愈合的原因、治疗及注意事项.方法 对11例陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折不愈合行手术治疗.结果 10例获随访,肘关节功能:优9例,良1例.结论 固定时间短、过早或不正确的活动、医患重视程度轻未及时复查是导致肱骨外髁骨折不愈合的主要原因.对其应选择手术治疗.     

儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的治疗

目的探讨儿童肱骨外髁骨折治疗的注意事项及对陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折治疗的经验。方法1997年1月～2002年2月，收治儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折13例。其中男11例，女2例；年龄4～11岁，平均7．2岁。3例有明显肘外翻畸形。初期诊断Ⅰ度骨折4例，Ⅱ度骨折5例，诊断不明确或漏诊4例。伸肘障碍13例，受限30～70°，屈肘〉90°；疼痛2例；肘外翻1例；X线片示骨折不愈合10例，畸形愈合3例。12例患儿损伤至手术时间为32～81d，平均56d，行切开复位加钢针内固定术；另1例患儿为受伤后6个月就诊，行切开复位加钢针内固定和植骨术。结果13例均获随访3～8年，平均5．4年。无肘内翻或外翻畸形，5例有外髁部轻度突起畸形。肘部屈伸活动度改善40～70°，平均56°（包括术前屈肘受限），前臂旋转活动好。X线片示术后6-8周骨折愈合，基本恢复关节平面；无骨不连或骨延迟愈合，无无菌性坏死发生。结论肱骨外髁骨折治疗重点在于早诊断、早治疗，避免发生陈旧性骨折。对于陈旧性骨折，尽早手术能有效修复重建肘关节外观和功能。     

肱骨外髁陈旧骨折肘外翻尺神经炎的手术治疗

目的探讨成人肱骨外髁陈旧骨折并肘外翻、尺神经炎的手术治疗方法。方法收治成人肱骨外髁陈旧骨折并肘外翻、尺神经炎16例,均伴有肱骨外髁骨不连,全部采用肱骨髁上截骨、尺神经前移手术治疗,骨不连未作处理。结果16例平均术后随访28个月,尺神经炎按Amadio疗效评定标准,优良率87．5％;按HSS评分系统进行肘关节功能评定．优良率92％。结论肱骨髁上截骨、尺神经前移是治疗成人肱骨外髁陈旧骨折合并肘外翻畸形、尺神经炎一种可行方法。     

空心钉治疗儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折

2006年1月～2009年7月,我院应用空心钉内固定治疗儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折9例,骨折愈合良好,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组9例,男6例,女3例,年龄5～10（7.6±1.1）岁。受伤至手术时间5～25（8±2.3）个月。肘关节屈伸功能障碍6例,屈伸度为45°～90°（68°±19°）,1例肘外翻畸形20°,无迟发性尺神经炎。X线片显示均为骨折不愈合,见图1A。     

肱骨外髁骨折手术治疗的体会

肱骨外髁骨折，在儿童亦称为肱骨外髁骨骺骨折，骨折块常包括肱骨小头和肱骨滑车之桡侧部。由于肱骨外髁骨折块很大部分由软骨构成，X线片软骨不显影，而且年龄越小，软骨越多，易发生漏诊，治疗不当常发生骨折不愈合。造成肘关节功能障碍。我院于2000年1月至2005年10月手术治疗肱骨外髁骨折18例，取得满意结果。     

儿童肱骨外髁骨折834例治疗分析

目的探讨儿童肱骨外髁骨折诊治及并发症的预防。方法701例Ⅰ型骨折进行非手术治疗，673例非手术治疗成功，28例5～15d发现骨片移位接受手术治疗；59例Ⅱ型骨折，2例非手术治疗，49例手术治疗；62例Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型骨折，8例陈旧性骨折病例手术治疗，总共147例手术；12例放弃治疗。结果非手术治疗的骨折病例中，1例Ⅱ型骨折病例出现肘内翻；139例急性、亚急性手术病例，22例轻度肱骨外髁隆凸，5例轻度肘关节功能受限，1例肱骨小头及滑车坏死，1例内固定感染骨髓炎；8例手术治疗的陈旧性病例，5例效果满意，2例肘关节功能受限，1例骨不连。结论儿童肱骨外髁骨折治疗的关键是争取早期解剖复位，防止陈旧性骨折的发生。     

肱骨外髁骨折不愈合伴发育不全的手术治疗

目的 评价手术切开复位内固定治疗肱骨外髁骨折不愈合伴发育不全的临床疗效.方法 通过对16例肱骨外髁骨折不愈合伴发育不全采用手术切开复位内固定治疗,并对肘关节功能进行手术前及术后评价.结果 16例获得随访,时问1～5年(平均3年),根据HSS美国特种外科医院临床评分标准:优11例,良3例,一般2例,优良率87.5%.结论 对于肱骨外髁骨折不愈合伴发育不全,手术治疗可获得满意的效果.     

翻转移位型肱骨外髁骨折116例治疗探讨

自1965～1989年共收治翻转移位型肱骨外髁骨折116例,采用丝线内固定72例,克氏针内固定44例。经1～24年,平均12.5年随访116例,优良率为81.9％。对翻转移位型肱骨外髁骨折不主张手法整复,强调术中解剖对位及维持解剖对位至骨折连接。手术时间越早骨块解剖对位率越高,治疗效果也越好。间断部分切断伸肌群肌筋膜,可保护骨块血供,避免骨块完全游离。     

不稳定性锁骨外侧端骨折及肩锁关节脱位的手术治疗

目的　评价不稳定性锁骨外侧端骨折及肩锁关节脱位的治疗方法和临床疗效。方法　对 1 0 9例不稳定性锁骨外侧端骨折及肩锁关节脱位患者分别行手术切开复位克氏针内固定、克氏针张力带内固定与锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗。平均随访时间 1 5年 ,采用Karlsson评分标准评估治疗效果。结果　优良率为 80 7% (88/1 0 9) ,其中克氏针内固定组优良率为 73 8% ,克氏针张力带内固定组优良率为 78 9% ,锁骨钩钢板内固定组优良率为 93 1 % ;前两组与后一组相比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,锁骨钩钢板内固定组优良率最高。结论　对不稳定性锁骨外侧端骨折及肩锁关节脱位 ,锁骨钩钢板内固定疗效最佳 ,对新鲜骨折脱位手术中不一定要修复喙锁韧带、肩锁韧带     

锁定钢板在股骨髁部骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨锁定钢板治疗股骨髁部骨折的疗效及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年12月间44例股骨髁部粉碎性骨折患者的临床资料,其中AO骨折分型,C2型36例,C3型8例,均采用股骨远端锁定钢板固定。结果本组患者伤口均一期愈合,无伤口感染、切口裂开等并发症。本组均获得随访,时间10～18个月,平均14.8个月。骨折均获得骨性愈合,临床愈合时间10～24周,无内固定失效、骨不连等并发症。膝关节功能按Karlstrom标准,优30例,良9例,可5例,优良率为88.6%。结论股骨髁部骨折类型多样,复位要求高,临床治疗困难。锁定钢板治疗股骨髁部骨折手术操作简单,固定坚强可靠,并发症少,膝关节功能恢复良好,是一种处理股骨髁部复杂骨折的良好方法 。     

经外侧三角肌入路应用肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的 探讨经外侧三角肌入路应用肱骨近端锁定接骨板(LPHP)治疗肱骨近端骨折的方法.方法 自2003年2月～2007年6月经外侧三角肌入路应用LPHP治疗22例肱骨近端骨折,按Neer分型,其中二部分骨折5例,三部分骨折15例,四部分骨折2例.结果 随访时间6～48个月,骨折全部获得愈合,愈合时间6～12周,根据肩关节Neer功能百分评分标准:优12例,良8例,可2例,优良率91%.结论 经外侧三角肌入路应用LPHP治疗肱骨近端骨折,可降低对软组织和骨折残留血运的破坏,获得满意的复位和坚强的固定,减少关节周围瘢痕的形成,术后能进行早期功能锻炼,其是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗方法.     

应用DCS治疗股骨髁上骨不连

目的：探讨动力髁螺钉(DCS)治疗股骨髁上骨不连的临床疗效和特点。方法：14例段骨髁上骨不连均采用DCS固定 自体筋骨植骨治疗，4例伴有膝关节僵硬者同时行膝关节松解术。结果：所有病例获得随访，时间12—48个月，平均18个月。在4—9个月内均获骨性愈合。有2例膝关节僵硬获得明显改善。参照Shelbourne疗效评定标准，ll例疗效优良，优良率78．6％。结论：应用DCS固定 自体筋骨植骨后骨折端可获得坚持内固定及压应力，手术操作简便、安全，可早期进行膝关节和股四头肌功能锻炼，是一种治疗段骨髁上骨不连的有效方法。     

The Integrity of Cartilage Hinge in Song 2/3 Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures in Children: A Retrospective Radiological Study in Two Centers

ObjectiveFor pediatric lateral condylar fractures (LCFs) of the humerus, it is often hard to determine the stability of the fracture based on the Song classification, especially for those categorized as Song stages 2 and 3. This study aims to define the characteristics of cartilage injury and assess the stability of LCFs classified as Song stages 2 and 3 on post‐traumatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThis was a retrospective study based on imaging data, conducted with a short follow‐up period. From January 2016 to May 2019, data of all patients with Song 2 and Song 3 LCFs treated at two institutions were collected. Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 62 patients with Song stage 2/3 LCF were included. All radiographs were selected for observation and classification for comparison by two observers, both experienced pediatric orthopedic surgeons. MRIs scans for comparison were analyzed in three consecutive coronal sections and cross‐sections. Patients were treated conservatively with casting or surgically with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP).ResultsAltogether 62 cases between 1.5 to 9 years old were included. Reliability analysis revealed poor, moderate, or good agreement between the two observers (range, 0.149–0.633). Both observers showed moderate or good consistency (range, 0.413–0.611). Among the 62 patients diagnosed with Song stages 2 and 3 fractures on initial radiographs, only two patients (3%) had complete fractures with complete disruption of the cartilage hinge as seen on MRI. The hinge was generally located in the posterior‐inferior region of the distal humeral cartilage as indicated on MRI. There was no significant difference between Song stages 2 and 3 with regard to ratio of hinge to total values in any cross‐sections, nor was there any significant difference in the completeness of the coronal sections (P > 0.05). Of the 62 patients treated, 50 were managed conservatively with casting and 12 underwent CRPP. Forty‐nine of the remaining 60 patients (97%) with incomplete fractures were managed conservatively, while the remaining 11 patients were managed with CRPP. All patients with incomplete fractures showed bone healing and no evidence of lateral condyle displacement on follow‐up radiographs.ConclusionsThe Song stage 2 or 3 classification is not entirely accurate and is inadequate at guiding treatment outcomes. The cartilage hinge was most likely located posteroinferiorly within the distal humeral epiphysis. According to our findings, conservative treatment with an effective cast or splint may be sufficient for bone healing in case of incomplete cartilage fractures.     

Humeral Head Replacement in the Treatment of Comminuted Proximal Humeral Fracture

ObjectiveTo investigate the outcomes of humeral head replacement in the treatment of patients with comminuted proximal humeral fracture.MethodsBetween February 2013 and September 2016, 56 patients underwent humeral head replacement in our hospital. Of them, 18 cases were diagnosed as comminuted proximal humeral fracture before the operation. The mean age of the patients was 69.5 years old (ranging from 61 to 79 years old). Of them, there were six males and 12 females. All the patients in this group had fresh fractures. They were all treated by artificial humeral head replacements. After the prosthesis was fixed by bone cement reliably, the greater or lesser trochanter and prosthesis handle were sutured and fixed firmly. The interval time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 5 days. The Constant Functional Score, operation time, blood loss, nerve injury, joint dislocation rate, and infection rate were recorded at the final follow‐up. The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively studied. All of the data were recorded in average form.ResultsIn this study, the mean duration of follow‐up was 4 years, ranging from 3 to 6 years. The operation time ranged from 75 to 120 min, with the average of 82 min. The blood loss ranged from 100 to 400 mL, with the average of 210 mL. The mean score of Constant Functional Score was 83.5 ± 3.1. Of them, 14 cases achieved excellent and good (scores of more than 80), and four cases achieved moderate and poor (scores of less than 80). No patient suffered from joint dislocation, unstable joint, or infection after the operation. There were two patients with axillary nerve injury before the operation. However, the function could be recovered within 3–6 weeks after the surgery.ConclusionThe artificial humeral head replacement could be applied for the treatment of patients with comminuted proximal humeral fracture. During the surgery process, the stable structure of shoulder joint could be completely restructured, and the rehabilitation plan should be adjusted reasonably and timely after the operation.